• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.119-129
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• 2001

Language is one aspect of cognition, along with attention and concentration, learning and memory, visuospatial abilities, and executive function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of language intervention by cognitive approach on language expressive performance in a patient with conduction aphasia. This study used several tasks such as Attention and concentration task, visual memory tasks, memory tasks, categorization, divergent thinking, self-monitoring and evaluate thinking. The effects of treatment were evaluated by periodic probing of both trained and untrained familiar words in three tasks; picture naming, answering to questions and telling stories. The results showed improvements both in trained and untrained words. Therefore, we concluded that expressive language performance of this aphasic patient is amenable to this intervention, and that cognitive therapy approach can be useful.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2018

Meta-cognition is the knowledge and cognition of cognitive phenomena, including the control of ones own memory, comprehension, and thought processes. Meta-cognition is similar to self-awareness, which is the understanding of oneself, and affects people's attitudes and behaviors. This study demonstrated the mediating effect of meta-cognition between internal locus of control and self-efficacy. Internal locus of control refers to the steady faith that any outcome is related to one's own efforts. Self-efficacy is a collection of personal strong belief that one individual can achieve his or her own goals. In this study, if a person has a tendency to adopt an internal locus of control, meta-cognition is improved, and self-efficacy can in turn be increased if meta-cognition is improved. This study conducted an empirical analysis through questionnaires conducted on 260 university students. The results of the research demonstrated that there is a highly positive correlation between meta-cognition, control position, and self-efficacy. In addition, this study emphasized that positive meta-cognition with internal locus of control can lead to positive attitudes and behaviors, and positive results.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.688-691
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• 2009

The methanol extract of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) has been investigated for its cognition enhancing effects by evaluation of inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase, a degrading enzyme of acetylcholine, a brain neurotransmitter, and ${\beta}$- secretase, which forms the ${\beta}$-amyloid toxic protein from its precursor protein. A passive avoidance task, one of the animal model experiments for learning and memory, was also performed. As a result, the melon extract showed 15.8% and 35.3% inhibition on acetylcholinesterase and ${\beta}$-secretase, respectively, with a final concentration of 100 mg/ml. In the animal model test, melon extract significantly (p<0.05) lengthened the step-through latency time by 22.7% compared to the control group, suggesting that melon extract has, indeed, an effect on cognition enhancement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

The research has sought to examine the effect of cognition training using smart device application games on the cognition function of traumatic brain injury patients. The research was conducted to the seventeen traumatic brain injury patients with slight symptoms who were treated with occupational therapy. The patients were divided into the two groups, nine for the experimental group and eight for the control group. The experimental group was assigned to conduct cognition training using smart device application games and traditional cognition training for fifteen minutes each, and the control group has conducted the traditional cognition training for 30 minutes. All arbitrations were conducted for 30 minutes a day, five times a week and for four weeks. To assess the cognitive function, Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) and visual memory 1 and 2 of Motor-free Visual Perception Test-3 (MVPT-3) were measured before and after the intervention. In the comparison of the change between the two groups, the experimental groups showed a significant improvement in the visual memory of Motor-free Visual Perception Test-3 and remembrance section of the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (p<.05). The result of this research has confirmed that the cognition training using the smart device application game can make the positive change to the visual memory of the traumatic brain injury patients more than the traditional cognition training.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression status and cognitive function in the community female aged. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Data were collected using individual-based interviews from 120 senior female residents in the Hall for the aged in the city of S. The length of time for data collection was from June 18 to 29, 2007. The tool of data collection was Korean Version of Mini-Mental State Examination (Kwon & Park, 1989), Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale (Bae, 1996). Results: Depression & cognition showed significant differences according to age, regular exercise. The depression group scored significantly lower than the normal group in total score of cognition, orientation, memory recall. Conclusion: It is necessary to prepare the composite programs, which can improve not only cognition but depression in the community female aged.\

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2024

Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used for prevention and treatment of various diseases as a tonic. Recent scientific cohort studies on life prolongation with ginseng consumption support this record, as those who consumed ginseng for more than 5 years had reduced mortality and cognitive decline compared to those who did not. Clinical studies have also shown that acute or long-term intake of ginseng total extract improves acute working memory performance or cognitive function in healthy individuals and those with subjective memory impairment (SMI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or early Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia who are taking AD medication(s). Ginseng contains various components ranging from classical ginsenosides and polysaccharides to more recently described gintonin. However, it is unclear which ginseng component(s) might be the main candidate that contribute to memory or cognitive improvements or prevent cognitive decline in older individuals. This review describes recent clinical contributors to ginseng components in clinical tests and introduces emerging evidence that ginseng components could be novel candidates for cognitive improvement in older individuals, as ginseng components improve SMI cognition and exhibits add-on effects when coadministered with early AD dementia drugs. The mechanism behind the beneficial effects of ginseng components and how it improves cognition are presented. Additionally, this review shows how ginseng components can contribute to SMI, MCI, or early AD dementia when used as a supplementary food and/or medicine, and proposes a novel combination therapy of current AD medicines with ginseng component(s).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

Background: A number of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases share impaired cognition as a common symptom. Therefore, the development of clinically applicable therapies to enhance cognition has yielded significant interest. Previously, we have shown that activation of lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs) via gintonin application potentiates synaptic transmission by the blockade of $K^+$ channels in the mature hippocampus. However, whether gintonin may exert any beneficial impact directly on cognition at the neural circuitry level and the behavioral level has not been investigated. Methods: In the current study, we took advantage of gintonin, a novel LPAR agonist, to investigate the effect of gintonin-mediated LPAR activation on cognitive performances. Hippocampus-dependent fear memory test, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal brain slices, and quantitative analysis on synaptic plasticity-related proteins were used. Results: Daily oral administration of gintonin for 1 wk significantly improved fear memory retention in the contextual fear-conditioning test in mice.We also found that oral administration of gintonin for 1 wk increased the expression of learning and memory-related proteins such as phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding (CREB) protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, prolonged gintonin administration enhanced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that the systemic gintonin administration could successfully improve contextual memory formation at the molecular and synaptic levels as well as the behavioral level. Therefore, oral administration of gintonin may serve as an effective noninvasive, nonsurgical method of enhancing cognitive functions.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2009

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1115-1121
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• 2009

For HRI (Human-Robot Interaction) in daily life, robots need to recognize non-rigid objects such as clothes and blankets. However, the recognition of non-rigid objects is challenging because of the variation of the shapes according to the places and laying manners. In this paper, the cognition of non-rigid object based on a cognitive system is presented. The characteristics of non-rigid objects are analysed in the view of HRI and referred to design a framework for the cognition of them. We adopt a linguistic cognitive system for describing all of the events happened to robots. When an event related to the non-rigid objects is occurred, the cognitive system describes the event into a sentential form and stores it at a sentential memory, and depicts the objects with a spatial model for being used as references. The cognitive system parses each sentence syntactically and semantically, in which the nouns meaning objects are connected to their models. For answering the questions of humans, sentences are retrieved by searching temporal information in the sentential memory and by spatial reasoning in a schematic imagery. Experiments show the feasibility of the cognitive system for cognizing non-rigid objects in HRI.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

The cache structure, which is designed for assuring fast accesses to frequently accessed data, resides on the various levels of computer system hierarchies. Many studies on this cache structure have been conducted and thus many page-replacement algorithms have been proposed. Most of page-replacement algorithms are designed on the basis of heuristic methods by using their own criteria such as how recently pages are accessed and how often they are accessed. This data-retrieval process in computer systems is analogous to human memory retrieval process since the retrieval process of human memory depends on frequency and recency of the retrieval events as well. A recent study regarding human memory cognition revealed that the possibility of the retrieval success and the retrieval latency have a strong correlation with the frequency and recency of the previous retrieval events. In this paper, we propose a novel page-replacement algorithm by utilizing the knowledge from the recent research regarding human memory cognition. Through a set of experiments, we demonstrated that our new method presents better hit-ratio than the LRFU algorithm which has been known as the best performing page-replacement algorithm for DBMS caches.