• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.78-91
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• 1997

Peroxisome is a single membrane-bounded organelle found in hepatic parenchymal cells and kidney tubular epithelial cells. A number of enzymes exist in peroxisome contributing to anabolic and catabolic peroxisomal functions. Extramitochontriai $\beta$-oxidation of fatty acid is a major function of peroxisome. Peroxisomes can be proliferated by many structually unrelated compounds such as hypolipidemic drugs, plasticizers, pesticides, some pharmaceutical agents and high fat diet. These chemicals, called peroxisome proliferators, act via the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, to induce peroxisome proliferation, hepatomegaly and hepatocellular carcinoma in rodent. The clear mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatocarcinogenesis have been not demonstrated. Since they are not genotoxic, biochemical changes or changes in gene expressions may be involved. A free radical theory has been suggested based on the finding of oxidative damages of macromolecules by hydrogen peroxide released in the peroxisomal $\beta$-oxidation of fatty acid. Increased cell proliferation by a peroxisome proliferator has been also thought to be an important factor in the hepatocarcinogenesis as suggested in other cases of nongenotoxic carcinogenesis. The alternation of eicosanoid concentrations by peroxisome proliferators may be important in the peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatocarcinogenesis since peroxisome proliferators decrease the concentration of eicosanoids, and the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate-eicosanoid combination is comitogenic and costimulates some mitogenic signals in hepatocytes. All of proposed mechanisms should be considered in the peroxisome prolifrator-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.855-859
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• 2004

We develop a new four-node flat shell element which is accurate, efficient, and suitable to be used on general purpose. The new element has a hybrid Trefftz element with drilling degrees of freedom as a membrane part. We define the two independent displacement field: the internal displacement field that satisfies governing equations in the domain a priori and the boundary displacement field that is usually used as a conventional finite element method. The hybrid Trefftz variational formulation connects these two displacement fields on the boundary of the domain. To add drilling degrees of freedom, we introduce the Allman's quadratic displacement field to the boundary displacement field. As a result, our flat shell element has 6 degrees of freedom per a node. We also use the well-known DKMQ plate bending element for the plate part of the proposed element. The DKMQ element satisfies Mindlin-Reissner‘s plate theory along the edge of the element and gives proper behavior regardless of the thickness. A series of numerical experiments shows that the performance of the new element such as accuracy, rate of convergence, robustness to mesh quality, and so on.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.562-570
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• 2010

뉴런에서 외부 자극을 받아 전위가 활성화되어 축삭을 따라 전도되는 현상은 전기적인 반응형태와 동일하다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 전기회로의 개념을 도입하여 이러한 흥분전도현상을 해석하고자 하였다. 우선 축삭의 복잡한 전기적인 현상을 해석한 후 그 다음에 현실적으로 합리적이라 할 수 있는 가정 하에 단순화시킨 회로를 구성하였다. 전기공학적인 이론과 수학적인 개념을 도입하여 이 회로를 이용한 흥분전위의 전도현상을 유도하였다. 이 결과를 검증하기 위해 그동안 일반적으로 제시되었던 인체의 생리적, 전기적으로 대표할 수 있는 값들을 이용하여 어느 한 부위의 전위를 계산한 후 이것이 인근의 세포를 흥분시켜 다시 전도되는 현상을 확인하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.735-755
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• 2011

The capability of a multi-directional fixed smeared crack constitutive model to simulate the flexural/punching failure modes of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) laminar structures is discussed. The constitutive model is implemented in a computer program based on the finite element method, where the FRC laminar structures were simulated according to the Reissner-Mindlin shell theory. The shell is discretized into layers for the simulation of the membrane, bending and out-of-plane shear nonlinear behavior. A stress-strain softening diagram is proposed to reproduce, after crack initiation, the evolution of the normal crack component. The in-plane shear crack component is obtained using the concept of shear retention factor, defined by a crack-strain dependent law. To capture the punching failure mode, a softening diagram is proposed to simulate the decrease of the out-of-plane shear stress components with the increase of the corresponding shear strain components, after crack initiation. With this relatively simple approach, accurate predictions of the behavior of FRC structures failing in bending and in shear can be obtained. To assess the predictive performance of the model, a punching experimental test of a module of a façade panel fabricated with steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete is numerically simulated. The influence of some parameters defining the softening diagrams is discussed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1043-1049
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 Navier 방법을 이용한 점진기능재료 판의 정적 응답과 고유진동수 그리고 좌굴하중을 연구하였다. S 형상 함수를 이용한 세라믹과 금속의 체적요소의 변화에 따른 점진기능재료 판의 고유치 문제를 연구하였다. 점진기능재료 판의 면내 강성, 휨 강성 및 전단 강성의 수식은 등질 요소보다 복잡한 재료의 성질들로 결합되어 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 검증하기 위해 고전적 이론에 의한 직사각형 판의 결과를 제시하였다. 적층복합 구조 및 S 형상 점진기능재료 구조의 다양한 예제를 제시하였다. 해석결과는 참고문헌의 결고들과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.281-301
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• 2004

The paper begins by presenting a unified variational approach to the lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) analysis of doubly symmetric prismatic and tapered thin-walled beams with open cross-sections, which accounts for the influence of the pre-buckling deflections. This approach (i) extends the kinematical assumptions usually adopted for prismatic beams, (ii) consistently uses shell membrane theory in general coordinates and (iii) adopts Trefftz's criterion to perform the bifurcation analysis. The proposed formulation is then applied to investigate the influence of the pre-buckling deflections on the LTB behaviour of prismatic and web-tapered I-section simply supported beams and cantilevers. After establishing an interesting analytical result, valid for prismatic members with shear centre loading, several elastic critical moments/loads are presented, discussed and, when possible, also compared with values reported in the literature. These numerical results, which are obtained by means of the Rayleigh-Ritz method, (i) highlight the qualitative differences existing between the LTB behaviours of simply supported beams and cantilevers and (ii) illustrate how the influence of the pre-buckling deflections on LTB is affected by a number of factors, namely ($ii_1$) the minor-to-major inertia ratio, ($ii_2$) the beam length, ($ii_3$) the location of the load point of application and ($ii_4$) the bending moment diagram shape.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.111-130
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• 2016

Two new elements with six degrees of freedom are proposed by applying the equilibrium conditions and strain-displacement equations. The first element is formulated for the infinite ratio of beam radius to thickness. In the second one, theory of the thick beam is used. Advantage of these elements is that by utilizing only one element, the exact solution will be obtained. Due to incorporating equilibrium conditions in the presented formulations, both proposed elements gave the precise internal forces. By solving some numerical tests, the high performance of the recommended formulations and also, interaction effects of the bending and axial forces will be demonstrated. While the second element has less error than the first one in thick regimes, the first element can be used for all regimes due to simplicity and good convergence. Based on static responses, it can be deduced that the first element is efficient for all the range of structural characteristics. The free vibration analysis will be performed using the first element. The results of static and dynamic tests show no deficiency, such as, shear and membrane locking and excessive stiff structural behavior.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2008

쉘형 구조물은 외력에 대해 효과적으로 저항할 수 있어, 두께를 얇게하면서 대공간 구조물을 만들 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이러한 장점은 구조형태에 크게 의존한다. 그러므로 많은 설계자들은 최적 형태를 설계에 반영하고자 하지만, 이는 간단치 않다. 지금까지 보다 최적의 형태를 얻기 위한 많은 기법들이 발표되어 왔고, 이들은 각각 장단점을 나타낸다. 본 논문에서는 최적의 곡면을 얻기 위해 기하학적 비선형을 고려한 유한요소법을 이용한 비교적 간단한 방법을 제안한다. 이러한 방법을 이용하여 다양한 쉘형 곡면에 적용하여 최적곡면을 얻고, 이를 비교한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2005

In this work, the multiple dynamic absorber( MDA ) is introduced to reduce several vibration modes of shadow mask simultaneously and its design method is developed from the theory of the simple dynamic absorber. When designing the dynamic absorber, there are three significant design parameters such as mass, damping ratio and tuning frequency. Therefore the sensitivity analysis for those parameters has been executed in order to find out the design criteria of multiple dynamic absorber using the finite element model of shadow mask. The multiple dynamic absorber(MDA) designed by the proposed method is tested theoretically and experimentally to estimate the efficiency of vibration reduction. From the results, it is verified that the method is feasible to apply the system having the multiple nitration modes and more efficient than the thin wire-type damper used commercially to reduce the vibration of shadow mask.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.435-459
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• 2015

Parametric resonance of shear deformable composite skew plates subjected to non-uniform (parabolic) and linearly varying periodic edge loading is studied for different boundary conditions. The skew plate structural model is based on higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT), which accurately predicts the numerical results for thick skew plate. The total energy functional is derived for the skew plates from total potential energy and kinetic energy of the plate. The strain energy which is the part of total potential energy contains membrane energy, bending energy, additional bending energy due to additional change in curvature and shear energy due to shear deformation, respectively. The total energy functional is solved using Rayleigh-Ritz method in conjunction with boundary characteristics orthonormal polynomials (BCOPs) functions. The orthonormal polynomials are generated for unit square domain using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process. Bolotin method is followed to obtain the boundaries of parametric resonance region with higher order approximation. These boundaries are traced by the periodic solution of Mathieu-Hill equations with period T and 2T. Effect of various parameters like skew angle, span-to-thickness ratio, aspect ratio, boundary conditions, static load factor on parametric resonance of skew plate have been investigated. The investigation also includes influence of different types of linearly varying loading and parabolically varying bi-axial loading.