• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.377-393
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• 2012

The understanding demands the different degree of the understanding according to student's learning situation. In this paper, we investigate what is the foundation for the complete understanding for the generalization in the generalization-process and justification of some concepts or some theories, through a case. We discovered that the completeness of the understanding in the generalization-process and justification requires 'the meaningful-mental object' which can give the meaning about the concept or theory to students. Students can do the generalization-process through the construction of 'the meaningful-mental object' and confirm the validity of generalization through 'the meaningful-mental object' which is constructed by them. And we can judge the whether students construct the completeness of the understanding or not, by 'the meaningful-mental object' of the student. Hence 'the meaningful-mental object' are vital condition for the generalization-process and justification.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2002

인간은 어떤 대상을 인지해 나가는 과정에서 심성모형을 이용해 보다 효율적으로 정보처리 한다. 만약 어떤 대상을 이해해 가는 과정에서 그들이 사용하고 있는 심성모형이 어떤 것인지를 알 수 있다면 그것을 어떻게 인지할 것인지를 우리는 알 수 있을 것이다. 마찬가지로 시각물을 인지하는데도 심성모형이 사용되고 있을까\ulcorner 만약 이것이 사실이라면 우리는 새로운 디자인물을 사용자가 어떻게 이해할것인지를 분석할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이와같은 목적으로 인간이 시각적 심성모형을 통해 새로운 대상을 이해하는지를 알기 위해 2000cc급 자동차 측면을 자극재료로 하여 A집단에는 100%의 예비자극을 보여준 후 120%로 늘려진 실험자극을 보여줬고, B집단에는 120%의 실험자극만을 보여 주는 실험을 하였다. 실험결과 A집단이 B집단보다 실험자극을 보다 길게 지각할 것이라는 연구가설이 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 인간이 시각물을 지각하는데 에도 심성모형을 사용한다는 것이 증명되었으며, 이와같은 결론이 산업디자인분야에 시사하는 바는 어떤 대상을 디자인하는데 소비자가 생각하고 있는 기존제품의 시각적 심성모형을 알면 새로이 제시하려는 디자인대안에 대한 정화한 이해를 할 수 있게 된다는 것이다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1978

The purpose of this study is to obtain the enshortening and elongation rate of image in orthopantomograph. The subjects were consisted of 15 dry skulls attached with radiopaque materials on each anatomical points. The length measurements were performed between two points on dry skull, and between two points on film. The results are as follows: 1. The enshortening and elongation rate between two anatomical points (1) ANS↔infraorbital foramen (left:+1.3%, right:+0.7%) (2) ANS↔maxillary tuberosity(left:-11.7%, right:-14.3%) (3) Zygomatic arch length(left:-4.8%, right:-8.9%) (4) first molar↔infraorbital foramen (left:+19.8%, right:+24%) (5) inter-infraorbital foramen length(-21.4%) (6) inter-first molar length (-31.8%) (7) inter-mental foramen length(+1.4%) (8) mental foramen↔mandible angle (left:+3.3%, right:+3.3%) (9) mental foramen↔lingula(left:+8.2%, right:+3.3%) (10) mental foramen↔condyle head(left:+5.2%, right:+4.5%) (11) mandible↔condyle head (left:+15.4%, right:+16.4%) 2. The closer the object is to the occlusal plane and the median line, the smaller it appears.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 새수학의 전형이라 할 수 있는 SMSG의 넓이 교수-학습 방식에 대한 비판적 고찰을 통해 새수학 실패의 원인을 교수학적 측면에서 밝히는 것이다. SMSG의 계량도식에 따른 넓이 도입 방식의 독특성에 대해 파악하기 위해 Euclid의 $\ll$원론$\gg$, De Morgan의 $\ll$Elements of arithmetic$\gg$, 그리고 Legendre의 (Elements of geometry and trigonometry) 를 살펴보았다. 또, SMSG의 넓이 교수-학습 방식에 대한 Wittenberg(1963)과 Moise(1963)의 논쟁에 대해 고찰함으로써 초등성과 넓이개념에 대한 심상 형성이 SMSG의 넓이 교수-학습 방식의 성패의 중요한 관건이었다는 점을 확인하였다. 더 나아가 SMSG 넓이 교수-학습 방식이 닮음, 같은 넓이, 통약불가능성등과 같은 수학 내용과의 단절을 초래한다는 점에서 초등성과 기하적 심상의 부재를 낳을 수밖에 없었고, 그것이 SMSG 교수-학습 실패의 원인이라는 것을 보였다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2011

Objectives : These days assaults and other natural and human disasters are increasing. But oriental medical treatment researches in Korea are limited in car accident PTSD patients only. Our object is to explore an oriental medical intervention model for the evidence-based approach to PTSD after diverse trauma including disasters. Methods : Domestic papers for Korean researches are obtained from oriental medical related journals by internet searching. International materials are obtained from PubMed searching and a publication from Department of Veterans' Affairs. After assorting searched articles into RCTs and non-RCTs, we analyzed the articles according to the elapsed time from trauma. Results : We confirmed that acupuncture, CBT, and PMR were effective in acute stage after traumatic event. And EMDR, EFT, and relaxation therapy were effective in chronic stage after traumatic event. Building on the findings, we proposed a model of oriental medicine for Disaster Mental Health. Conclusions : Analyzing previous researches about oriental medicine on PTSD, several interventions were confirmed the effectiveness on specific treatment stage. We could find the possibility of Oriental Medicine as a Disaster Mental Heath and proposed a model of Oriental medicine for Disaster Mental Health.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.51-78
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• 2018

To put it simply, thing theory is a study of meaningful capacities of materiality. Although T. S. Eliot regarded pathetic fallacy as the bad example of objective correlatives in his modernism poetry theory, it is clear that many objects in literary works reflect diverse human desires. Among many, Victorian sensation novels are the most distinct genre where the various paraphernalia in them indicate the distorted and exaggerated greed of the industrial revolution era. Whereas the male protagonists are usually related with the norms objects of authority such as portrait and locket, the female characters' connection with cosmetics and white dress shows their oppressed and fragile position in the patriarchal and hierarchical society. In the (post)modern society, the ambiguity of things has grown rapidly due to the increasing discrepancy between objects and things. In special, the new journalism and the psychological realism novels often reveal the post-truth phenomenon because consumerized audience depend more upon the attraction and affect than the mere evidence and facts. For the individual, according to object relations theory, these alternative facts are rather internalized into their mind as the internal object when they are motivated by the non/contact with primary caregivers in their childhood. The dominant material imagery in (post)modern fiction becomes the site of resistance because of their reconstructed and extended meaning. The object relations theory and thing theory can be effectively used to uncover the complicated meanings of desired objects by using the human-object's meaningful relations and early mental images that are secretly alive still in the present.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2004

Empirical evidence on the maintainability of object-oriented systems is far from conclusive, partly due to lack of representativeness of the subjects and systems used in the study. The present research empirically examined this issue with the systems that are mission-critical. currently operational and maintained by professionals. It was found that the 00 group appeared to consume less time while maintaining more amount of software artifacts than the NOO counterpart. This economical utilization of time appeared evident regardless of software development life cycle. This was due to the usefulness of UML for impact analysis which contributed to effective comprehension and communication. Insufficient design specifications led to ambiguity and costly defects in transferring design solutions to development. Also. the encapsulation of 00 seemed to reduce mental loads at maintenance tasks and improved code reuse. However, the number of files to manage increased and thus. dependency management is required for the 00 systems.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.626-629
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• 2002

In Oriental medicine, Five Mental is a concept for understanding of man's mental structure. Spirit and body is inseparable relation in Oriental Medicine. Function of spirit and body is regarded as one in Oriental Medical physiology. Spirit is the essence of a function which an organism reveal, and it is regarded in the same with life. For this reason, identification spirit with life is special feature of Oriental Medicine. In Confucianism, Li(理) refers to nature's discipline, which everything under the sun shares. It is similar to the concept of Shin(神) in a broad sense and Sung(性) is similar to that of Shin(神) in a narrow sense. Confucianism's principle is similar to Oriental medicine's, in that they classify Sung(性) into Gi-Jil-Ji-Sung(氣質之性) and Bon-Yeon-Ji-Sung(本然之性), that Sung(性) acts upon man differently according to his disposition, and that materials have an effect on Shin(神)'s action. According to mind's action, there are Human mind(人心) and Moral mind(道心). Human mind(人心) is defined as a mental action of higher degree and Moral mind(道心) is conceived as a mental action related to body. It is similar to Oriental medicine's principle in which Shin(神) is classified into Hun(魂) and Beak(魄) according to its action. Yi(意) is self-control and application, and Zhi(志) is a conscious state in which basic acts towards the object are fixed regularly. Those are similar to the concepts of Oriental medicine.

• 인지과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1990

심리적 표상은 표상의 주체라고 할 마음의 존재문제와 표상되는 세계의존재 문제 를 제기한다. '명제태도' 라는 언어적 표상은 그것의 주어가 지칭하는는 마음의 존재를 문제 삼게할뿐 아니라 그러한 명제적 표상의 대상세계라고 할 명재적 사실의 존재문제 도 생기게 한다. 심리적 표상을 심리적 사건으로 간주할 때 그 사건의 뒤상이 문제된다. 어떤 다른 사건과 인과관계를 갖는지가 문제된다. 특히 신경과학적 사건과의 관게를 규명하는 문제가 중요하다. 심리적 표상은 이론적 대상의 세계고 간주될 수 있다. 그것은 신경과학의 발달 과정을 통하여 점차 해명될 수 있는 이론적 대상세계이다. 따라서 그것의 실재성도 과학의 발전에 의존하여 그 의미를 구체화할 수 있을 것이다. 철학이 제기하는 이러한 존재론적 문제들은 인지과학의 발전과 더불어 점차적으로 제조명될 성질의 것이다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2007

Generally, mind-body medicine is the field of studying neurose or diseases induced to body by psychological cause in a broad sense. It is said that, by definition, the medicine means the field of medicine with psychosomatic disease as its main object of research, and that it aims at utilizing the study of the relationship between mind and diseases to diagnoses and therapy of many physical diseases. Oriental medicine, the mind is classified into 'O-shin'(五神, five minds) and 'Chil-chung'(七情, seven mental states). O-shin are related to the five viscera each other. The liver contains the soul, the heart does the mind, the spleen does the consciousness, the lungs do the spirit and the kidneys do the will Chil-chung are seven mental states such as joy(喜), rage(怒), anxiety(憂), thinking(思), sorrow(悲), fear(恐) and horror(驚). If these Chil-chung are excessive, they induce physical diseases by hurting the five viscera as well as they cause mental problems. In oriental medicine, five mental is a concept for understanding of man's mental structure. Spirit and body is inseparable relation in oriental medicine. Function of spirit and body is regarded as one in oriental medical physiology. Spirit is the essence of a function which an organism reveal, and it is regarded in the same with life. For this reason, identification spirit with life is special feature of oriental medicine.