• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.217-234
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• 1997

The purpose of present study is to compare the effect of treatment using $Guidor^{(R)}$ as a barrier membrane in conjunction with platelet-derived growth factor and insulin like growth factors on experimental dehiscence defects. Following the resection of premolar crowns, roots were submerged. After 12 weeks of healing period, experimental dehiscence defects of 4mm in height and 4mm in width were surgically created on the mid-facial aspect of the lower premolar roots in each of 4 adult dogs. After root planning and demineralization of the root surface with citric acid, the control groups received 4% methylcellulose gel only, the test group I received 4% methylcellulose gel and were covered by $Guidor^{(R)}$ and the test group II were treated with PDGF and IGF and 4% methylcellulose gel with $Guidor^{(R)}$ coverage. Histological and histomorphometric analysis following 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results. 1. The new bone formation showed no statistically significant difference in all groups with $0.59{\pm}0.82mm$($14.03{\pm}19.60%$) for control, $0.70{\pm}0.39mm$($16.30{\pm}9.01%$) for group I, $0.87{\pm}0.76mm$($18.74{\pm}16.03%$) for group II. 2. The new cementum formation showed no statistically significant difference in all groups with $0.54{\pm}0.48mm$($l6.38{\pm}14.57%$) for control, $0.95{\pm}0.38mm$($23.43{\pm}9.30%$) for group I, $1.01{\pm}0.75mm$($22.10{\pm}16.ll%$) for gorup II. 3. The root resorption showed statistically significant differences betweenthe control group and all test groups(p<0.05) with $2.11{\pm}0.53mm$($52.93{\pm}12.32%$) for control, $0.63{\pm}0.27mm$($15.32{\pm}7.05%$) for group I, $0.89{\pm}0.33mm$ ($19.26{\pm}7.11%$) for group II. On the bases of these results, there were no statistically difference between treatment using resorbable membrane and resorbable membrane in conjunction with PDGF and IGF in the dehiscence defects, where it was difficult to maintain space. The use of membrane seemed to be more effective in the inhibition of root resorption.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.278-284
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• 2002

To examine the global gene expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes in RAW 264.7 and its differentiated OCLs through the use of Atlas Mouse cDNA Array 2.1 membranes printed with 1176 well-characterized mouse genes involved in biology. Both samples were screened in parallel using cDNA expression arrays. The array results were additionally validated using RT-PCR. The results of cDNA arrays showed that 6 genes were up-regulated >2.5-fold (PKC beta II. POMC, PTEN, etc) and 16 genes were down-regulated >2.5-fold (Osteopontin, Cyclin D1, Cathepsin C, PTMA, etc) in both samples at the mRNA level. RT-PCR analysis of PKC beta II of these differentially expressed genes gave result consistent with cDNA array findings. The result of osteoclastogenesis showed that the PKC beta II gene was overexpressed in OCLs compared with RAW264.7 cell line. Osteoclastogenesis-related genes are differentially expressed in RAW264.7 cell line and its differentiated OCLs. its gene overexpression correlates with osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cell line.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

$Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ hollow fiber with o.d. 1.02 mm and i.d. 0.437 mm were fabricated by a phase-inversion spinning technique.The starting $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ precursor was synthesized by the polymerized complex method and then calcined at $900^{\circ}C$. As-prepared powder was dispersed in a polymer solution, and extruded as form of hollow fiber through a spinneret. Finallydense $Ba_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ hollow fiber membrane was obtained by sintering for 2 h at $1,080^{\circ}C$ for the application of oxygen separation. In addition, despite a very thin membrane with 0.58 mm, the BSCF hollow fiber membrane possessed a proper mechanical strength of 602.5 MPa.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.331-346
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• 2006

Free-end partial dentures, which are supported by teeth surrounded by dental root membranes and elastic mucous membrane tissues, may cause stress to the abutment teeth due to external force imposed on the denture base, increase the mobility of the abutment teeth, and bring about a change in the periodontal tissue. General retainers used in partial dentures are categorized into clasp, attachment, and Konus crown. Stress imposed on the abutment teeth and mobility of the denture base have relations with the lifetime of a crown and abutment teeth, and have direct relations with the chewing ability. Thus, a need arises to make a comparative analysis of stress of the three direct retainers on the abutment teeth and interpret the mobility of the denture base. This study designed three kinds of removable partial dentures (one kind of attachment partial denture, one kind of Konus crown partial denture, and one kind of clasp partial denture), and fabricated Dentiforms of bilateral partial dentures (Kennedy Class I) with lower left 1st premolar and lower right 1st and 2nd premolars being as the abutment teeth. A strain gauge was installed in the mesial and distal surface of the lowerr left 1st premolar (No. 34) of the fabricated dentiform and in the lower part of the denture base, and installed were a clasp partial denture, an attachment partial denture, and a Konus crown partial denture. Then, the vertical static load of 5kgf and 7.5kgf at the occlusion surface of the lower left No. 6 molar was generated for a total of 20 frequencies of load each using a push-full gauge, and thus a change in the output of the strain gauge was measured. With the respective application of Konus crown, attachment and RPI clasp in the free-end partial denture, surveyed was the distribution of stress imposed on the abutment teeth and the denture base according to the location of occlusion force load so as to come up with the following results. 1. Konus crown and attachment partial dentures generated much stress, and more stress on the abutment teeth than RPI clasp dentures did. Attachment dentures tended to further intensify stress on the abutment teeth than Konus crown dentures did. 2. Attachment dentures and Konus dentures imposed less stress on the denture base than RPI clasp dentures did. There was no stress difference between Attachment and Konus crown dentures. 3. Dentures that were designed with the application of retainers using sturdy linkage methods tended to be less mobile.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 1994

Adult emergence period, the calling behavior pattern and the mating ability of female depending on ages, 9day old male's response to sex pheromone released from each 1- to 5-day old female, and the structure and location of sex pheromone gland were obse~edin Ostrinia furnacalis. Adults usually emerged from 1 hour before to 1-2 hours after the beg~nning of scatophase under the 16L/8D photoperiod. And most active calling behavior was obserued for two hours from the 5th to 7th hours of scotophase among 2- and 3-day old females, and 3-day old male' response to 3-day old females was higher than to any other age of females during the 5th-8th hours of scotophase. Mating frequency was higher at the 4th-7th hours after the beginning of scotophase. Among 1. to Cday old females extruding sex pheromone gland, more than 65% of them successfully mated with 2- to 4-day old males. And, 2- or 3-day old females exhuding sex pheromone gland showed an abdiw. over 60%, to mate with each 1--5-day old males. Hypertrophied cell layers, presumed to be a sex pheromone gland of female adults, were located at two intersegmental membranes between the 8th & 9th, and the 9th & 10th abdominal segments.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2006

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare proliferative disease involving synovial membranes. Natural history and etiology of PVNS are not well known. PVNS presents as localized or diffuse tumor like nodular lesion of the synovial lining of the joint and the synovial spaces adjacent to the joints. Though histologically benign, it is a very aggressive lesion, capable of bone destruction and widespread infiltration of surrounding tissues. Standard therapy is surgical resection, but due to the infiltrative growth, the recurrence rate is significantly high. After several relapses surgical treatment of diffuse PVNS becomes difficult and may require amputation of the involved limb. Radiotherapy can provide an effective treatment option for patients with large lesions or lesions which are not suitable for surgery, after incomplete resection to prevent relapses or to avoid amputation. We report 2 cases of diffuse PVNS in the knee joint treated with arthroscopic gross total synovectomy and radiotherapy.

• Clean Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.151-165
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• 2002

In the treatment of the wastewater containing metals($Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Cr^{3+}$) by using batch precipitation and flocculation followed by membrane filtration, permeate flux and removal efficiency were investigated according to by the effect of pH and coagulants, and the type of membranes used and pore size. It was found that it is most effective to use $0.45{\mu}m$-polysulfone membrane and coagulant(PAC) at the conditions of the pH of 10.0~10.5 for the case of copper containing wastewater, $0.1{\mu}m$-PVDF membrane and coagulant(PAC) at the conditions of the pH of 10.0~10.5 for the case of zinc containing wastewater, $0.1{\mu}m$-PVDF membrane and coagulant at the conditions of the pH of 11.0~11.5 for the case of nickel containing wastewater, $0.2{\mu}m$ membrane and coagulant at the conditions of the pH of 8.0~8.5 for the case of chromic containing wastewater, and $0.2{\mu}m{\sim}0.45{\mu}m$ membrane and coagulant at the conditions of the pH of 11.0~11.5 for the case mixture wastewater. The permeate flux could higher as to be used coagulants except for the case of copper containing wastewater.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-89
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• 2002

The effect of addition of inorganic salts in polyethersulfone (PES) polymer solution on the membrane formation and ultrafiltartion performance was studied through the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of casting solution. To control the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of casting solution, various inorganic salts $[CaC1_2, LiCl, LiClO_4, ZnC1_2 $and Mg(ClO_4)_2]$ were added in the PES/NMP solution. Variation of membrane morphology and performance of the resulting membranes with change of the salt type and content added in tasting solution were discussed using viscosity, coagulation value, light transmittance measurement, overall membrane porosity, ultrafiltration experiment and cross-sectional SEM image. For all kind of inorganic salts, according as increase of the salt content in casting solution, viscosity is increased, coagulation value becomes lower, top layer thickness below the skin surface is increased, bovine serum albumin(BSA) rejection decreased and pure water flux is increased except $CaC1_2$ and LiCl. In case of $CaC1_2$ and LiCl, it is found that when the salt content is increased, the formation of macrovoids is suppressed and the precipitation rate becomes slow while instantaneous demixing of precipitation type is maintained. However, in case of $LiClO_4$ and $Mg(ClO_4)_2,$ it is found that precipitation rate becomes faster.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 1997

The development of trachea in fetuses on 60, 90 and 120 days of gestation and neonates of Korean native goats was investigated by microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows; Light microscopic studies: 1. In the 60-day-old fetuses, the tracheal walls were differentiated and divided into four layers of the mucosa, submucosa, muscle and cartilage, and adventitia. The tracheal epithelium is composed of stratified ciliated columnar epithelium at 60- and 90-day-old fetuses while the epithelium observed at 120-day-old fetuses was pseudostraified ciliated colummar epithelium. 2. In the 90-day-old fetuses, tracheal glands extended into the submucosa and peripheral area of the tracheal cartilage. The blood vessels were observed in the submucosa and adventitia. The elastic and collagenous fibers were observed in the tracheal walls. 3. In the neonates, the tracheal walls consisted of mucosa with well-developed folds, submucosa, tracheal glands, muscle and cartilage, collagenous and elastic fibers, and adventitia, which were more developed than those of 120-day-old fetuses. The tracheal epithelium was developed as that in adults. Scanning electron microscopic studies: 4. In the 60-day-old fetuses, most of tracheal epithelial cells were nonciliated but short microvilli were sporadically observed on the luminal surface. On rare occasions, a few cells have solitary cilium. 5. In the 90-day-old fetuses, the ciliated cells appeared increasingly and cilia elongated longer than those of 60-day-old fetuses. 6. In the 120-day-old fetuses, the nonciliated cells covered with microvilli in dome-shape were barriered by thick carpet of cilia. The nonciliated cells also have many papillary projectons on the apical surface. 7. In the neonates, the nonciliated cells in tracheal epithelium were covered compactly with numerous cilia, and many secretory droplets were found on the cilia. Transmission electron microscopic studies: 8. In the 60-day-old fetuses, nonciliated cells of the tracheal epithelium contain large amounts of glycogen granules in the supernuclear and subnuclear areas meanwhile a few cell organelles were formed. Cilia were well formed along the apical cell membranes of the ciliated cells. Also found in the ciliated cells were basal corpuscles, mitochondria and short chains in granular endoplasmic reticulum(GER). Between the epithelial cells presented were well-defined junctional complex with zonula occludens and desmosomes. The nuclei were variable in size and shape. The more developed nucleoli were observed conspicuosly. 9. In the 90-day-old fetuses, nonciliated cells contained large glycogen granules. Accumulated glycogen granules were observed in the subnuclear and supranuclear portion of the cytoplasm. A few short microvilli were covered with glycocalyx. Ciliated cells contained numerous mitochondria and short chains of GER. 10. In the 120-day-old fetuses, the ciliated cells contained numerous mitochondria, abundant short chains of GER and nucleoli. Nonciliated cells contained some Golgi complex and mitochondria. The cell borders were well-defined and distinct junctional complex with zonula occludens, desmosomes, and interdigitorum. 11. In the neonates, well-developed goblet cells were observed in the tracheal epithelium. Ultrastructures of ciliated and nonciliated cells on the tracheal epithelia were similar in pattern as those in adults.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2008

Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes for removal of particulate materials (i.e., turbidity, microorganisms and viruses) have been used to produce drinking water with higher quality. As membrane filtration technique has become widely applied for drinking water treatment, the importance of membrane integrity test (MIT) has also been increasingly emphasized. The results of pressure decay test (PDT) were presented in the paper to monitor membrane integrity. In this paper the PDT was carried out with deliberately-defected membrane fibers to evaluate the sensitivity of PDT on membrane fiber damage. Variation of pressure decay rate and removal rate were investigated to evaluate the impact of defection (defection ratio) and pore size of membrane. The membrane integrity could be successfully monitored by the PDT. The pressure decay rate varied from $0.002{\sim}0.189kg_f/cm^2hr$ with the initial pressure ranged from 0.2 to $1.0kg_f/cm^2hr$. Higher initial pressure which provided with higher pressure decay rate was preferred to evaluate the defection of membrane fiber. As for the particle removal rate, the Log Removal Rate (LRV) of kaolin solution decreased significantly from 3.78 to 2.31 when one fiber out of 3,200 fibers was cut. The membranes with different pore size were tested to evaluate virus removal efficiency. The virus removal rate of the MF membrane ($0.1{\mu}m$) was about 30% although the poliovirus was smaller than the pore size of the MF membrane, indicating that the removal rate was much lower than Korea Water Works Association (KWWA) certificate LRV of 1.5.