• 음성과학
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.119-129
• /
• 2001

Language is one aspect of cognition, along with attention and concentration, learning and memory, visuospatial abilities, and executive function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of language intervention by cognitive approach on language expressive performance in a patient with conduction aphasia. This study used several tasks such as Attention and concentration task, visual memory tasks, memory tasks, categorization, divergent thinking, self-monitoring and evaluate thinking. The effects of treatment were evaluated by periodic probing of both trained and untrained familiar words in three tasks; picture naming, answering to questions and telling stories. The results showed improvements both in trained and untrained words. Therefore, we concluded that expressive language performance of this aphasic patient is amenable to this intervention, and that cognitive therapy approach can be useful.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2018

Meta-cognition is the knowledge and cognition of cognitive phenomena, including the control of ones own memory, comprehension, and thought processes. Meta-cognition is similar to self-awareness, which is the understanding of oneself, and affects people's attitudes and behaviors. This study demonstrated the mediating effect of meta-cognition between internal locus of control and self-efficacy. Internal locus of control refers to the steady faith that any outcome is related to one's own efforts. Self-efficacy is a collection of personal strong belief that one individual can achieve his or her own goals. In this study, if a person has a tendency to adopt an internal locus of control, meta-cognition is improved, and self-efficacy can in turn be increased if meta-cognition is improved. This study conducted an empirical analysis through questionnaires conducted on 260 university students. The results of the research demonstrated that there is a highly positive correlation between meta-cognition, control position, and self-efficacy. In addition, this study emphasized that positive meta-cognition with internal locus of control can lead to positive attitudes and behaviors, and positive results.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.688-691
• /
• 2009

The methanol extract of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) has been investigated for its cognition enhancing effects by evaluation of inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase, a degrading enzyme of acetylcholine, a brain neurotransmitter, and ${\beta}$- secretase, which forms the ${\beta}$-amyloid toxic protein from its precursor protein. A passive avoidance task, one of the animal model experiments for learning and memory, was also performed. As a result, the melon extract showed 15.8% and 35.3% inhibition on acetylcholinesterase and ${\beta}$-secretase, respectively, with a final concentration of 100 mg/ml. In the animal model test, melon extract significantly (p<0.05) lengthened the step-through latency time by 22.7% compared to the control group, suggesting that melon extract has, indeed, an effect on cognition enhancement.

• 한국신경인지재활치료학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2018

목적: 본 연구는 스마트기기 애플리케이션 게임을 이용한 인지훈련이 외상성 뇌손상 환자의 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 알고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 종합병원에서 작업치료를 받은 경미한 외상성 뇌손상 환자 17명을 대상으로 진행되었으며, 실험군 9명과 대조군 8명이 두 군으로 할당되었으며, 실험군은 스마트기기 애플리케이션 게임을 이용한 인지훈련과 전통적 인지훈련을 15분씩 실시하였으며, 대조군은 전통적 인지훈련만 30분 수행하였다. 모든 중재는 하루 30분, 주 5회, 4주간 수행하였다. 인지기능은 한국판 간이정신상태검사, Lowenstein 작업치료 인지평가와 시지각 검사(Motor-free Visual Perception Test-3)의 시각 기억 영역 1과 2를 포함하였다. 측정은 중재전과 후에 시행되었다. 결과: 두 군 사이의 변화량 비교에서, 실험군은 대조군보다 시지각 검사의 시각 기억과 한국판 간이정신상태검사의 회상 영역에서 유의한 향상이 있었다(p<.05). 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 스마트기기 애플리케이션 게임을 이용한 인지훈련이 전통적인 인지훈련보다 외상성 뇌손상 환자의 시각 기억력에 긍정적인 변화를 줄 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression status and cognitive function in the community female aged. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Data were collected using individual-based interviews from 120 senior female residents in the Hall for the aged in the city of S. The length of time for data collection was from June 18 to 29, 2007. The tool of data collection was Korean Version of Mini-Mental State Examination (Kwon & Park, 1989), Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale (Bae, 1996). Results: Depression & cognition showed significant differences according to age, regular exercise. The depression group scored significantly lower than the normal group in total score of cognition, orientation, memory recall. Conclusion: It is necessary to prepare the composite programs, which can improve not only cognition but depression in the community female aged.\

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.245-252
• /
• 2024

Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used for prevention and treatment of various diseases as a tonic. Recent scientific cohort studies on life prolongation with ginseng consumption support this record, as those who consumed ginseng for more than 5 years had reduced mortality and cognitive decline compared to those who did not. Clinical studies have also shown that acute or long-term intake of ginseng total extract improves acute working memory performance or cognitive function in healthy individuals and those with subjective memory impairment (SMI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or early Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia who are taking AD medication(s). Ginseng contains various components ranging from classical ginsenosides and polysaccharides to more recently described gintonin. However, it is unclear which ginseng component(s) might be the main candidate that contribute to memory or cognitive improvements or prevent cognitive decline in older individuals. This review describes recent clinical contributors to ginseng components in clinical tests and introduces emerging evidence that ginseng components could be novel candidates for cognitive improvement in older individuals, as ginseng components improve SMI cognition and exhibits add-on effects when coadministered with early AD dementia drugs. The mechanism behind the beneficial effects of ginseng components and how it improves cognition are presented. Additionally, this review shows how ginseng components can contribute to SMI, MCI, or early AD dementia when used as a supplementary food and/or medicine, and proposes a novel combination therapy of current AD medicines with ginseng component(s).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2016

Background: A number of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases share impaired cognition as a common symptom. Therefore, the development of clinically applicable therapies to enhance cognition has yielded significant interest. Previously, we have shown that activation of lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs) via gintonin application potentiates synaptic transmission by the blockade of $K^+$ channels in the mature hippocampus. However, whether gintonin may exert any beneficial impact directly on cognition at the neural circuitry level and the behavioral level has not been investigated. Methods: In the current study, we took advantage of gintonin, a novel LPAR agonist, to investigate the effect of gintonin-mediated LPAR activation on cognitive performances. Hippocampus-dependent fear memory test, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal brain slices, and quantitative analysis on synaptic plasticity-related proteins were used. Results: Daily oral administration of gintonin for 1 wk significantly improved fear memory retention in the contextual fear-conditioning test in mice.We also found that oral administration of gintonin for 1 wk increased the expression of learning and memory-related proteins such as phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding (CREB) protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, prolonged gintonin administration enhanced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that the systemic gintonin administration could successfully improve contextual memory formation at the molecular and synaptic levels as well as the behavioral level. Therefore, oral administration of gintonin may serve as an effective noninvasive, nonsurgical method of enhancing cognitive functions.

• 식품기술
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2009

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.1115-1121
• /
• 2009

For HRI (Human-Robot Interaction) in daily life, robots need to recognize non-rigid objects such as clothes and blankets. However, the recognition of non-rigid objects is challenging because of the variation of the shapes according to the places and laying manners. In this paper, the cognition of non-rigid object based on a cognitive system is presented. The characteristics of non-rigid objects are analysed in the view of HRI and referred to design a framework for the cognition of them. We adopt a linguistic cognitive system for describing all of the events happened to robots. When an event related to the non-rigid objects is occurred, the cognitive system describes the event into a sentential form and stores it at a sentential memory, and depicts the objects with a spatial model for being used as references. The cognitive system parses each sentence syntactically and semantically, in which the nouns meaning objects are connected to their models. For answering the questions of humans, sentences are retrieved by searching temporal information in the sentential memory and by spatial reasoning in a schematic imagery. Experiments show the feasibility of the cognitive system for cognizing non-rigid objects in HRI.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
• /
• 제18D권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

자주 접근되는 데이터에 대해서 빠른 접근을 보장하기 위해 사용되는 임시저장소인 캐쉬는 컴퓨터 시스템 내에서 다양한 계층에 존재하며, 이러한 캐쉬 저장 공간 내에서 효율적으로 데이터를 관리하기 위해 다양한 페이지 교체 알고리즘들이 연구되어 왔다. 대부분의 페이지 교체 알고리즘들은 얼마나 최근에 데이터가 접근 되었는가 또는 얼마나 자주 접근되었는가를 바탕으로 향후 다시 접근될 것 같은 데이터들을 캐쉬 안에 유지하는 휴리스틱 방법을 취하고 있다. 이러한 컴퓨터 내에서의 데이터의 인출 과정은 인간의 기억 인출 과정과 유사하며, 인간의 기억 인출 과정 역시 캐쉬 구조처럼 기억이 얼마나 최근에 그리고 자주 인출되었는가에 의해 그 기억 인출의 확률과 인출속도가 결정된다는 것이 최근 연구에 의해서 밝혀진바 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간의 기억 인출 과정에서의 과거 해당 기억에 대한 인출 기록들의 최근성과 빈도가 인출 확률에 영향을 미치는 관계를 분석하고 이를 페이지 교체 알고리즘에 응용하여 기존의 페이지 교체 알고리즘의 성능을 개선하였다. 또한, 실험을 통해 제안하는 페이지 교체 알고리즘이 기존에 데이터베이스 버퍼 캐쉬에서 가장 좋은 성능을 보이는 것으로 알려진 LRFU보다 파라미터에 민감하지 않고 우수한 성능을 보인다는 것을 입증하였다.