• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8661-8666
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• 2014

Background: Docetaxel and cisplatin in combination with fluorouracil (DCF) regimen is accepted to be one of the standard regimens in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, substantial toxicity has limited its use in daily clinical practice. Therefore, modification of DCF regimens, including introduction of capecitabine has been investigated to improve the safety profiles. In the present study, the efficacy and toxicity of a regimen with a modified dose of docetaxel and cisplatin in combination with oral capecitabine (DCX) was evaluated in untreated patients with HER2-negative advanced gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four patients with HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer were included in this cohort. Patients received docetaxel $60mg/m^2$ plus cisplatin $60mg/m^2$ (day 1) combined with capecitabine $1650mg/m^2$ (days 1-14) every 3 weeks. Treatment response, survival, and toxicity were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The median age was 54 years (range: 24-76). The majority of patients (70%) had metastatic disease, while 11 patients (21%) had recurrent disease and underwent curative gastrectomy, and 5 patients (9%) had locally advanced disease (LAD). The median number of DCX cycles was 4. There were 28 partial responses and 11 complete responses, with an overall response rate of 72%. Curative surgery could be performed in four patients among five with LAD. At the median follow-up of 10 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort of patients were 7.4 and 12.1 months, respectively. Dose modification was done in 12 patients due to toxicity in 8 and noncompliance in 4 patients. The most common hematological toxicity was neutropenia, which occurred at grade 3-4 intensity in 10 of 54 patients (27.7%). Febrile neutropenia was diagnosed only in two cases. Conclusions: DCX regimen offers prominent anti-tumor activity and considered to be effective first-line treatment with manageable toxicity for patients with HER2-negative advanced gastric cancer.

• Journal of Advanced Information Technology and Convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 2019

In this paper, the image is received from the camera and the lane is sensed. There are various ways to detect lanes. Generally, the method of detecting edges uses a lot of the Sobel edge detection and the Canny edge detection. The minimum use of multiplication and division is used when designing for the hardware configuration. The images are tested using a black box image mounted on the vehicle. Because the top of the image of the used the black box is mostly background, the calculation process is excluded. Also, to speed up, YCbCr is calculated from the image and only the data for the desired color, white and yellow lane, is obtained to detect the lane. The median filter is used to remove noise from images. Intermediate filters excel at noise rejection, but they generally take a long time to compare all values. In this paper, by using addition, the time can be shortened by obtaining and using the result value of the median filter. In case of the Sobel edge detection, the speed is faster and noise sensitive compared to the Canny edge detection. These shortcomings are constructed using complementary algorithms. It also organizes and processes data into parallel processing pipelines. To reduce the size of memory, the system does not use memory to store all data at each step, but stores it using four line buffers. Three line buffers perform mask operations, and one line buffer stores new data at the same time as the operation. Through this work, memory can use six times faster the processing speed and about 33% greater quantity than other methods presented in this paper. The target operating frequency is designed so that the system operates at 50MHz. It is possible to use 2157fps for the images of 640by360 size based on the target operating frequency, 540fps for the HD images and 240fps for the Full HD images, which can be used for most images with 30fps as well as 60fps for the images with 60fps. The maximum operating frequency can be used for larger amounts of the frame processing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3157-3161
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• 2014

Background: Unlike for fit elderly metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, general approaches to initial treatment for the frail older mCRC patients are not clear. Our aim was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of first-line single-agent treatment in one such group. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated mCRC patients aged 70 or older with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of 2. They had no prior treatment and underwent first-line single-agent capecitabine or other monotherapies until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: Thirty-six patients were included. Most (n:28, 77.8%) were treated with capecitabine. One patient achieved a complete response and 5 patients had a partial response for an overall response rate of 16.6%. Twelve patients (33.3%) remained stable. Median progression free survival was 5 months (confidence interval (CI), %; 3.59-6.40) and median overall survival was 10 months (95 CI%; 8.1-11.8). Grade 3-4 toxicity was found in 6 patients (16.6%). Febrile neutropenia was not observed and there were no toxicity-associated deaths. Conclusions: Capecitabine is a safe chemotherapeutic agent with moderate activity for first-line treatment of older metastatic colorectal cancer patients with limited performance status.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.9
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• pp.67-77
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• 1989

This study is concerned with the accuracy, the pattern of error with which subjects can interpolate the location of a pointer or a target between two graduation markers with various size on CRT display. Stimuli were graphic images on CRT with a linear, end-marked, ungraduated scales having a target for t base-line sizes. The location of a target is estimated in units over the range 1-99. Smallest error of estimates was at the near ends and middle of the base-line. The median error was less 2 units, modal error was 1, and most error(;99.6%) was within 10. Subjects had a more tendency to overestimate than to underestimate at the left-part of base-line in all siges, and an opposite tendency at the right-part. A proper size to minimize the interpolation error exists such that size 500. It is suggested that interpolation of fifths and even tenths will give a reguired accuracy for certain situations, and relative location and base-line size has a relevant attribute to interpolate.

• Strategy21
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• s.30
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• pp.177-199
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• 2012

As is generally known, the sovereignty dispute over the Senkaku Islands between China/Taiwan and Japan was triggered by a report commissioned by the UN in 1968, which reported the possibility of a substantial amount of petroleum and natural gas buried in the South China Sea. When the administrative authority over the Ryukyu Islands was transferred from the US to Japan in 1972, jurisdiction over the Senkaku Islands was also transferred. A dispute ensued between China (Taiwan) and Japan over the Senkaku Islands except during the period in which formal relations were established between the two states. This paper will take a look particularly at the events that occurred in the 2000's and discuss their recent trends and aspects of the dispute. Though China and Japan agreed to joint resource development in 2008, the agreed zone was a very small area adjacent to the Korea-Japan Joint Continental Shelf Development Zone, and the points of agreement have not been implemented. China has been developing four oil fields including Chunxiao in its waters adjacent to the median line asserted by Japan. However, China also has been excluding the participation of Japan, while Japan has been strongly objecting to the unilateral development of oil fields by China. If indeed the oil fields on China's side are connected past the median line asserted by Japan, then China's unilateral development will infringe upon the potential sovereign rights of Japan, thereby violating international law.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.719-741
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• 2014

Monitoring surface cracks is important to ensure the health of concrete structures. However, traditional visual inspection to monitor the concrete cracks has disadvantages such as subjective inspection nature, associated time and cost, and possible danger to inspectors. To alter the visual inspection, a complete procedure for automated crack assessment based on adaptive digital image processing has been proposed in this study. Crack objects are extracted from the images using the subtraction with median filter and the local binarization using the Niblack's method. To adaptively. determine the optimal window sizes for the median filter and the Niblack's method without distortion of crack object an optimal filter size index (OFSI) is proposed. From the extracted crack objects using the optimal size of window, the crack objects are decomposed to the crack skeletons and edges, and the crack width is calculated using 4-connected normal line according to the orientation of the local skeleton line. For an image, a crack width nephogram is obtained to have an intuitive view of the crack distribution. The proposed procedure is verified from a test on a concrete reaction wall with various types of cracks. From the crack images with different crack widths and patterns, the widths of cracks in the order of submillimeters are calculated with high accuracy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3255-3261
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• 2013

Background: The efficacy of erlotinib is controversial in patients with unknown EGFR mutational status. The aim of this study was to identify the clinicopathological factors that are predictive of erlotinob treatment outcomes for NSCLC patients with unknown EGFR mutational status. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 109 patients with advanced NSCLC who had previously failed at least one line of chemotherapy and received subsequent treatment with erlotinib (150 mg/day orally) was performed. A Cox proportional hazard model for univariate and multivariate analyses was used to identify the baseline clinical parameters correlating with treatment outcome, expressed in terms of hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The median treatment duration was 15 weeks (range, 4-184). The disease control rate was 55%, including disease stability for ${\geq}3$ months for 40% of the patients. Median progression-free survival and median overall survival (OS) were 4.2 and 8.5 months, respectively. The Cox model indicated that an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ${\geq}2$ (HR 3.82; p<0.001), presence of intra-abdominal metastasis (HR 3.42; p=0.002), 2 or more prior chemotherapy regimens (HR 2.29; p=0.021), and weight loss >5% (HR 2.05; p=0.034) were independent adverse prognostic factors for OS in NSCLC patients treated with erlotinib. Conclusions: This study suggests that NSCLC patients should be enrolled in erlotinib treatment after a first round of unsuccessful chemotherapy to improve treatment success, during which they should be monitored for intra-abdominal metastasis and weight loss.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.67-73
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• 2015

In a distribution of digital image, there is a serious problem that is the image alteration by a forger. For the problem solution, this paper proposes the forensic decision algorithm of a median filtering (MF) image using the feature vector based on a coefficient of variation (c.v.) of Fourier transform. In the proposed algorithm, we compute Fourier transform (FT) coefficients of row and column line respectively of an image first, then c.v. between neighboring lines is computed. Subsquently, 10 Dim. feature vector is defined for the MF detection. On the experiment of MF detection, the proposed scheme is compared to MFR (Median Filter Residual) and Rhee's MF detection schemes that have the same 10 Dim. feature vector both. As a result, the performance is excellent at Unaltered, JPEG (QF=90), Down scaling (0.9) and Up scaling (1.1) images, and it showed good performance at Gaussian filtering ($3{\times}3$) image. However, in the performance evaluation of all measured items of the proposed scheme, AUC (Area Under ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) Curve) by the sensitivity and 1-specificity approached to 1 thus, it is confirmed that the grade of the performance evaluation is rated as 'Excellent (A)'.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2018

Background: In Korea, stomach cancer is the second most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. the time of diagnosis is very important for treatment so early detection and surgery are currently considered the mainstay of treatment, when diagnosed advanced with tumor extension through the gastric wall and direct extension into other organs, with metastatic involvement. Recently, new drugs, drug combinations, and multimodal approaches have been used to treat this disease and In cancers over expressing or amplifying HER2, the combination of cisplatin-fluoropyrimidine-trastuzumab is considered to be the treatment of reference. but At present, the choice of treatment schedule for HER2-negative tumors is based on the medical institution's preferences and adverse effects profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using FOLFOX regimen as a first-line therapy or a salvage therapy in the patients with HER2-negative advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. Methods: We retrospective reviewed the patient medical record from March 2012 to July 2017. This study evaluated 113 patients. Sixty-eight patients were treated with the FOLFOX regimen for the first time (first-line group) and 45 patients were treated with the FOLFOX regimen as a second (35 patients) or third (10 patients) chemotherapy (salvage group). Results: In the first-line group, the response rate was 54.9%. In the salvage therapy group, the response rate was 24.4% and The difference was statistically significant (p=0.205). The median TTP of the first-line group was 10.7 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 7.8-13.7 months) and that of salvage line group was 6.1 months (95% CI, 3.8-8.4 months). The median OS of the first-line group was 15.8 months (95% CI, 12.7-18.9 months) and that of the salvage therapy group was 10.2 months (95% CI, 8.2-11.9 months). drug toxicity was similar andtolerable between two groups. Conclusion: In patients with unresctable metastatic gastric cancer, after failing to respond to first-line therapy, most patients have no alternative other than second-line therapy because the disease is highly progressive. if the performance status of the patient is good enough to be eligible to treatments beyond best supportive care. FOLFOX regimen can be a considerable therapeutic option for salvage treatment.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.36-42
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• 2007

According to the increased demand of high quality multimedia content, it needs to recover an old movies. But the film of old movie is damaged with line scratches and dust. In this paper, the detection and restoration algorithm of B/W line scratch is proposed. Our scheme estimates and interpolates the damaged partial information of line scratch using the linear recursive curve trace which consider the intensity values of left and right region of line scratch and then median filtering processed. As a result, the film image PSNR 44.68 with B/W line scratch is increased up to 48.60 and the intensity of the interpolate pixel is approached about 14 against the pixel of original image.