• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1541-1546
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• 2011

This study was carried out to examine the influence of minimum essential medium (MEM) vitamins supplementation to in vitro maturation medium and in vitro culture medium on the development of porcine embryos. Porcine embryo development was investigated following cultivation in both in vitro maturation and culture medium with the supplementation of MEM vitamins (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4%) using immature oocytes collected from the ovary of prepubertal gilts. Embryo development was observed and the total cell number in each blastocyst generated under the culture conditions was quantified following supplementation of the medium. The embryonic development rate of the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst was higher, but not significantly so, when 0.4% MEM vitamins were supplemented to the in vitro maturation medium of the porcine oocyte. Interestingly, the total number of cells in the blastocyst was significantly higher in the in vitro maturation MEM vitamins supplemented group compared to either the untreated group or the group which had MEM vitamins supplemented to both in vitro maturation and in vitro culture medium simultaneously (p<0.05). Therefore, the supplementation of 0.4% MEM vitamins to the in vitro mature medium has a beneficial effect on the embryonic development of in vitro produced blastocysts derived from the immature porcine oocytes.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to improve in vitro development of rabbit one-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage. One-cell rabbit embryos were collected at 19\ulcorner20hr after superovulation induction and incubated at 39\ulcorner in 5% CO2 for 72hr. In order to find optimum conditions in medium that affects the rabbit embryo's development in vitro, RDH medium which mixed with RPMI1640, DMEM and Ham's F10 was compared with the previously reported mediums (Ham's F10 and RD) for embryo development and cell numbers. Three additives (BSA, taurine and glucose) were tested for the development of rabbit one-cell embryos in vitro. When the embryos were cultured in RDH medium, their development was markedly promoted as compared with Ham's F-10 or RD alone. Glucose exhibited no significant effects on embryo development and cell numbers. BSA a, pp.ared to promote transition from morula to blastocyst stage and taurine increased cell numbers of cultured embryos markedly regardless of medium. BSA and taurine together in RDH medium showed the additive effects on embryos development and cell number.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of glucose and sodium phosphate on in vitro development of porcine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro. When the culture medium was supplemented with various concentrations of glucose, the higher proportions (23 and 26%) of oocytes developed to morular or blastocyst stages were at the concentrations of 2.78 and 5.56 mM than 0 (9%; P<0.05) and 11.12 mM (18%). In experiment to evaluate effect of sodium phosphate during in vitro development of porcine oocytes, a significantly (P<0.05) higher proportions of embryos developed to morular or blastocyst stages was obtained with sodium phosphateof 0.28 (25%) and 0.53 (27％) mM than 0 (15%), 1.05 (19%) and 2.10 (10%) mM. On the other hand, when oocytes were cultured in medium with (0.53 mM) sodium phosphate, the proportions of developed embryos were significantly (P<0.05) higher in medium without (29%) that than with (14%) 5.56 mM glucose. However, a higher proportion of embryos developed to morular or blastocyst stages were obtained in medium with (23%) that than without (8%) glucose (P<0.05). The minimum essential medium (MEM) added to the culture medium were higher regardless of presence of sodium phosphate and glucose on the development of embryos. Although sodium phosphate and glucose could support morular and blastocyst development to a limited extend (10∼24%), significantly higher proportion (36%) at morular or blastocyst stages was obtained by MEM adding in the medium with sodium phosphate and glucose. These results suggest that the early development of in vitro fertilized porcine oocytes can be maintained efficiently by glucose and sodium phosphate when they were cultured in medium with MEM.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.110-115
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• 1984

These experiments were carried out to obtain the information about the optimal pH osmolality affecting in vitro fertilization of the mouse eggs, to elucidate the 2-cell block to development in vitro and to find out the method of controlling the subsequent embryo development in vitro. pH and osomlality was adjusted by adding NaCl or NaHCO3 to the basic salt solution. In vitro fertilization were carried out by inroducting the cumulus masses to the suspension of epididymal spermatozoa at each pH, osmolality, and 10${\mu}$M-EDTA medium. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: 1. The fertilization rates in vitro at each medium of 235, 252, 269, 286, 306, 323, 345, 368, 393 mosmol were 15.6, 38.2, 65.7, 75.6, 80.9, 74.3, 58.1, 35.1, 24.3, 11.1%, respectively. 2. The fertilization rates in vitro at each medium of pH 6.1, 6.4, 6.7, 7.0, 7.3, 7.6, 7.9, 8.1 were 11.8, 17.9, 32.4, 61.9, 79.5, 76.7, 53.5, 13.6%, respectively. 3. In case of ICR female x ICR male embryos, the development rate of 2-cell embryos to 4-8 cell embryos was 16.2% at normal medium, but the rate was increased to 49.3% in medium containging 10 ${\mu}$M-DETA; In case of C3H female x ICR male embryos, the development rate was 41.0% at normal medium, but the rate was increased to 71.7% at 10 ${\mu}$M-EDTA-medium.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.411-417
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• 1998

본 연구는 난관액과 oviductal conditioned medium 이 다정자 침입과 체외배발달에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 배양액내 난관액과 oviductal conditioned medium 의 첨가는 다정자침입율과 난자내 침입한 평균정자수를 감소시켰다 (P＜0.05). 정자와 난관액 그리고 oviductal conditioned medium 과 l.5, 3, 4.5 시간 공배양후 첨체반응의 성적은 대조구에 비하여 증가하였다. 체외수정후 체외발달 배양액에 난관액이나 oviductal conditioned medium 을 첨가하여 192 시간동안 배양했을 때 상실배와 배반포배발달율이 난관액과 oviductal conditioned medium 첨가구에서 유의적으로 높았다 (P＜0.05). 이러한 연구결과는 난관액과 OVCM 등 난관 유래물질은 다정자침입율과 난자내 침입한 평균정자수를 감소시키며 체외발달율을 높인다고 사료된다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2012

버섯 병재배 수확배지를 느타리버섯 2차배지로 재활용하기 위해 팽이버섯, 큰느타리, 느타리 재배후 탈병배지를 운반하여 바로 느타리 532배지에 첨가시험을 수행한 결과, 팽이버섯과 큰느타리 수확후배지를 첨가한 배지에서 느타리 품종 춘추2호와 만추리는 모두 자실체 수량이 무첨가구에 비하여 낮은 경향이었다. 그러나 느타리 병재배 수확후배지는 기본배지에 대하여 50%까지 대체하여도 수량은 증가하는 경향이었으나 10%~30% 첨가수준에서 안정적으로 증수되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제23권3호통권74호
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• pp.197-201
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• 1995

느타리버섯 재배에 있어서 배지재료로 제지부산물의 사용 가능성을 검토한 결과 배지재료별 화학특성은 제지부산물이 폐면, 볏짚, 왕겨보다 CaO는 많았고, T-C, T-N, $P_2O_5$, MgO는 비슷하였으며 $K_2O$는 현저히 적었다. 균사생장은 혼합처리가 폐면단용보다 생장이 다소 빠르거나 비슷한 경향이었다. 초발이소요일수는 폐면단용보다 혼합처리가 비슷하거나 $1{\sim}2$일 정도 빠른 경향이었다. 배지종류별 수량은 폐면단용에 비해 폐면 10+왕겨 20+제지부산물 70% 처리를 제외하고는 증수되었으며, 특히 계면+제지부산물 30% 혼합처리가 21% 증수되어 가장 우수하였다. 경제성분석결과 폐면단용보다 폐면+제지부산물 30% 혼합처리에서 소득지수가 50% 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.381-385
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• 1994

The highest degree of callus formation was obtained from the shoot tips of Dianthus superbus when cultured on the MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP. Embryogenic calluses were obtained from the seperated friable calluses on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D after 7-8 wk of culture. For plant regeneration, embryogenic calluses were selected and cultured on te proliferation medium. After 3 wk, somatic embryos appeared on MSK medium (0.5 mg/L NAA, 2.0 mg/L kinetin) and N6 medium (2.0 mg/L kinetin, 0.1 mg/LNAA, 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 g/L casein hydrolysate). When these somatic embryos were kept under continuous illumination, shoots were successfully regenerated on the both media. The shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L NAA.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.86.1-86.13
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• 2021

Background: Conditioned medium is the medium obtained from certain cultured cells and contained secretome from the cells. The secretome, which can be in the form of growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, or other proteins secreted by the cells, can induce the differentiation of cells that still have pluripotent or multipotent properties. Objectives: This study examined the effects of conditioned medium derived from E17 rat brain cells on cells with pluripotent properties. Methods: The conditioned medium used in this study originated from E17 rat brain cells. The CM was used to induce the differentiation of primary colonies of mice blastocysts. Primary colonies were stained with alkaline phosphatase to analyze the pluripotency. The morphological changes in the colonies were examined, and the colonies were stained with GFAP and Neu-N markers on days two and seven after adding the conditioned medium. Results: The conditioned medium could differentiate the primary colony, beginning with the formation of embryoid-body-like structure; round GFAP positive cells were identified. Finally, neuron-like cells testing positive for Neu-N were observed on the seventh day after adding the conditioned medium. Conclusions: Conditioned medium from different species, in this case, E17 rat brain cells, induced and promoted the differentiation of the primary colony from mice blastocysts into neuron-like cells. The addition of CM mediated neurite growth in the differentiation process.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2022

Objective: We investigated the effect of supplementing fertilization medium and/or culture medium with astaxanthin (AST) on the two phases of in vitro fertilization: gamete fertilization and embryo development. Methods: Mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes were divided into four groups with 5 µM AST added to the fertilization medium (group 3, n=300), culture medium (group 2, n=300), or both media (group 4, n=290). No AST was added to the control group (group 1, n=300). Results: The fertilization rate was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the groups using AST supplemented fertilization medium (group 3, 79.0%; group 4, 81.4%) than those without AST (group 1, 56.3%; group 2, 52.3%). The blastocyst rate calculated from the two-cell stage was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the groups using AST-supplemented embryo culture medium (group 2, 58.0%; group 4, 62.3%) than in those without AST (group 1, 82.8%; group 3, 79.8%). The blastocyst rate calculated from the number of inseminated oocytes was highest in group 3 (189/300, 63.0%) and lowest in group 2 (91/300, 30.3%) with statistical significance compared to other groups (p<0.001). There were significantly higher numbers of cells in the inner cell mass and trophectoderm, as well as significantly higher total blastocyst cell counts, in group 3 than in the control group. Conclusion: An increased blastocyst formation rate and high-quality blastocysts were found only in the fertilization medium that had been supplemented with AST. In contrast, AST supplementation of the embryo culture medium was found to impair embryo development.