• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.228-247
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• 2015

Politics is defined as who gets what, when, and how. Communication is defined as the process, outcomes and effects of message transmission through a medium. Thus political communication in Asia, the most dynamic and uncertain region of the world, has been very dense, requiring rigorous scientific analysis and culturally sensitive reflection. Mass media brought about a revolution in political communication in the last century. In the 21st century, complex monitory devices from the state and international organizations and from the society and transnational groups have transformed the features of political communication. It has triggered another revolution in political communication. Illustrations are given focusing on Asia. A theoretical reflection from the angle of political science is attempted focusing on political communication medium and its effects. I compare no medium (face-to-face communication), mass media, and social media in relation to their effects.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.451-462
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• 1996

In this study, which focuses on ice storage, a fundamental study in cooling and solidification was performed, including the interesting phenomena of density inversion, supercooling and dendritic ice. A numerical study was performed for natural convection and ice formation considering existence of subcooling and dendritic ice were analyzed numerically by using finite difference method and boundary fixing method. In the mesh, the solid fraction was introduced with adding as a term to the energy conservation equation. A flow in the dendrite was modelled as a flow in a porous medium, and the momentum conservation equation was modified to incorporate resistance forces involved in flows through porous media. A numerical solution of the time dependencies of dendrite area and dense ice front was successfully obtained, and the numerical results were good agreement with experimental results. Based on this methodology, a discussion was made of phenomena and characteristics of cooling and freezing processes under various conditions.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.965-988
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• 2016

This paper investigates the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete shear wall buildings with multiple underground stories. A base-case where the buildings are modeled with a fixed condition at ground level is adopted, and then the number of basements is incrementally increased to evaluate changes in performance. Two subsurface site conditions, corresponding to very dense sands and medium dense sands, are used for the analysis. In addition, three ground shaking levels are used in the study. Results of the study indicated that while the common design practice of cropping the structure at the ground surface leads to conservative estimation of the base shear for taller and less rigid structures; it results in unpredicted and nonconservative trends for shorter and stiffer structures.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.642-647
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• 2003

Palladium is widely used for several applications and recovery of palladium from secondary sources becomes increasingly important since palladium is one of maldistributed platinum group metals. Electrochemical recovery of dense palladium metal sheet from Pd leaching solution is a simple and easily controlled method. The surface morphology of the recovered Pd metal was significantly affected by current density and temperature. Dense deposit morphology was in higher stress state regardless of preparation condition under $55^{\circ}C$. Rising temperature up to $70^{\circ}C$ had a stress releasing effect besides densification of Pd deposit.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.135-149
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• 2016

Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) refers to the virtualization of base station functionalities by means of cloud computing. This results in a novel cellular architecture in which low-cost wireless access points, known as radio units or remote radio heads, are centrally managed by a reconfigurable centralized "cloud", or central, unit. C-RAN allows operators to reduce the capital and operating expenses needed to deploy and maintain dense heterogeneous networks. This critical advantage, along with spectral efficiency, statistical multiplexing and load balancing gains, make C-RAN well positioned to be one of the key technologies in the development of 5G systems. In this paper, a succinct overview is presented regarding the state of the art on the research on C-RAN with emphasis on fronthaul compression, baseband processing, medium access control, resource allocation, system-level considerations and standardization efforts.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.99-101
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• 1993

We have searched for the 2 mm transitions of $H_2COH^+(2_{02}-1_{01})$ and $H_2\;^{13}CO(2_{02} - 1_{01},\; 2_{12}-1_{11},\;and\;2_{11}-1_{10})$ toward the dense interstellar molecular clouds Orion A, TMC-1 and L134N using the FCRAO 14 m telescope. None of the transitions have been detected except the $H_2\;^{13}CO$ transitions toward Orion-KL. We set upper limits for the abundances of the protonated formaldehyde ion $(H_2COH^+)$, which are close to the abundances expected from ion-molecule chemistry.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.217-271
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• 1991

We have observed dense core around young stellar objects, DR21, S140, Orion-KL, and L1551 using four millimeter-wave transitions of $HC_3N\;J$=4-3, J=5-4, J=10-9, and J=12-11. The spatial distribution of $HC_3N$ emission closely resembles the morphology of the previous CS observations that trace high density gas. These observations reveal the existence of $HC_3N$ dense cores around central IR source, elliptical in shape and almost perpendicular to the CO bipolar outflow axis. Small differences can be explained by that $HC_3N$ molecular line is more optically thin and is seen to be more detailed structure in the neighborhood of central IR sources. In S140 and Orion-KL, massive(${\sim}10\;M_{\odot}$), slowly rotating dense cores lie near at the central IR sources of bipolar outflows. The velocity channel maps of DR21 show that the bipolar outflow gas may have a correlation with the dense core of DR21. We analyzed intensities of the four lines to derive physical conditions in dense core from two methods, LTE and LVG. The column density of $HC_3N$, $N(HC_3N)$, between LTE and LVG calculations agree well with each other. The abundances of $HC_3N$ in each observing source have been estimated using the average values of $n(H_2)$ and $N(HC_3N)$ and assuming the size of dense core. The fractional $HC_3N$ abundances in massive dense cores of DR21, S140, and Orion-KL have a range of $(2-7){\times}10^{-10}$, while that of low mass dense core, L1551, has one order of magnitude greater value of $2{\times}10^{-9}$. This should be considered good agreement with the result by Morris et al.(1976). It may be considered that dense cores of DR21, S140, and Orion-KL may have almost same stage of chemical evolution, and their abundances have a small values relative to that of L1551. The column density $N(HC_3N)$ decreases with increasing distance from the densest part of the cloud, the central infrared source, and have the relation of $N(HC_3N){\varpropto}R^{\alpha}$, where a has a range of 0.65 to 0.89. The values of $n(H_2)$ are not varied with increasing distance from the dense core, and have almost same values. Therefore, it is considered that the dense cores in these regions probably consist of dense clumps in diffuse molecular gas medium, and $n(H_2)$ of each clump is ${\sim}10^5\;cm^{-3}$. Levels in the $T_{ex}$ increases with $n(H_2)$. It is considered that the $HC_3N$ dense cores are not completely thermalized. We examine the relationships between the luminosity of central infrared sources versus mass of the dense cores, and the luminosity of central infrared sources versus molecular hydrogen column density. Luminosities of the central IR sources show good correlation with mass and hydrogen column density of the dense core. Same has been found from CS observations. However, mass and size derived from $HC_3N$ observations are one order of magnitude smaller than those from CS. It can be interpreted that we see more central part of the cloud cores in $NC_3N$ lines than CS lines.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2024

In medium- and long-range optical imaging systems, atmospheric turbulence causes blurring and distortion of images, resulting in loss of image information. An image-restoration method based on an adaptive feature-fusion multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) dense U-shaped network (Unet) is proposed, to restore a single image degraded by atmospheric turbulence. The network's model is based on the MIMO-Unet framework and incorporates patch-embedding shallow-convolution modules. These modules help in extracting shallow features of images and facilitate the processing of the multi-input dense encoding modules that follow. The combination of these modules improves the model's ability to analyze and extract features effectively. An asymmetric feature-fusion module is utilized to combine encoded features at varying scales, facilitating the feature reconstruction of the subsequent multi-output decoding modules for restoration of turbulence-degraded images. Based on experimental results, the adaptive feature-fusion MIMO dense U-shaped network outperforms traditional restoration methods, CMFNet network models, and standard MIMO-Unet network models, in terms of image-quality restoration. It effectively minimizes geometric deformation and blurring of images.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.12
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• pp.77-87
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• 1972

The fruiting phase of rape under transplanting and direct-sowing conditions has been studied at Mokpo during the 2 years period from 1970 to 1971. Two varieties, Yudal and Miyuki were used in this study. The planting space and sowing time were also incorporated into this study. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. The plant tape of rape was nearly umbrella-shaped of all, but has changed to the laid elliptical-shaped, broadly ovate and spindle-shaped under different varieties and cultural conditions in the plant diagram(Fig. 2). 2. The length of the primary branches for each nodes had a tendency to the symmetric apical curve with the apex at the upper 10-12th node in the transplanting. but to the upper bias apical curve with the apex at the upper 5-7th node in the dense-sowing(Fig.3). 3. The ear of main stem was longer, more pods, heavier 1, 000 grains and more grain yield than ear of primary branches of all, Especially, as for that, the rate of yield constitution per plant in the direct-sowing was higher than in the transplanting(Fig. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). 4. The ear-length of the primary branches for each nodes had a tendency to the relatively slowly apical curve with the apex at the upper 3-4th node in the transplanting, but to the lower bias apical curve with the apex at the upper 2nd node in the dense-sowing. Especially, the possibility of growth at the lower ears was few in the early variety (Fig. 4). 5. The number of pod per ear on the primary branches for each nodes had a .tendency to the curve of ear-length with the apex at the upper 5-8thnode in the transplanting and at the upper 4-5th node in the dense-sowing (Fig. 5). Accordingly, a high positive correlation was found between the ear-length and number of pod per ear (Table 2) 6. In the transplanting, the high rate of effective ear was from the upper nods to the 12th node, but below the 16-17th nodes was ineffective. However, in the early dense-sowing the high rate of effective was to the 7th node. but below the 10th nodes was. ineffective. Especially, in the early variety has difficult to secure of poi-numbers for ineffective of the lower nodes(Fig. 6.). 7. The density of pod setting of the ear of main stem was the longest of all ears, and the lower nods were, the shorter it became. That had a tendency to the evidently apical growth. However. in the early variety, it was lengthened according to growth of ear-length(Fig.7). 8. The pod-length of the medium nodes was longer than the upper and lower, and the possitive correlation between pod-length and number of grain per poi was very high(Table 2.). 9. In the grain yield per node of primary branches, the most yielding node of transplanting was the upper 9th node, of dense-sowing 4-5th node(Fig 8.), and the possitive correlation between grain yield per node and ear-length or number of pod per ear was very high(Table 2). 10. The grain yield of ear of main stem was higher than that of primary branches in the percentage of dependence for grain yield per plant. The limint node of 50% of dependence to cumulative grain yield per plant was the upper 7-8th node in tranplanting, in the early dense-sowing 4-5th node, and in tke late dense-sowing-3th node(Fig. 9). 11. In the weight of 1, 000 grains the lower nodes were, the lighter it becames in dense-sowing. Therefore, this was also lighter than in the transplanting to the (Fig. 10.). 12. The oil content of grain at the medium nodes was low in the early variety, but at the ear of main stem and upper 1st node it was extremely high(Fig. 11.).

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.81-92
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• 2006

전세계적으로 RFID 기술에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 RFID 기술 및 서비스에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며 다양한 응용분야에 적용되고 있다. 특히, 국내에서는 휴대폰과 RFID를 결합한 모바일 RFID 시스템을 도입하고 있으므로 가까운 미래에 RFID의 도입이 크게 확대될 것으로 기대되고 있다. 하지만국내의 경우 미국에 비해 RFID 주파수 채널 수가 작고 한 채널의 점유 대역폭도 좁으므로 향후 RFID 도입이 확산됨에 따라 주파수 간섭 및 채널 용량의 제한 등의 문제가 대두될 것으로 예상된다. 본 고에서는 국내외 RFID 규격의 최신 동향을 살펴보고, RFID에서 발생하는 주파수 간섭 및 이를 해결하기 위한 Medium Access 기술의 최신 동향을 살펴보고자 한다.