• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.345-356
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• 2013

The purpose of this study includes: the relationships between corporate entrepreneurship(innovation, proactiveness, risk-taking) and firm performance(non-financial performance, financial performance) and the mediating effect of the self-efficacy on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance. In order to verify the relationships and mediating effect, data were collected from 368 individuals in employees working in small and medium-sized firms at Gyeongnam region to test theoretical model and its hypotheses. All data collected from the survey were analyzed using with SPSS 18.0. This study reports findings as follows: first, the relationship between the corporate entrepreneurship(except innovation) and the employee's self-efficacy is positively related. Second, there was also a positive correlation between the employee's self-efficacy and firm performance. Third, the relationship between the corporate entrepreneurship and the non-financial performance is positively related. The relationship between the corporate entrepreneurship(except innovation) and the financial performance is positively related. Finally, the employee's self-efficacy played as a partial mediator on the relationship between risk-taking and firm performance. The employee's self-efficacy played as a fully mediator on the relationship between proactiveness and non-financial performance. The employee's self-efficacy played as a partial mediator on the relationship between proactiveness and financial performance. However, there was no empirical evidence for the mediating effect of employee's self-efficacy on the relationship innovation and firm performance. Based on these findings, the implications and the limitations of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.600-616
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of power blog self-presentation and on-line shopping mall reviews on the word of mouth (WOM) effect and apparel purchasing behavior. Consumers living in Seoul and Gyeonggi received questionnaires. There were 303 usable forms that could be analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and regression analysis. The results were as follows: There was a significant effect of power blog self-presentation such as interactivity, media effect, and business intention on information acceptance through WOM. Power blog self-presentation, such as interactivity and business intention, affect information delivery by WOM significantly. There was a significant effect of review consideration, such as agreement, usefulness, enjoyment, and purity, on information acceptance of WOM. Reviews describing enjoyment, purity, and usefulness affect information delivery of WOM significantly. Business intention, media effect, and purity directly affect apparel-purchasing behavior, and affect the WOM effect as a mediator variable and then purchasing behavior. Whereas, interactivity, overstatement, and enjoyment affect the WOM effect as a mediator variable, and then affect overall purchasing behavior. Therefore, fashion firms consider active interaction with power blog visitors and promote the way of enjoying with fun through review of apparel on-line shopping mall when they try to implement viral marketing with WOM effect.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1855-1866
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• 2017

The synergistic activation mediator (SAM) system can robustly activate endogenous gene expression by a single-guide RNA. This transcriptional modulation has been shown to enhance gene promoter activity and leads to epigenetic changes. Human $interferon-{\gamma}$ is a common natural glycoprotein involved in antiviral effects and inhibition of cancer cell growth. Large quantities of high-purity $interferon-{\gamma}$ are important for medical research and clinical therapy. To investigate the possibility of employing the SAM system to enhance endogenous human $interferon-{\gamma}$ with normal function in innate immunity, we designed 10 single-guide RNAs that target 200 bp upstream of the transcription start sites of the $interferon-{\gamma}$ genome, which could significantly activate the $interferon-{\gamma}$ promoter reporter. We confirmed that the system can effectively and highly activate $interferon-{\gamma}$ expression in several humanized cell lines. Moreover, we found that the $interferon-{\gamma}$ induced by the SAM system could inhibit tumorigenesis. Taken together, our results reveal that the SAM system can modulate epigenetic traits of non-immune cells through activating $interferon-{\gamma}$ expression and triggering JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Thus, this strategy could offer a novel approach to inhibit tumorigenesis without using exogenous $interferon-{\gamma}$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.428-437
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• 2007

The potential for humic substances to serve as terminal electron acceptors in microbial respiration and the effects of humic substances on microbial azoreduction were investigated. The dissimilatory azoreducing microorganism Shewanella decolorationis S12 was able to conserve energy to support growth from electron transport to humics coupled to the oxidation of various organic substances or $H_2$. Batch experiments suggested that when the concentration of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS), a humics analog, was lower than 3 mmol/l, azoreduction of strain S12 was accelerated under anaerobic condition. However, there was obvious inhibition to azoreduction when the concentration of the AQS was higher than 5 mmol/l. Another humics analog, anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQDS), could still prominently accelerate azoreduction, even when the concentration was up to 12 mmol/l, but the rate of acceleration gradually decreased with the increasing concentration of the AQDS. Toxic experiments revealed that AQS can inhibit growth of strain S12 if the concentration past a critical one, but AQDS had no effect on the metabolism and growth of strain S12 although the concentration was up to 20 mmol/l. These results demonstrated that a low concentration of humic substances not only could serve as the terminal electron acceptors for conserving energy for growth, but also act as redox mediator shuttling electrons for the anaerobic azoreduction by S. decolorationis S12. However, a high concentration of humic substances could inhibit the bacterial azoreduction, resulting on the one hand from the toxic effect on cell metabolism and growth, and on the other hand from competion with azo dyes for electrons as electron acceptor.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-30
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study examines the mediating effect of clan leadership in the relationship between hierarchy culture and organizational commitment. Most previous research focused on the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance or organizational culture and job satisfaction. There are few empirical studies that focus on organizational commitment data because it is difficult to collect in many cases of export-driven small and medium sized enterprises. However, this research measures affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment differently than previous research, which is mostly focused on the hierarchy culture, clan leadership, and organizational commitment measurements. Research design, data, methodology: Conceptual research model is based on the studies of Cameron and Quinn (2011), and Gungor and Sahin (2018). The model is designed with three constructs such as hierarchy culture, organizational commitment, and clan leadership. The monitor culture and coordinator culture are as proxy for the hierarchy culture. The affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment are as proxy for the organizational commitment. And also the facilitator leadership and mentor leadership are as proxy for the clan leadership. Based on three hundred cases such as export-driven small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), this study verify the hypothesis. Hypothesis was analyzed with the structural equation modeling. Results: In case of export-driven small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), clan leadership acts as a mediator in the relationship between hierarchy culture and organizational commitment. In case of export-driven small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) with high organizational commitment, clan leadership acts as a mediator in the relationship between hierarchy culture and organizational commitment. In case of export-driven small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) with low organizational commitment, clan leadership did not act as a mediator in the relationship between hierarchy culture and organizational commitment. Conclusions: By controlling for the mediating effect of clan culture, this study have improved the academic contributions as well as policy and practical implications through empirical study of clan leadership that affect organizational commitment in the fields of hierarchy culture. In addition, this study means that the mediating effects on the variables of clan leadership were examined.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.135-157
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• 2004

This study was motivated from the proposition that readiness for self-sufficiency is important for future independent life of poor adolescents. This study focused on analyzing the effect of empowerment as a mediator as well as analyzing the effects of predictive factors of readiness for their self-sufficiency. For conducting this study, a survey method was used on 240 poor adolescents residing in Seoul. This study used path analysis method for analyzing mediator effect of empowerment. In the results, Statistically significant variables that had effect on readiness for self sufficiency through empowerment(intrapersonal, interpersonal, sociopolitical) were family relations and peer relations. Participation in social organization variable had a positive influence on readiness for self-sufficiency through interpersonal empowerment and sociopolitacal empowerment. Problematic variable had a negative influence on readiness for self-sufficiency through interpersonal empowerment. Such results provided knowledge foundations for diverse social work approaches related to promoting empowerment. Specifically, this study shows that diverse social services are necessary for promoting poor adolescents readiness and social work interventions are necessary for strengthening adolescents empowerment.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2018

Objective: Anxiety has been shown to influence functional impairment in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to compare functional impairment in subjects with and without adult ADHD and to investigate the associations among trait anxiety, functional impairment, and ADHD symptom severity. Moreover, the effects of ADHD symptom subtypes on trait anxiety and functional impairment were also examined. Methods: The sample included 209 adults between the ages of 20 and 31 years. Fifty-one adults received a diagnosis of ADHD, and an additional age, sex-matched group of 51 adults comprised the adult control. Participants were assessed with Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Spielberg Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). The relationships among ADHD severity, anxiety, and functional impairment were investigated using Pearson's correlation analysis. Subtypes of ADHD symptoms that predicted anxiety and functional impairment were investigated using regression analyses. Results: Adult ADHD patients significantly differed from normal control subjects according to BDI, STAI-T, and SDS assessment. Significant positive correlations were noted between ADHD severity, anxiety, and functional impairment. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed anxiety as a mediator between functional impairment and ADHD CAARS symptom subscales. Conclusion: Patients with adult ADHD showed higher levels of anxiety, depression, and functional impairment. Additionally, ADHD symptoms and anxiety impacted subject functional impairment. Our results suggest that anxiety may be a strong mediator between ADHD severity and functional impairment.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.399-409
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• 2014

The purpose of this study includes: Firstly, to examine the effects of procedural justice and job significance on value of work, psychological ownership, and job satisfaction. Secondly, to examine the mediating effect of the value of work, psychological ownership on the relationship between procedural justice, job significance and job satisfaction. For the study, the data was collected from convenient sample of 273 nurses at university hospital in a city to test theoretical model and its hypotheses. All data collected from the survey were analyzed using with SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. This study reports findings as followed: first, the relationship between the procedural justice and the value of work is positively related. Second, there was also a positive correlation between the procedural justice and the psychological ownership. Third, there was also a positive correlation between the job significance and the value of work. Fourth, the relationship between the job significance and the psychological ownership is positively related. Fifth, there was also a positive correlation between the value of work and the psychological ownership. Sixth, there was also a positive correlation between the procedural justice and the job satisfaction. Seventh, the relationship between the job significance and the job satisfaction is positively related. Eighth, there was also a positive correlation between the value of work and the job satisfaction. Ninth, there was also a positive correlation between the psychological ownership and the job satisfaction. Finally, the value of work and psychological ownership played as a partial mediator on the relationship between procedural justice and job satisfaction. Also, the value of work and psychological ownership played as a partial mediator on the relationship between job significance and job satisfaction. Based on these findings, the limitations of the study and some directions for future studies were presented.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.327-339
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of group home adolescents' depression on school resilience with focusing on mediator effect of self-esteem. Data were collected from nationwide 64 group homes by mailing questionnaire survey between August 19th to September 13th, 2013. One hundred seventy two adolescents were responded. The major findings were as follows: First, group home adolescents' depression had negative effect on school resilience. Second, their depression had also negative effect on self-esteem. Finally, self-esteem proved to have a mediating effect on the effect of depression on school resilience overall. Based on the results, the implications for social work practice and policy were suggested.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

SunBangHwalMyungEum (SBH) has the effects of subduing swelling, resolving masses and alleviating pain in traditional oriental medicine. Recent studies showed that SunBangHwalMyungEum produced anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immuno-modulatory effects. However there is lack of studies regarding the effects of SBH on the immunological activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SBH on the regulatory mechanism of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in Raw 264.7 cells. Methods : After the treatment of SBH, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was determined by immunoblot analysis, and levels of cytokine were analyzed by sandwich immunoassays. Results : Results provided evidence that SBH inhibited the production of NO, iNOS, $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($(IL-1{\beta})$), IL-6, and the activation of phospholylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ in Raw 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide. Conclusions : These findings suggest that SBH can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may play a role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.