• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.73-90
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 일본 재난관리 및 재난심리지원 체계를 살펴보고, 국내 재난심리지원체계의 구축 및 개선에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 한다. 이를 위해 일본과 한국의 재난심리지원 체계에 대한 국 내외 문헌을 중심으로 문헌연구가 이루어졌다. 일본에서는 대규모 재난 초동기에는 중앙에서 파견된 재난심리지원 인력인 재해파견정신의료팀(DPAT)에 의한 정신의료적 지원과 함께 적십자사에 의한 심리사회적 지원이 이루어지고, 재난 이후 중장기개입에 있어서는 마음케어센터에 의한 지원이 이루어지고 있다. 재난심리지원의 중앙 컨트롤타워 역할을 하는 재해시마음의정보지원센터는 재난정신건강정보지원시스템을 통해 전국적인 재난관련 데이터를 수집 분석 관리하여 전국적 수준에서 재난상황을 파악하고, 정보의 취합을 통해 중앙에서의 재난심리지원 활동을 관리한다. 일본 재난심리지원체계는 대규모 재난 시 마다 이를 계기로 하여 문제점들을 보완하고 수정하여 현재의 모습을 갖추어 왔다는 점에서 우리나라에 시사점을 준다. 연구결과에 기초하여 논의 및 시사점이 제시되었다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.241-257
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• 1997

This study identifies a basic framework to analyze specific experiences of examinees so that which nurses are better able to understand reactions of examinees and, further, to provide better nursing treatments to them. This study follows Strauss & Corbin's analysis tool (1990). This basic framework identifies the specific mental reactions in a process away from the "being tightened" state. The main factors explaining this process include the 28 following variables : anxiety, being burdened, being suppressed, lack of agency, being suffocated, term pressure, expectation pressure, grade pressure, firmness, feebleness, helping others, being disturbed, watching others, off ficiousness, staightening on, depending on, getting along with, getting out of, shooting out, giving up, being alone, devoting, bracing up, being industrious, being harassed, being distressed, troubles, and quiting. Twelve variables are factored from the above factors which include pressure, being tighened, terms, expectations, grades, will, friends, family, open-minded confrontation, close-minded confrontation, pursuing, and wandering around. The Examinees' state of being tightened is first developed, watched by others, and finally resolved causing students either to pursue (positive reactions) or to wander around (negative reactions). Based on the theoretical framework, the following sixteen hypotheses are developed : 1. Students are less tightened in the first term. 2. Students are more tightened in the second term. 3. Students with higher grades feel less tightened. 4. Students with lower grades feel more tightened. 5. Students with higher expectations feel more tightened. 6. Students with lower expectations feel less tightened. 7. Students who are less tightened confront open-mindedly. 8. Students who are higher tightened confront close-mindedly. 9. Students with a strong will confront open-mindedly. 10. Students with a weak will confront close-mindedly. 11. Students who have more sincere friends confront open-mindedly. 12. Students who have less sincere frieds confront close-mindedly. 13. Students with family support confront open-mindedly. 14. Students with little family support confront close-mindedly. 15. Students confronting open-mindedly pursue. 16. Students confronting close-mindedly wander. We identify the following four relations from the data analysis : 1. Students with average grades in their first term are more tightened from high expectations and have a tendency to wander if they have less supporting families even if they also have a strong will and sincere friends. 2. Students with low grades in their second term are less tighened because of low expectations and have a tendency to wander if they have a weak will and few sincere friends even if they have strong family support. 3. Students with high grades in their second term are more tightened with high expectations and have a tendency to pursue confrontations open-mindedly if they have supporting families and a strong will even if they have few sincere friends. 4. Students with average grades in their first term are less tightened from fewer expectations and have a tendency to pursue confrontations open-mindedly when they have more supporting families and sincere friends even if they have a weak will. A Student's degree of being tightened are affected by grades, terms, and expectations. Being tightened is resolved positively or negatively based on will, friends, and family. We conclude that will, family support, and sincere friends cause students to confront "being tightened" open-mindedly. We also conclude that practical nursing for students who are tightened have to focus on creating environments in which students are able to confront open-mindedly.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2019

목적: 신체활동과 인지운동, 사회적 상호작용을 혼합한 단기 집단 복합중재가 75세 이상의 고령 정상 노인의 인지기능과 우울 수준에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 본 연구 설계는 단일 집단 사전-사후 설계(one group pretest-posttest design)로 중재는 회당 70분, 주 1회, 총 4회기 동안 실시하였다. 중재 전과 후의 인지기능과 우울 수준, 신체기능의 변화를 비교하기 위해서 치매 선별용 간이 정신상태검사(Mini-Mental State Examination-Dementia Screening; MMSE-DS)와 단축형 노인우울척도(Short Form for Geriatric Depression Scale; SGDS), 버그균형척도(Berg Balance Scale; BBS)를 사용하였다. 결과: 75세 이상의 고령 정상노인에게 집단 복합중재를 적용한 후 인지기능은 통계적으로 유의미한 향상이 있었고(p<.01), 우울 수준은 통계적으로 유의미한 감소가 있었다(p<.05). 균형수준도 중재 전$46.83{\pm}9.11$점에서 중재 후 $48.08{\pm}7.00$점으로 평가점수의 증가는 있었으나, 통계적으로 유의미하지는 않았다(p>.05). 결론: 신체활동과 인지운동, 사회적 상호작용을 혼합한 단기 집단 복합중재는 75세 이상의 고령 정상노인의 인지기능의 저하를 늦추고 우울수준을 감소시키는데 유의한 효과가 있었다. 본 연구는 정상노인들의 치매, 우울 예방을 위한 중재에 있어서 보다 체계적인 중재를 제공하기 위한 근거를 제시한다는 점에 의의가 있다. 향후 연구에서는 작업치료사에 의한 전문적인 치료에 대한 효과연구와 실험군-대조군 연구를 통해 효과입증이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2015

Objectives: Medical students suffer from mental health and academic problems due to academic stress. We investigated academic stress and exhaustion along with psychological issues caused by medical education during the years in the School of Korean Medicine. Methods: Two hundred fifty-one university students from the School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, were asked to complete the Medical Stress Scale (MSS), Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) three times during each semester for two years from 2013 onwards. We analyzed the influence of school term and vacation on educational stress and negative affect with the T-test. The Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to predict changes during the first semester or first years of study in the School of Korean Medicine. Results: Academic stress and burnout increased steadily until the first semester of third grade, which was measured with MSS and MBI-SS. The anxiety level was highest when the students started the first grade and it decreased significantly after the first semester. Negative affect repeatedly increased significantly after each school term; however, it reduced after each vacation. In the first grade, 19.5% of the last measure of MSS can be explained with the first measure of MSS. Discussion: This study extensively reviewed the trends and characteristics of four years of academic stress and its related psychological influence, and discussed its importance for developing a more efficient academic curriculum for traditional Korean Medicine.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.1076-1084
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cognitive behavioral anger management intervention in order to increase self-consciousness and decrease anger among Korean military men, Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. Ninety two soldiers were screened for unhealthy anger expression using a questionnaire. Among them, 26 soldiers who showed unhealthy anger expression were selected for this study. They were matched by rank and assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received the intervention three consecutive times, once a week and for 120 minutes per session. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention for anger (the State-Trait Anger Scale) and self-consciousness (Self-consciousness Scale). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcox on signed rank test. Results: There was no statistically significant decrease in anger or increase in self-consciousness between the two groups following treatment. However, there was a significant increase in private self-consciousness in the treatment group after the intervention(p=.006). Conclusion: The cognitive behavioral anger management program improves private self-consciousness in soldiers. However, Additional research is needed to explore whether long-term intervention is more effective for anger control in the military setting. The findings from this study suggest that more attention should be given to mental health care for Korean soldiers.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2012

Objective : Life-threatening hemispheric stroke is associated with a high mortality and morbidity. Decompressive hemicraniectomy has been regarded as an effective treatment option for refractory intracranial hypertension. Here, we reported the clinical course of 5 children with decompressive craniectomy and duroplasty after non-traumatic refractory intracranial hypertension. Methods : Four toddlers and one preschool-girl were included in this study; there were 3 boys and 2 girls with a mean age of 34.6 months (range 17-80). Decompressive craniectomy including duroplasty was performed in cases of dilatation of pupil size after intensified standard medical therapy had proven insufficient. All children had a Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale score <8 at pre-operation state. The mean time-point of craniectomy after stroke attack was 12 hours (range 4-19). Results : During the long-term follow-up period (mean 47.6 months), no children died. One year later, when we checked their Glasgow Outcome Scale scores, only one toddler received a score of 4 (moderate disability). But the others had good recoveries although they had minor physical or mental deficits. According to the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale, 4 children received a score of 2 (mild disability). Conclusion : Despite our small cases, we suggest that decompressive hemicraniectomy and duroplasty is an acceptable and life-saving treatment for refractory intracranial hypertension after unilateral hemispheric stroke in toddlers and preschool children.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.560-570
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of diabetic foot care education for the older adults with low health literacy. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest was used. The participants who were diagnosed with diabetes, were adults over 65 years old at the welfare center of Y and B city. They were divided into the experimental group (n=32) and the control group (n=31). Inclusion criteria were a score of 5 or under on the Short form of Korean Functional Health Literacy Test and 24 or more on the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination. Foot care education was conducted in a small group for 40 minutes, once a week, for three weeks. The education materials are composed of an easy term, picture and photographs to understand easily. Results: The scores of diabetic foot care knowledge (t=4.57, p<.001), foot care self-efficacy (t=6.07, p<.001), and foot self-care behavior (t=4.18, p<.001) were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Foot health status was not significantly improved. Conclusion: The findings indicate that this education program can be used as a nursing intervention improving foot care knowledge, foot care self-efficacy, and foot self-care behavior in order to prevent the diabetic foot problems of elderly diabetic persons with low health literacy.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.464-475
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• 1992

Head Injuries due to traffic accidents are now the leading cause of death and long term disability in males between 30-50 years. Many patients with head injuries experience mild dysfunction of cognition without major neurosurgical problems, and this may interfere with successful rehabilitation. However, not many studies have been done to investigate the cognitive functioning following mild head injuries. The purpose of this study was to obtain injured patient's dermographic data including medical, neuropsychological and social data, and to investigate the cause of injury and alcohol use at the time of injury. This study focused on the recovery of cognitive function in patients with head injuries and used the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE) score and its correlation with dermographic and social data. Data on 77 patients with minor head injuries who were admitted to the department of Neurosurgery in 3 and I hospital in Dae Jun from September 1991 to February 1992 were analyzed. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) Out of the 77 cases reviewed in this study, 62 were male, 15 were female. 2) A higher incidence of injury was observed between 7:00 PM and 12:00 PM. 3) The most common cause of head injury in traffic accidents was pedestrian accidents, and the next most frequent cause was motorcycle accidents. 4) Thirteen of the 77 cases in this study were under the influence of alcohol at the time of injury, and they were all male. 5) The MMSE scores one month after injury and at discharge were significantly lower in patients with head injuries that included skull fractures than in patients without skull fractures, suggesting lower cognitive function in patients with skull fractures. 6) The level of consciousness at admission and three days after admission measured by the GCS for drivers under the influence of alcohol was lower than for sober drivers. The MMSE score was also lower for drunken drivers. 7) The MMSE score one month after the injury had a reciprocal relationship with the age of the patient. 8) The MMSE score one month after the injury and at discharge were highly correlated with the duration of unconsciousness. 9) The MMSE score one month after injury and at discharge were highly correlated with the GCS scores at admission, three days after admission, and one week after admission.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

Objectives : This study aimed to test potential modifying effects of education on the association between apolipoprotein E ${\varepsilon}4$ (Apo E4) and cognitive decline. Methods : A community cohort(N=683) aged 65 or over completed the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K) at baseline and two years later(1999-2001). Apo E polymorphisms were genotyped, and classified into that with or without Apo E4. Educational levels were categorized into people with or without education. Covariates included demographic(age, gender), life style(smoking, alcohol drinking), clinical (depression, sleep disorder, vascular risk factors) characteristics. Results : The association between Apo E4 and cognitive decline was significant only in the old persons with no education. The interaction term between education and Apo E4 on cognitive decline was significant(p=0.040). Conclusion : Elders with no education might be more vulnerable to the impact of Apo E4 on cognitive decline, which suggests gene-environment interaction.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2012

Objectives : This research was investigated to evaluate the psychological characteristics and changes of psychological state among dental orthodontic patients. Methods : This cross-sectional questionnaire research was conducted with 230 dental orthodontic patients in Busan from December 23, 2009 to March 6, 2010. The psychological analysis of dental orthodontic treatment patients was performed with Symptom checklist-90-revision(SCL-90-R) considering 5 general characteristics and 2 treatment period related characteristics. Estimated psychological results were changed T-score. Data analysis was performed with descriptive analysis, t-test and ANOVA using SAS(ver 9.1) program. Results : The levels of T-score of SCL-90-R were $43.88{\pm}7.50$ in hostility(HOS), $43.38{\pm}4.64$ in phobic anxiety(PHOB), $43.20{\pm}6.24$ in somatization(SOM), $42.13{\pm}6.71$ in paranoid ideation(PAR), $41.39{\pm}8.16$ in interpersonal sensitive(I-S), $41.01{\pm}7.90$ in obsessive-compulsive(O-C), $40.96{\pm}5.37$ in psychoticism(PSY), $40.96{\pm}5.19$ in anxiety(ANX) and $39.81{\pm}6.80$ in depression(DEP), respectively. The T-score of phobic anxiety in before treatment group was higher than that of treatment groups. The T-score of interpersonal sensitive and paranoid ideation in over 36 months treatment period group were higher than that of other treatment period groups. Conclusions : Phobic anxiety(PHOB), interpersonal sensitive(I-S) and paranoid ideation(PAR) were affected in pre-treatment and long-term treatment dental orthodontic patients. Psychological management methods considering treatment period are needed to improve mental health of dental orthodontic patients.