• 제목/요약/키워드: meiofauna

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북동 태평양 C-C 해역에 서식하는 중형저서동물 군집 (Meiobenthic Communities in the Deep-sea Sediment of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in the Northeast Pacific)

  • 김동성;민원기;이경용;김기현
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.265-272
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    • 2004
  • This study was conducted to investigate the community structure and distributional pattern of meiobenthos in the deep-sea bottom of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone of northeastern Pacific during July 2001. Examination of sediment samples collected on the eight survey station showed that there were 10 different types of meiobenthos. The most abundant meiobenthic animals were nematodes in all stations. Sarcomastigophorans, benthic harpacticoids were next abundant meiobenthos. Vertical distribution of meiobenthic animals showed the highest individual numbers in the surface sediment layers of 0-1 cm depth and showed more steep decreasing trend as sediment gets deeper on the stations of high latitude located in $16-17^{\circ}N$. Horizontal distribution of meiobenthic animal in the study area within CCFZ showed high densities of meiobenthos at the stations had few manganese nodules on their sediment surface in the site of low latitude. For size distribution analyses showed that animals which fit into the sieve mesh size of 0.063 mm were abundant.

Two new Phyllopodopsyllus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from Korean marine interstitial

  • Karanovic, Tomislav
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • 제6권spc호
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    • pp.185-214
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    • 2017
  • The genus Phyllopodopsyllus T. Scott, 1906 is nearly cosmopolitan and contains around 60 valid species, but has not been previously recorded in Korea. One of the reasons is probably the paucity of research in marginal habitats, such as marine interstitial. I describe two new species here. Numerous specimens of both sexes of P. kitazimai sp. nov. were collected from a beach near Yeongdeok, while only two females of P. busanensis sp. nov. were collected from a beach near Busan. The new species differ in numerous macro-morphological characters, such as the segmentation and armature of the antennula, armature of the mandibula, maxillula, maxilliped, and the first three swimming legs, as well as the shape of the caudal rami and the female genital field. However, they show very little difference in the number and position of cuticular organs (pores and sensilla) on all somites, which might prove these rarely used micro-characters to be useful in the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships in this group of harpacticoids. Both species have their closest relatives in Japan. Phyllopodopsyllus kitazimai is morphologically most similar to P. punctatus Kitazima, 1981, but can be distinguished by much longer third exopodal segments of the third and fourth swimming legs. Phyllopodopsyllus busanensis shares the largest number of morphological similarities with P. setouchiensis Kitazima, 1981, but can be distinguished by shorter caudal rami. A key to species is also provided.

Earicandona, new genus and the first record of Typhlocypris pratensis (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from South Korea

  • Karanovic, Ivana
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.145-158
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    • 2013
  • Candoninae is the most diverse group of freshwater ostracods with over 300 living species described from all around the world. However, only 11 species have been reported from South Korea. Considering abundant freshwater ecosystems here this number is very low. It is no wonder that newly collected samples of freshwater meiofauna often contain Candoninae ostracods which are new records for South Korea, or new taxa. Earicandona mounchyon gen. nov. sp. nov. and Typhlocypris (Pseudocandona) pratensis (Hartwig, 1901) were collected from two open freshwater bodies in Gangwon-do, and Gyeongsangbuk-do in South Korea. The new genus is most closely related to the breuili-group of Fabaeformiscandona Krstic, 1972. The most important apomorphic character of the new genus is a hemipenis with a poorly sclerified lobe "g", and prehensile palps with more rounded dorsal margins. Beside the new species, Earicandona contains only E. okuboi (Smith & Janz, 2008) comb. nov. from Lake Biwa. This species was originally described in Fabaeformiscandona, fabaeformis-group. They differ mostly in the morphology of the shell, but also some details of soft body, including the more pronounced genital process in the Korean species. Typhlocypris pratensis was so far known from Europe and this finding significantly broadens its area of distribution. Both Typhlocypris and Earicandona belong to the tribe Candonini and the key to the genera of this tribe is also presented here.

Three new harpacticoid copepods for Korea from marine interstitial habitats

  • Karanovic, Tomislav
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.268-282
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    • 2019
  • Recent integrative taxonomic research demonstrated a high endemism of Korean copepods, with closest relatives usually in neighboring countries. Although Korean fauna could be considered well-studied, some marginal habitats still provide unexpected discoveries of copepods described from distant parts of the world. Here I report three such examples. Two belong to the family Tetragonicipitidae: Phyllopodopsyllus thiebaudi santacruzensis Mielke, 1989 and Laophontella horrida dentata Mielke, 1992; one to the family Ancorabolidae: Laophontodes norvegicus George, 2018. Scanning electron microscope photographs are provided for the first time for all three species, revealing unknown details of complex three-dimensional structures and ornamentation of somites. Phyllopodopsyllus thiebaudi santacruzensis was described from the Galapagos Islands, while Laophontella horrida dentata was described from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica; for both this is the second record, which extends their range into the Western Pacific. Laophontodes norvegicus was described from Norway; this Korean record is its first in the Pacific. The first species is represented in my samples by numerous males, females, and juveniles. However, the second one is represented by one adult male and one juvenile female, while the third is represented by a single adult male, which might suggest that the marine interstitial is not their preferred habitat in Korea.

A new species of Afrolaophonte (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae) from Korea and cladistic tests of species-groups

  • Tomislav, Karanovic
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.239-252
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    • 2022
  • Afrolaophonte koreana sp. nov. is described from the intertidal zone of two sandy beaches on the south coast of Korea. This is the first record of the genus Afrolaophonte Chappuis, 1960 in the Northern Pacific. The new species is most similar to A. aequatorialis Cottarelli and Mura, 1981, described from the Maldives and subsequently also found in Papua New Guinea, but could be distinguished by numerous characters, including the segmentation of the third leg endopod in male, armature formula of the second leg in both sexes, length of caudal rami in both sexes, and length of some setae on the fourth leg in female. Afrolaophonte ensiger Wells and Rao, 1987 from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is established as a junior subjective synonym of A. aequatorialis. To test previous phylogenetic hypotheses based on intuitive methods, a parsimony based cladistic analysis of 13 valid congeners is performed using 15 morphological characters and one outgroup. Only one of three previously proposed species-groups is supported with a synapomorphy, while one was clearly based on symplesiomorphies. Our current knowledge of morphology in this genus is not sufficient for postulating interspecific phylogenies, which also renders previous zoogeographical hypotheses untestable.

Two Arenicolus Species of Actacarus (Acari, Halacaridae) from South Korea

  • Jong Hak Shin;Cheon Young Chang;Jimin Lee
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.21-34
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    • 2024
  • Two arenicolus halacarid species, Actacarus ornatus n. sp. and A. pacificus Bartsch, 1979, are recorded from sandy intertidal sediment along the coast of South Korea. Actacarus ornatus n. sp. closely resembles A. karoensis Abé, 1990, recorded from Japan, in having chaetotaxy of the idiosoma, legs, palps of gnathosoma, and perigenital setae in both males and females. However, it differs from A. karoensis by a slightly convex tectum, the presence of a row of foveae on the mid-ventral surfaces of the anterior epimeral plate and genitoanal plate, and the absence of areolae on both the anterior and posterior dorsal plates as well as microplatelets on the membranous cuticle alongside the anterior and posterior dorsal plates. Actacarus pacificus Bartsch, 1979, which is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, is characterized by separated plates, a truncated tectum, the anterior epimeral plate with four pairs of setae, the posterior epimeral plate with one dorsal and two ventral setae, and three pairs of subgenital setae in males. A comparative analysis of the morphological characteristics of A. pacificus was conducted within regional populations, including the Korean population. Moreover, a key to Actacarus species from the northwestern Pacific, including a new species, is provided. The genus Actacarus is reported for the first time from Korea.

북동 태평양 심해저에 서식하는 중형저서동물 군집의 위도별 분포 특성 (Distribution of Meiobenthic Communities in the Deep-sen Floor of Northeastern Pacific Seafloor along a Latitudinal Transect)

  • 민원기;김동성;김웅서
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.255-263
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    • 2004
  • This study was conducted to investigate the community structure and distributional pattern of meiobenthos in the deep-sea bottom of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone of the northeastern Pacific during July 2003. The samples were collected using the multiple corer at 13 stations along the transects fiom $5^{\circ}N\;to\;17^{\circ}N$. The most abundant meiobenthos was nematodes and followed by sarcomastigophorans; these two taxa comprised more than 70% of the total abundance at all stations. For size distribution analyses showed that animals which fit into the sieve mesh size of 0.063mm were abundant. The maximum density of meiobenthos was $147inds./10cm^2$ at station located in $7^{\circ}N$, and the minimum density was $6 inds./10cm^2$ at station located in $14^{\circ}N$. More than 60% of meiobenthos were distributed at surface sediment layer within 1.0cm, and the peak abundance was found at $0{\sim}0.25cm$ layer. The latitudinal distribution pattern of meiobenthos in the study area seemed to be related with the primary productivity of the surface water that is also connected to the water circulation pattern of the Pacific Ocean near the Equator, diverging at latitude of $8^{\circ}N$ and conversing at $5^{\circ}N$.

북동태평양 KODOS 96-1 해역의 심해퇴적물에 분포하는 대형저서동물군집 (Macrozoobenthic community in the deep sea soft-bottom of the KODOS 96-1 area, northeastern Pacific Ocean)

  • 최진우
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 1996
  • 본 연구는 북동 태평양의 심해저 퇴적물에 서식하는 대형저서동물의 군집 구조와 수평적 및 수직적 분포양상을 보기 위해 1996년 5월에 수행되었다. 생물 시료는 25개 정점에서 box corer를 사용하여 채취된 퇴적물을 0.3 mm 망목의 체 로 걸러 채집하였다. 총 9개 동물문의 17개 분류군에 속하는 363개체의 저서동물이 출현하였고, 이들은 선형동물(30.0%), 유공충류(25.1%), 저서성 요각류(10.2%), Xenophyophorea(5.2%), 다모류(4.7%)순으로 우점하였다. 전형적인 중형동물 분류군 들을 제외하면 다모류가 가장 우점한 동물군이었다. 출현종의 수는 0.01 m$^{2}$ 당 평균 6종류였고, 서식밀도는 1,288개체/m$^{2}$ 로서 심해역으로는 밀도가 높았다. 퇴적물 깊이별 수직분포를 보면 표층에서 최대출현량을 보이고 깊이에 따 라 감소한다. 퇴적물 깊이 10 cm 층 이내에 전체 저서생물의 98% 이상이 출현 하였다.

아데노신 3인산(ATP; Adenosine-5′ triphosphate)을 이용한 심해저 및 연안퇴적토의 총 미생물 생체량 측정 (Total Microbial Biomass Measured by ATP in Three Marine Sedimentary Environments)

  • 현정호;김경홍;권개경;이정현;이홍금;김상진;김기현
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.119-126
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    • 2002
  • 심해와 연안의 서로 다른 해양퇴적토 환경에서 ATP농도를 이용한 총 미생물 생체량을 측정하였다. 표층 ATP의 분포는 연안역에서 가장 높았으며, 육지로부터 멀어질수록 감소하였다. 또한 수직적으로는 깊이에 따라 급격히 감소하는 양상을 나타내, 저층의 생태계가 수층으로 부터의 영양원 공급에 의해 일차적으로 조절되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 유기물은 퇴적물로의 흡착으로 인해 환경 내 체류시간이 길어짐으로 인해, 유기탄소의 함량 변화가 ATP에 비해 급격히 일어나지 않았으며, 특히, 연안퇴적토의 경우 유기탄소의 함량 변화에 비해 ATP의 농도변화가 일정하게 나타나 두 변수간의 유의성 이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 분해가능한 유기물의 공급이 많은 연안퇴적토의 경우, 영양원에 의한 조절보다는 상위영양단계의 포식활동이 미생물의 생체량을 최종적으로 조절하는 요인으로 작용하기 때문 인 것으로 사료된다. 지역분포 특성 및 수직적 분포 특성으로부터 ATP는 서로 다른 저서 생태환경의 생체량 분석을 위한 일차적 인 도구로 유용하게 쓰일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

북동태평양 Clarion-Clipperton 균열대의 망간단괴 채광을 위한 환경충격시험 예정 지역 심해 해저면에 서식하는 중형저서생물 현존량 및 공간 분포 특성 (Standing Stocks and Spatial Distribution of Meiofauna on Deep-sea Sediment in an Environmental Impact Experiment of a Candidate Site for Manganese Nodule Development, NE Pacific)

  • 민원기;노현수;김동성
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제29권11호
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    • pp.1125-1139
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    • 2020
  • This study investigated the distributional pattern of meiobenthos associated with future deep-sea mining in the Korea Deep Ocean Study area present in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) located in the southeastern part of the North Pacific Ocean. Standing stocks of meiobenthos were investigated in benthic impact experiment sites (BIS) and Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology long-term monitoring (KOMO) sites during the 2008-2014 annual field survey. A total of 14 taxa of meiobenthos were identified. Nematodes were the most abundant taxon (60-86%). Harpacticoid copepods (5-26%) and benthic foraminifera (1-12%) were also dominant at all sites. The total meiobenthic densities varied from 4 to 150 ind./10 cm2. The mean value of total meiobenthic abundance was higher at BIS than at KOMO sites, but there was no significant difference between the two sites. The mean values of the number of taxa and biomass at BIS and KOMO sites were similar. The mean abundance of nematodes that were the most dominant taxa was also higher at BIS than at KOMO sites. The standing stocks in our study sites were relatively lower than those previously reported at other CCFZ sites. These results seem to reflect a low organic concentration in the study area.