• 환경생물
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2000

얼룩동사리의 자연서식지 및 산란조건을 관찰한 바 수심은 0.3-0.6m범위, 유속은 0.1-0.3m/sec, 난괴의 정착면적은 2.75-19.56cm였다. 난소의 성숙도는 체장 80mm 이상에서 점점 증가하며 100mm 정도 되어서는 최고의 성숙도를 보였다. 또한 산란행동은 인공수조에서 수컷이 산란장소를 마련한 후 강한 세력권을 형성하고, 암컷을 유인한 후 방란 촉진 구애행동을 보였다. 그리고 난 후 배를 거꾸로 뒤집은 자세로 방란 방정을 마친 후 암컷을 쫓아냈으며 가슴지느러미를 이용하여 수류를 일으킴으로써 알에 신선한 물을 공급하였다. 난발생과정은 수정 후 1시간 17분에 배반이 형성되고 이후 약 36분의 간격으로 난할이 규칙적으로 일어났으며 7시간 12분에 포배기, 11시간 11분에 낭배기가 시작, 32시간 48분에 난황전을 형성하였다. 수정 후 33시간 45분에 배체가 형성되었고, 47시간 27분에 안포가 형성되며 체절은 30-31개가 되었다. 65시간 15분에 심장의 원기가 형성되고 박동수는 44-48time/min이 되었다. 수정 후 138시간 40분에 가슴지느러미가 형성되었고, 170시간 45분에 부레의 형성과 자어의 몸통 하단에 흑색소포가 관찰되었다. 수정후 248시간 05분에 난각을 뚫고 부화하였으며 이때 자어의 전장은 5.8$\pm$0.2mm, 무게는 3.0$\pm$0.5mg이었다. 몸은 투명하며 흑색소포가 산재하여 있었고 난황이 남아 있었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2011

미꾸리과 (Cobitidae)에 속하는 한국 고유종인 수수미꾸리 Kichulchoia multifasciata 생식세포들의 형태학적 특징을 연구하기 위해 조직학적 방법으로 난소 내의 난세포 및 난막의 구조를 광학현미경과 전자현미경을 이용하여 조사하였다. 2010년 11월 수수미꾸리의 난소에는 다양한 발생단계의 생식세포들을 가지고 있었다. 난원세포의 핵은 평균 $42.9{\pm}6.9$ (31.1~50.3) ${\mu}m$이며, 세포 크기는 평균 $103.9{\pm}24.7$ (69.8~130.1) ${\mu}m$로 나타났다. 핵 내 에는 인이 산재하였으며, 전체적으로 hematoxylin에 강하게 염색되었다. 제1난모세포의 핵은 난원세포의 핵보다 커졌으며, 핵 내 의 인들이 핵막 인근으로 이동하여 분포하였고 세포는 평균 $277.5{\pm}60.5$ (216.7~354.9) ${\mu}m$였다. 제1난모세포 성숙 초기에는 세포질에 난황포를 형성하기 시작하였으며 이후 난막의 방사대가 형성되기 시작하였다. 성숙단계가 진행될수록 평균 $617.6{\pm}85.1$ (503.4~723.6) ${\mu}m$의 크기에 제2난모세포가 발달하였고 핵막과 인을 제외한 부분이 호염성 염색물질인 eosin에 강하게 염색되었다. 또한 세포질의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 난황포에는 난황구가 축적되기 시작하였으며 일부 난황괴가 형성되고 있었다. 한편 난막에는 미세융모가 관통하는 방사대와 외측의 미세융모가 확 인되었다. 2011년 3월 수수미꾸리의 수정난을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 난막의 표면에는 2~3 ${\mu}m$의 미세융모가 분포하였으며 외경이 크고 내경이 작아지는 깔대기 모양의 난문이 관찰되었다. 난문 주변의 미세융모는 평균 $5.26{\pm}1.22$ (6.79~3.39) ${\mu}m$로 난막 표면의 미세융모 보다 긴 것으로 확인되었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1982

In order to define the morphological changes of the secreting cells of prothoracic gland during larva-pupal molt, ultrastructural observations were carried out using Bombyx mori L. as the experimental material. At first stage of present experiment, 4 day old 5th instar larva, the polyhedral secreting cells were centrally located in the prothoracic gland surrounded by the connective sheath. The secreting cells were attached to the neighboring cells by the prominent desmosomes, and the plasma membrane contacted with connective sheath were highly infolded. In cytoplasm, the most of the cell organelles, such as rod-like mitochondria, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome were developed. As the stages advance from larva to pupa, general feature of the secreting cells were retained, but structural changes of the various cytoplasmic organelles-ribosome, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lamellar body, and vesicle-were noted. In the perinuclear cytoplasm of the secreting cells at the stage of 6 day old 5th instar larva, it is peculiar that only a large amount of ribosomes were distributed and the other organelles were retreated from the juxtanuclear region. Just before and after spining cocoon, these features were more remarkable. Rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were gradually increased from the stage just before spining cocoon to the pharate pupa. Rod-like mitochondria with irregular cristae and the matrix showing low density were distributed throughout the cytoplasm in the secreting cells of the 4 day old 5th instar larva. Sometimes, longitudinally distended and curved mitochondria were observed. At the stage of pharate pupa, most of mitochondria were deformed. The rod-like mitochondria of the secreting cells of pupal prothoracic gland were narrower than those of 4 day old 5th instar larva, and the electron density of the mitochondrial matrix is increased in pupa. Golgi apparatus were a few in number in both stages, last instar larva and spining cocoon. In stages of the pharate pupa, the Golgi apparatus were frequently observed. Cytoplasmic vesicles were observed for the first time in the secreting cells of one day after spining cocoon, and the number and the size of cytoplasmic vesicles were distinctly increased inpharate pupa and just after pupation. In the secretory cells of the PG, it in concluded that the RER was closely related to syntheting the enzymes seem to produce the ecdysone.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1981

도룡뇽 배부피부의 색소세포를 전자현미경으로 관찰한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 표피의 색소세포는 종자층 사이에 있는 흑색소세포와 각질세포층에 산재해 있는 흑색 소보유세포로 구성되었으며 표피내 이들 세포의 특징은 다음과 같다. A. 흑색소세포의 핵은 원형 또는 타원형이며, 부분적으로 크고 작은 핵막함요를 나타내었다. B. Rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum과 Golgi체가 특히 흑색소세포의 핵 아래부분의 세포질에 잘 발달되었으며, ribosome은 특히 핵 주변부와 인접하여 산재해 있었다. C. 흑색소세포의 흑색소과립은 전자밀도가 높고 낮은 원형 또는 타원형으로 나타났다. D. 흑색소보유세포의 핵은 일부분의 핵막이 깊게 함입하였으며, 흑색소과립이 세포질에 채워져 있으므로 다른 세포소기관은 구별되지 않았다. 2. 진피는 기저막 바로 밑의 대황세포와 흑색소보유세포로 구성되었으며, 전피내 이들 세포의 특징은 다음과 같다. A. 대황세포는 크기가 다른 원형 또는 타원형의 소낭을 가지고 있으며, 그 소낭은 6가지의 형으로 구분되었다. (제 1형 prerinosome, 제 2형 pterinosome, 제 3형, pterinosome, 제 4 형 pterinosome, 제 5 형 pterinosome, 제 6 형 pterinosome). B. 진피의 흑색소보유세포의 핵은 긴 타원형이며, 핵막의 일부분이 깊게 함입되었다. C. 같은 전자밀도의 흑색소과립이 흑색소보유세포의 전 세포질에 채워져 있으며, 다른 세포소기관은 관찰되지 않았다. D. 흑색소보유세포의 돌기는 대황세포와 평행하여 뻗어 있었으며, 그 돌기속에는 흑색소과립이 채워져 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2012

The structures of the intact synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMVs) isolated from bovine cerebral cortexs, and the outer and the inner monolayer separately, were evaluated with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) as fluorescent reporters and trinitrophenyl groups as quenching agents. The methanol increased bulk rotational and lateral mobilities of SPMVs lipid bilayers. The methanol increased the rotational and lateral mobilities of the outer monolayers more than of the inner monolayers. n-(9-Anthroyloxy)stearic acid (n-AS) were used to evaluate the effect of the methanol on the rotational mobility at the 16, 12, 9, 6, and 2 position of aliphatic chains present in phospholipids of the SPMVs outer monolayers. The methanol decreased the anisotropy of the 16-(9-anthroyloxy)palmitic acid (16-AP), 12-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (12-AS), 9-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (9-AS), and 6-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (6-AS) in the SPMVs outer monolayer but it increased the anisotropy of 2-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (2-AS) in the monolayers. The magnitude of the increased rotational mobility by the methanol was in the order at the position of 16, 12, 9, and 6 of aliphatic chains in phospholipids of the outer monolayers. Furthermore, the methanol increased annular lipid fluidity and also caused membrane proteins to cluster. The important finding is that was far greater increase by methanol in annular lipid fluidity than increase in lateral and rotational mobilities by the methanol. Methanol alters the stereo or dynamics of the proteins in the lipid bilayers by combining with lipids, especially with the annular lipids. In conclusion, the present data suggest that methanol, in additions to its direct interaction with proteins, concurrently interacts with membrane lipids, fluidizing the membrane, and thus inducing conformational changes of proteins known to be intimately associated with membranes lipids.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 1983

The hyalinized zone in compressed periodontal ligament seems to be an unavoidable aspect during certain phases of orthodontically produced tooth movement. And these hyalinized zones leads to a standstill of tooth movement. But when hyalinized zones disappears after a certain period of time and tooth movement is established. In the basic aspect of clinical science of orthodontics, it is very important, to study about the process involved and to establish whether a difference of periodontal response by the amount of the applied experimental force exists. The 35 Guineapigs were divided into the control group (5 animals) and the experimental group (Group I-Group VI 30 animals). The experimental tooth movement of Guineapig's maxillary incisors were carried out by rendering continuous force, 5g (Group I, Group II) 35g (Group III, Group IV), 100g (Group V, Group VI) respectively. 15 animals (Group I, Group III, Group V) were sacrificed one week after this experiment. Another 15 animals (Group II, Group IV, Group VI) were sacrificed one week after the removal of active appliences. At the end of the experimental periods, specimens containing tooth and adjacent periodontal structure were obtained and processed for light and electron microscopy. The results were as follows: 1. In Group I, cellular changes of pressured zones showed swollen mitochondria, dilation of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER), vesicles and pyknosis of nucleus. 2. In Group III and Group V, the hyalinized tissues showed cell necrosis accompaning ruptures of cytoplasmic membrane and perinuclear envelope, large cytoplasmic vacuoles and many necrotic cell debris. 3. In Group IV and Group VI, hyalinized tissue were eliminated and the primitive mesenchymal cells and blood capillaries were proliferated. 4. In group V, the destruction of the collagenous fibers were observed, while in group I and group III were not observed. 5. In Croup IV and Group VI, the hyalinized zones were still remained partly.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.105-119
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• 1990

In order to know the morphological characteristics and changes according to the developmental stage, the comparative observations have been studied by light and electron microscope on the midgut(gastric caecum, stomach) of the grasshopper(Oxya sinuosa Mistshenko). The results obtained are summarized as follow : In light microscopic level, the cuboidal shaped cells of the gastric caecum in the 5th instar nymph are differentiated the columnar epithelium in the adult. A number of pigment granules are appeared in the gastric caecum of the 5th instar nymph, however the pigment granules were absent in the adult. Indistinct or undifferentiated folds of the epithelial layer were appeared in the 5th instar nymph, whereas the well-developed folds were appeared the gastric caecum in the adult. The well-developed muscular layers are seen in the 5th instar numph, however in the adult the muscular layers are appeared thin or a few layers. In electron microscopic level, in the midgut epithelium, a number of well-developed rER, a few lipid droplets, multi vesicular bodies, small vesicles and glycogen granules were found. Two types of the pigment granules in the gastric caecum of the 5th instar nymph were appeared, whereas the whorl-membrane, a few secretory granules and one type of the gastro-entero-endocrine cell were found in the adult midgut. The light and dark cells could be distinguished in the stomach epithelim of the 5th instar nymph.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2000

Using fluorescence probes, 2-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid (2- AS) and 12-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid (12-AS), we determined the differential effects of local anesthetics (tetracaine-HCI, bupivacaine-HCI, lidocaine-HCI, prilocaine-HCI and procaine-HCI) on the differential rotational rate between the surface (in carbon number 2 and its surroundings including the head group) and the hydrocarbon interior (in carbon number 12 and its surroundings) of the outer monolayer of the total phospholipid fraction liposome that is extracted from synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles. The anisotropy (r) values for the hydrocarbon interior and the surface region of the liposome outer monolayer were$0.051{\pm}0.001$ and $0.096{\pm}0.001,$ respectively. This means that the rate of rotational mobility in the hydrocarbon interior is faster than that of the surface region. Local anesthetics in a dosedependent manner decreased the anisotropy of 12-AS in the hydrocarbon interior of the liposome outer monolayer, but increased the anisotropy of 2-AS in the surface region of the monolayer. These results indicate that local anesthetics have significant disordering effects on the hydrocarbon interior, but have significant ordering effects on the surface region of the liposome outer monolayer.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 1998

This study was designed to determine biochemical and pharmacological properties of a newly synthesized benzimidazole derivative, 2-amino-4, 5-dihydropyrido [1, 2-a] thiazolo [5, 4-g] benzimidazole (YJA20379-5) in vitro and in vivo. In the leaky membrane vesicles of pig gastric mucosa, YJA20379-5 inhibited the $K^+$-stimulated $H^+$, $K^+$-ATPase activity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with $IC_{50}$ values being $43{\mu}\textrm{M}$ and $43{\mu}\textrm{M}$ at pH 6.4 and 7.4, respectively. YJA20379-5, given intraduodenally, had a potent inhibitory effect on the gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. The $ED_{50}$ value for acid secretion was 15.4 mg/kg. YJA20379-5, administered orally, also suppressed gastric damages induced by water-immersion stress, indomethacin and ethanol, and duodenal damage induced by mepirizole in rats; the $ED_{50}$ values were 17.6, 4.7, 3.0 and 18.7 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of YJA20379-5 accelerated the spontaneous healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. It is concluded that the a-ntisecretory activity of YJA20379-5 appears to be associated with inhibition of $H^+$, $K^+$-ATPase, while its antigastric and antiduodenal lesion activities are primarily related to the antisecretory effect.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.143-153
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• 1992

한국산 왕벚나무(Prunus yedoensis Matsumura) 화외밀선의 미세구조 및 당액 분비기작을 규명하기 위하여 광학현미경, 주사형 및 투과형 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 밀선은 secretory layer와 subsecretory layer로 구성되어 있었으며 엽병의 유관속은 subsecretory layer에 있는 유관속과 연결되어 있었다. Secretory cell에서는 cristae가 잘 발달되지 않은 다수의 mitochonidria가 관찰되었으나 소포체는 소수 나타났고 골지체가 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 색소체는 thylakoid가 거의 발달되지 않았으며, 소수가 관찰되었고 $0.2-0.3\;\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기의 소포를 특징적으로 갖고 있었다. subsecretory cell에서는 원형질 연락사가 잘 발달해 있었고 다수의 Calcium oxalate 결정이 관찰되었는데 이는 당투과에 간접적으로 관여하는 것 같다. 당액 전구물질은 사부에서 subsecretory layer를 거쳐 secretory layer까지 이동하는 것을 원형질 연락사를 통한 symplastic transport에 의하여 일어나는 것으로 생각되며 secretory layer에서 당액으로 재합성되어 외부로 배출되는 것 같다. Secertory cell의 맨 바깥쪽 세포벽은 cuticle 에 의하여 덮여 있었으며 secretory cell에서 당액은 원형질막, 세포벽, cuticle을 차례로 통과하는 누출상 분비(eccrine secretion)에 의하여 분비되는 것으로 사료된다.