• 대한화학회지
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2023

In this study were evaluated the whitening and anti-oxidative activities from the extracts of Sorbus alnifolia branches, and identified the chemical structures of the active ingredients. In the whitening tests using α-MSH stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells, the 70% ethanol extract and n-butanol (n-BuOH) fractions concentration-dependently inhibited cellular melanogenesis and intracellular tyrosinase activities without causing cell toxicity. The total polyphenol content of n-BuOH and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions were measured to be respectively 241.1 ± 1.1 and 222.9 ± 2.4 (mg/g GAE), and the total flavonoid content of EtOAc fraction was 75.3 ± 2.0 (mg/g QE). Upon anti-oxidant studies with DPPH and ABTS⁺ radicals, potent radical scavenging activities were observed in the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions. Moreover, in the study of cell protection efficacy using HaCaT keratinocytes damaged by H₂O₂, the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions showed a very positive results on prevention of oxidative stress. Phytochemical studies for this extract resulted in the isolation of four compounds; 2-oxopomolic acid (1), euscaphic acid (2), epi-catechin (3), prunasin (4). These results suggested that the extract of S. alnifolia branches containing compounds 1-4 as natural ingredients could be used as whitening and anti-oxidant ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2021

본 연구는 중금속화합물인 초산납(LA)의 피부독성을 B16/F10 멜라닌세포를 배양하여 조사하였으며, LA의 독성에 대한 싸리나무(Lespedeza bicolor, LB) 추출물의 보호효과를 조사하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 세포생존율을 비롯하여 항산화능 분석인 전자공여능(EDA)활성 억제능과 총 멜라닌량 저해능을 조사하였다. 그 결과 LA는 배양 세포에 처리한 농도 의존적으로 세포생존율을 유의하게 감소시킴으로써 독성을 나타냈다. 이 때 XTT₅₀값은 52.7 µM로서 고독성(highly-toxic)인 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 항산화제인 kaempferol (KAE)은 LA의 독성에 손상된 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 또한, LA의 독성에 대한 LB 추출물의 보호효과에 있어서, LB 추출물은 LA만의 처리에 비하여 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시켰으며, 이와 동시에 전자공여능(EDA) 활성 억제능과 멜라닌 저해능과 같은 항산화 효과 및 멜라닌화의 억제를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로부터 LA의 독성에 산화적 손상이 관여하고 있으며, LB 추출물은 항산화와 멜라닌화의 저해 효과에 의하여 LA의 독성을 효과적으로 방어하였다. 따라서, LB 추출물과 같은 천연물질은 LA와 같이 산화적 손상과 관련이 있는 중금속화합물의 독성방어나 또는 멜라닌화로 인한 질환을 위한 치료 및 간호중재 보완물질로 개발할 가치가 있다고 생각된다. 본 연구결과를 기반으로 산화적 손상이 원인인 질환에 LB 추출물을 적용가능한 형태 및 방법에 대해 추가 연구가 필요함을 제언한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.408-414
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 수세미오이 추출물을 유산균을 이용한 발효를 통해 항산화 활성과 함께 생체 활성 물질의 생산을 중대하고 자외선 흡수 및 피부 흑색종 세포 성장 억제를 강화하여 피부암 예방 효과를 향상시키는 데 있다. 수세미오이 발효추출물의 총 폴리페놀(TPC)과 항산화 활성도가 30.23 mg GA/g DM와 45.12%로 열수추출물보다 약 1.4배 높은 수준으로 확인되었다. 자외선 흡수율에 있어 발효추출물은 열수추출물보다 1.5배 높은 53.9%의 흡수율을 보였는데 발효를 통해 증가된 TPC에 의해 UV 흡수가 증가했다는 결론을 도출하였다. 항암효과에 있어 발효추출물과 열수추출물에서 각각 1.0 와 2.0 mg/mL에서 피부 흑색종세포에 대한 성장저해 효과가 나타나 추출물 발효에 따른 항암효과가 증가했음을 알 수 있었다. 발효추출물의 자외선 흡수율에 있어 열수출물보다 2.4배 높아 피부암 예방효과가 예상되며, 수세미오이 발효를 통해 항산화, 자외선차단과 피부암 저해 효과를 가지는 화장품, 식품 및 의약품 소재 개발 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Sibseonsan (SSS) is an effective antiinflammatory, anti-wrinkling, and whitening agent. Methods: To determine whether SSS had an anti-inflammatory effect, a murine macrophage cell line was used (RAW 264.7) and production of DPPH, NO, TNF-α, and PGE₂ were measured. To ascertain potential anti-wrinkle effects of SSS in these cells, collagenase and elastase production were measured. To verify whether SSS had a whitening effect, tyrosinase activity and DOPA staining were performed using a melanoma cell line (B16/F10). Results: There was no significant reduction in survival of SSS-treated RAW 264.7 cells, up to 400 ㎍/mL. Free radical scavenging (23.96 ± 1.85%) was observed in RAW 264.7 cells treated with SSS at a concentration of 400 ㎍/mL. The SSS treatment group (400 ㎍/mL) significantly inhibited NO production compared with the LPS stimulated treatment group. The SSS treatment of macrophage cells appeared to reduce production of TNF-α in a concentration dependent manner. There was a significant reduction in the concentration of PGE₂ by about 25% in the SSS treatment (400 ㎍/mL) group (p = 0.05). Compared with the control, the production of collagenase and elastase in B16/F10 cells treated with SSS (400 ㎍/mL) was greater by 26.37% and 45.71%, respectively. The SSS treatment (400 ㎍/mL) group showed a significant reduction by about 17% in tyrosinase production in B16/F10 cells. The SSS treatment group showed little change in DOPA staining. Conclusion: SSS extract may be useful for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases and may have anti-wrinkle and whitening effects. These results may support the use of SSS in clinical practice.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Indigo Naturalis (IN) is a dark blue powder obtained by processing leaves or stems of indigo plants, its anticancer effects have been reported in several studies. However, the pharmacological mechanism of IN in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is not elucidated. In this study, to investigate the anticancer efficacy of IN for SCLC, we presented potential active ingredients, SCLC-related targets, and pharmacological mechanisms of IN that are expected to have anticancer activity for SCLC using a network pharmacological analysis. The phytochemical compounds of IN have been collected through TCMSP, SymMap, or HPLC documents. The active ingredients of IN such as indirubin, indican, isatin, and tryptanthrin were selected through ADME parameters or literature investigations for each compound. Using the Compounds, Disease-Target associations Databases, 124 common targets of IN and SCLC were obtained. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway enrichment analysis was carried out. GO biological processes are associated with response to xenobiotic stimulus, positive regulation of protein phosphorylation, regulation of mitotic cell cycle, and regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway. KEGG disease pathways included Gastric cancer, Bladder cancer, SCLC, and Melanoma. The main anticancer targets of the IN for SCLC were analyzed in 14 targets, including BCL2, MYC, and TP53. In conclusion, the results of this study based on the network pharmacology of IN can provide important data for the effective prevention and treatment of SCLC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2014

Background: Psychiatric patients appear to be at lower risk of cancer. Some antipsychotic drugs might have inhibitory effects on tumor growth, including penfluridol, a strong agent. To test this, we conducted a study to determine whether penfluridol exerts cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and, if so, to explore its anti-tumor mechanisms. Methods: Growth inhibition of mouse cancer cell lines by penfluridol was determined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cytotoxic activity was determined by clonogenic cell survival and trypan blue assays. Animal tumor models of these cancer cells were established and to evaluate penfluridol for its anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Unesterified cholesterol in cancer cells was examined by filipin staining. Serum total cholesterol and tumor total cholesterol were detected using the cholesterol oxidase/p-aminophenazone (CHOD-PAP) method. Results: Penfluridol inhibited the proliferation of B16 melanoma (B16/F10), LL/2 lung carcinoma (LL/2), CT26 colon carcinoma (CT26) and 4T1 breast cancer (4T1) cells in vitro. In vivo penfluridol was particularly effective at inhibiting LL/2 lung tumor growth, and obviously prolonged the survival time of mice bearing LL/2 lung tumors implanted subcutaneously. Accumulated unesterified cholesterol was found in all of the cancer cells treated with penfluridol, and this effect was most evident in LL/2, 4T1 and CT26 cells. No significant difference in serum cholesterol levels was found between the normal saline-treated mice and the penfluridol-treated mice. However, a dose-dependent decrease of total cholesterol in tumor tissues was observed in penfluridol-treated mice, which was most evident in B16/F10-, LL/2-, and 4T1-tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our results suggested that penfluridol is not only cytotoxic to cancer cells in vitro but can also inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis by penfluridol may be involved in its anti-tumor mechanisms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3495-3501
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• 2014

Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) family genes have been considered as potentially promising targets for anticancer immunotherapy. MAGED4 was originally identified as a glioma-specific antigen. Current knowledge about MAGED4 expression in glioma is only based on mRNA analysis and MAGED4 protein expression has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated this point and found that MAGED4 mRNA and protein were absent or very lowly expressed in various normal tissues and glioma cell line SHG44, but overexpressed in glioma cell lines A172,U251,U87-MG as well as glioma tissues, with significant heterogeneity. Furthermore, MAGED4 protein expression was positively correlated with the glioma type and grade. We also found that the expression of MAGED4 inversely correlated with the overall methylation status of the MAGED4 promoter CpG island. Furthermore, when SHG44 and A172 with higher methylation were treated with the DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) reactivation of MAGED4 mRNA was mediated by significant demethylation in SHG44 instead of A172. However, 5-AZA-CdR treatment had no effect on MAGED4 protein in both SHG44 and A172 cells. In conclusion, MAGED4 is frequently and highly expressed in glioma and is partly regulated by DNA methylation. The results suggest that MAGED4 might be a promising target for glioma immunotherapy combined with 5-AZA-CdR to enhance its expression and eliminate intratumor heterogeneity.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

The microsurgical reconstruction is necessary for elderly patients to treat severe trauma and head and neck tumor. The aim of this study is to analyze the risks of microvascular surgery and whether or not happening of more complication in elderly patients who are older than 60 years old and to suggest the solution of the complication. The retrospective study included 41 elderly patients who underwent treatment of 44 microsurgical reconstructions among total 271 cases of microsurgical reconstruction from July, 1988 to December, 1998. Their ages ranged from 61 years to 79 years. There were 26 males and 15 females. The involved sites were 23 head and necks, 13 upper gastrointestinal tracts, 3 lower extremities, 1 chest and 1 sacral region. The causes of microsurgical reconstruction were 36 head and neck tumors, 2 radionecrosis, 2 traumas and 1 melanoma in lower limb. The used flaps were 14 radial forearm flaps, 13 jejunal flaps, 10 latissimus dorsi muscle flaps, 3 rectus abdominis muscle flaps, 2 lateral arm flaps, 1 scapular flap, and 1 iliac osteocutaneous flap. They had medical problems which were 29 tobacco abuse, 14 hypertensions, 13 alcohol abuse, 10 chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, 7 diabetes mellituses, 3 ischemic heart diseases. All patients have had successful results without specific complications except 3 cases of free flap failure and 3 perioperative death. The causes of 3 flap failures were 2 flap necrosis due to arterial insufficiency and 1 flap loss due to secondary infection. All of these cases were treated with secondary free flap surgery. However 3 patients died perioperatively due to 2 respiratory arrests and 1 sepsis. It was not related to operate microsurgical reconstruction itself, but was correlated with the complication of postoperative care after head and neck surgery. We conclude that plastic surgeons consider the importance of prevention of expected complication as thorough analysis of operative risk factor and appropriate treatment. We had to select the donor and recipient vessel appropriately to perform successful microsurgery in elderly patients and consider vein graft and end-to-side anastomosis to reduce complication if necessary. In addition, we emphasize the importance of pre, peri and postoperative care in head and neck cancer patients to reduce postoperative complication and morbidity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2019

적양배추 유래물의 면역 활성 및 항전이 활성을 평가하기 위하여 적양배추 유래 열수추출물 RCW 및 조다당 RCP를 분리하였다. RCW는 중성당이 60%의 높은 비율로 검출되었으며, 이중 Glc가 28.2%로 구성되어 있었으며, RCP는 중성당과 산성당이 각각 40.0% 및 58.9%로 이루어져 있으며, 구성당 분석 결과, Ara(27.5%)와 Gal (17.2%)가 높은 비율로 검출되었다. RCW와 RCP는 정상세포 및 암 세포에 대한 어떠한 독성도 나타나지 않았으며, 오히려 정상세포에서는 약간의 증식능이 확인되었다. 또한 대식세포 자극을 통한 cytokine 분비능을 측정한 결과, RCW는 IL-6, IL-12 및 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 생산능은 어떠한 농도에서도 확인되지 않았으며, $1000{\mu}g/mL$ 고농도에서 NO 생산능이 확인되었다. 반면에 RCP는 $8{\mu}g/mL$의 저농도에서도 IL-6, IL-12, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 NO의 생산능이 확인되었다. 높은 cytokine 생산능을 나타낸 RCP의 NK 세포 활성 및 항전이 활성을 측정한 결과, RCP를 $1000{\mu}g/mouse$농도로 정맥투여할 경우, NK 세포를 무처리군 대비 최대 12배 활성화 시키는 것으로 확인되었으며, 47.3%의 항전이 활성이 확인되었다. 적양배추 유래 면역 활성 다당의 구조를 추정하기 위하여 ${\beta}-Glucosyl$ Yariv reagent와의 반응성을 검토한 결과, RCP $1000{\mu}g/mL$에는 약 9.7%의 $arabino-{\beta}-3,6-galactan$이 검출되었다. 본 결과로부터 적양배추에는 $arabino-{\beta}-3,6-galactan$을 일부 함유하는 RG-I 형태의 다당으로 존재하며, 이들에 의해 강력한 면역 증진 활성이 나타나는 것이라 결론지을 수 있었다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2023

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis of epidemiological results for the association between occupational exposure as a firefighter and cancer as part of the broader evidence synthesis work of the IARC Monographs program. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify cohort studies of firefighters followed for cancer incidence and mortality. Studies were evaluated for the influence of key biases on results. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to estimate the association between ever-employment and duration of employment as a firefighter and risk of 12 selected cancers. The impact of bias was explored in sensitivity analyses. Results: Among the 16 included cancer incidence studies, the estimated meta-rate ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity statistic (I²) for ever-employment as a career firefighter compared mostly to general populations were 1.58 (1.14-2.20, 8%) for mesothelioma, 1.16 (1.08-1.26, 0%) for bladder cancer, 1.21 (1.12-1.32, 81%) for prostate cancer, 1.37 (1.03-1.82, 56%) for testicular cancer, 1.19 (1.07-1.32, 37%) for colon cancer, 1.36 (1.15-1.62, 83%) for melanoma, 1.12 (1.01-1.25, 0%) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1.28 (1.02-1.61, 40%) for thyroid cancer, and 1.09 (0.92-1.29, 55%) for kidney cancer. Ever-employment as a firefighter was not positively associated with lung, nervous system, or stomach cancer. Results for mesothelioma and bladder cancer exhibited low heterogeneity and were largely robust across sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: There is epidemiological evidence to support a causal relationship between occupational exposure as a firefighter and certain cancers. Challenges persist in the body of evidence related to the quality of exposure assessment, confounding, and medical surveillance bias.