• 멤브레인
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.329-338
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서는 4종류의 관형 세라믹 정밀 및 한외여과막(탄소 재질)으로 제지공장의 방류수를 물로 주기적 역세척하면서 여과하였을 때, 최적 역세척 시간을 규명하였다. 각 분리막에 대상으로 물 역세척 시간의 영향을 살펴 본 결과, 분리막의 기공이 클수록 길게 역세척 하는 것이 가장 많은 총여과부피, 즉 처리수의 회수 효율이 높기 때문에 가장 효과적이라 할 수 있다. 한편, 180분 동안 여과하면서 초기투과선속에 대한 투과선속의 변화를 살펴본 결과, 정상운전시간이 길수록 막오염이 많이 진행된 상태이므로 역세척 시간을 길게 해주여야만 막오염을 억제하여 높은 투과선속을 유지할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 막오염의 저항 변화 추이를 관찰하여 최적 물역세척 시간을 규명해 보아도, 투과선속의 변화로부터 얻은 최적 역세척 시간과 거의 동일한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
• /
• pp.338-341
• /
• 2000

An internal membrane bioreactor system was employed for continuous succinic ac id production from glucose in order to prove its performance and practicality. Succinic acid-producing Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens required more $CO_2$ for the proper growth and succinic acid production in cell recycled continuous culture than in batch culture. The maximum productivity obtained in cell recycled continuous culture was about 3.3 g/L-h which was ca. 3.3 times higher than that obtained in batch culture.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.577-583
• /
• 2007

It is important to obtain semen with good quality for efficient fertilization and pregnancy. To obtain these semen, various methods have been developed but most of these methods are time consuming and require costly equipment. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the usability of column filtration system as quick and simple method to get sperm with better quality. Ejaculates were obtained from 5 dogs and analyzed with basic quality parameters before each filtration. Sperm concentration was adjusted to $5{\times}10^7/ml$ after dilution. The experimental groups were divided into non-filtered group(control) and filtered groups(glass wool, Sephadex 5% and Sephadex 20%). Ejaculates were filtered through each filter system and assessed by recovery rate of sperm, motility, normal morphology, CFDA/PI stain and plasma membrane integrity(hypo-osmotic swelling test, HOST). The lowest recovery rate of spermatozoa was recorded in glass wool filtration group, followed by 20% Sephadex filtration group(p<0.05). There was no significant difference between control(non-filtered) and 5% Sephadex filtration poop. Also, there was no significant difference of sperm motility assessed under light microscope among experimental groups. Morphological normality of canine spermatozoa was the highest in the glass wool filtration group and the lowest in the 5% Sephadex filtration group with no significant differences versus 20% Sephadex filtration and control group, respectively(p<0.05). Viability of canine sperm assessed by CFCA/PI staining was the highest in the glass wool filtration poop with no significant difference versus the control group, and the lowest in the 20% Sephadex filtration group with no significant difference versus 5% Sephadex filtration group, respectively(p<0.05). HOS values of canine sperm was the highest in the 20% Sephadex filtration group with no significant difference versus 5% Sephadex filtration group, and the lowest in the control poop with no significant difference versus glass wool filtration group, respectively(p<0.05). Therefore, these results indicated that filtration treatment for extended canine sperm would be useful method to get sperm with better quality by trapping the damaged sperm, consequently filter would be physical barrier against injured or immotile sperm.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2008

Purposes of this study were to evaluate operational performance of submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) combined with periodic chemical backwash. Five lab-scale submerged MBRs were performed in accordance with NaOH dose, backwash solution volume. While filtration resistance of MBR system without backwash (Control) was increased persistently from startup, those of four MBR systems (RUN 1-4) with chemical backwash were maintained at $(1.4{\pm}0.16){\times}10^{12}$, $(8.6{\pm}0.90){\times}10^{11}$, $(1.9{\pm}0.10){\times}10^{12}$, $(1.4{\pm}0.10){\times}10^{12}l/m$, respectively. Under chemical backwash condition of 0.0230 M, 375 mL, permeability of membrane was highest at flux of $30L/m^2/hr$. According to results from experiment that changing condition of dose and volume, it was estimated that effect of chemical dose acts more greatly than backwash solution volume. Because COD removal rates of all MBR systems with chemical backwash were more than 96%, it was proved that NaOH added to backwash solution did not affect microorganism.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.333-337
• /
• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 해수담수화 과정 중 생기는 농축수(Concentrated seawater)에서 염소이온은 제거하고 유용미네랄인 마그네슘, 칼슘은 잔존시키는 수질조정 기술로 고경도 농축수 제조 공정 개발에 있다. 기존의 고경도 농축수를 생산하는 일반적인 방법으로 증발법을 사용하고 있는 실정이다. 증발법은 에너지 소비량이 큰 단점을 가지고 있어, 본 연구에서는 에너지 소비량을 줄일 수 있는 막여과법을 사용하여 고경도 농축수를 제조하였다. 연구에 사용한 막은 나노여과막으로서, 제품의 사양, 농축 차수, 압력 등의 인자에 따라 고경도 농축수를 다양하게 만들 수 있었다. 본 연구의 실험 결과로 나노여과 막을 이용하여 고경도 농축수를 제조한 실험 결과, 압력은 15 bar~20 bar, 농축차수는 2차~3차에서의 결과 값이 경제성 등을 고려하였을 때 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험을 통하여 나노여과막을 이용한 고경도 농축수 제조에 경제적인 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료되어진다.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2001

Conventional membrane systems was difficult to treatment for pulp and paper mills waste warter. Technological advances in membrane filtration systems have created opportunity for pulp and paper mills to treat effluent streams in order to meet stricter environmental constraints. "Vibratory Shear Enhanced Processing(VSEP)" developed by new logic international makes if possible to filter effluent streams without the fouling problems exhibited by conventional membrane systems. Various kinds of waste water occurred to and paper mills experiment with "VSEP" set up conventional membrane. The results were as followes : Excepting ultra filter($0.1{\mu}\textrm{m}$ Teflon, C-100, G-50), Nano filter(NTR-7450, DS-5, PVD-1) and reverse osmosis(ACM-4) was treated with very excellent weight of treatment, electric conductivity, removal COD, TDS, turbidity.

• 청정기술
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2002

분획분자량이 50,000인 acrylonitrile과 vinyl chloride의 공중합체 재질의 한외여과막(KOCH Membrane System, HF1-45-CM50)과 분획분자량이 100,000인 polysulfone 한외여과막(KOCH Membrane System, HF1-43-CM100)을 사용하여 순수에 3% 농도로 희석한 수용성 합성 절삭유의 투과특성을 연구하였다. 친수성 분리막인 HF1-45-CM50은 합성 절삭유의 투과실험에서 높은 투과유속과 오일성분 투과율을 보였으나 소수성 분리막인 HF1-43-CM100의 경우에는 오일 투과율은 HF1-45-CM50과 유사하였으나 투과유속은 훨씬 저하되었는데 이는 합성 절삭유가 소수성 막의 표면을 쉽게 적셔서 친수성 막에 비해 더 심한 막오염을 유발시킨다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 분리막 재질의 특성이 합성 절삭유의 투과특성에 미치는 영향이 분리막의 평균 기공크기의 영향보다 훨씬 더 크다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 막오염을 감소시키기 위해 질소에 의한 역세척 실험을 수행한 결과 역세척 효과가 친수성 분리막에서는 뚜렷이 나타났으나 소수성 분리막의 경우에는 오히려 투과유속의 감소를 초래하였다. 폐합성 절삭유에 의해 오염된 분리막의 세척실험에서는 세척용액에 분리막을 72시간 이상 침지시킨 후 역세척을 수행할때 가장 높은 투과유속의 회복율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.503-514
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 잔류함으로써 문제를 일으킬 수 있는 응집제를 사용하지 않고 물리적인 처리만을 사용하는 막여과 정수처리의 전처리로 F/A 공정을 구성하고자 하였고 이를 구성하는 여재의 성능을 연구하였다. 특히, 탁질 물질과 유기물 제거가 가능한 것으로 알려진 Filtralite의 도입 가능성을 검토하였다. Filtralite의 탁도 제거효율은 원수대비 83~84%로 여과사와 비슷한 결과 값을 나타내었으며 여재표면에 잘 발달된 공극 때문에 유기물 제거능은 여과사보다 50% 더 높게 나타났다. 따라서 F/A 공정을 구성함에 있어 여과사보다 Filtralite가 더 효율적이라 검토되었다. 활성탄과 연계한 F/A 공정을 구성하여 막여과 처리 시스템의 전처리효율을 실험한 결과, TOC 농도는 TMP의 증가에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되어 막오염 저감에 유기물 제어가 중요함을 확인하였으며 유기물 제거 효율이 뛰어난 여재 사용이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2013

A process diagnosis method for membrane water treatment plant was developed using a constant flux membrane fouling model. This diagnosis method can be applied to a real-field membrane-based water treatment plant as an early alarming system for membrane fouling. The constant flux membrane fouling model was based on the simplest equation form to describe change in trans-membrane pressure (TMP) during the filtration cycle from a literature. The model was verified using a pilot-scale microfiltraton (MF) plant with two commercial MF membrane modules (72 m2 of membrane area). The predicted TMP data were produced using the model, where the modeling parameters were obtained by the least square method using the early plant data and modeling equations. The diagnosis was carried out by comparing the predicted TMP data (as baseline) and real plant data. As a result of the case study, the diagnsis method worked pretty well to predict the early points where fouling started to occur.

• Korean Membrane Journal
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2007

We performed periodic water-back-flushing using permeate water to minimize membrane fouling to enhance permeate flux in tubular ceramic microfiltration system for water treatment of high turbid source. The filtration time (FT) = 2 min with periodic 6 sec water-back-flushing showed the highest value of dimensionless permeate flux ($J/J_o$), and the lowest value of resistance of membrane fouling ($R_f$), and we acquired the highest total permeate volume $(V_T)\;=\;6.805L$. Also in the result of BT effect at fixed FT = 10 min and BT (back-flushing time) = 20 sec showed the lowest value of $R_f$ and the highest value of $J/J_o$, and we could obtain the highest $V_T\;=\;6.660\;L$. Consequently, FT = 2 min and BT = 6 sec could be the optimal condition in water treatment of high turbid source above 10 NTU. However, FT = 10 min and BT = 20 sec was superior to reduce operating costs because of lower back-flushing frequency. Then the average quality of water treated by our tubular ceramic MF system was turbidity of 0.07 NTU, $COD_{Mn}$ of 1.86 mg/L and $NH_3-N$ of 0.007 mg/L.