• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.268-276
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• 2010

This study was to investigate the knee joint flexion angle and the foot pressure during climbing with different slope. The 24 healthy subjects were participated. And foot pressure was investigated using Parotec system. The knee joint flexion angle were filmed to using a video camera on each slope($0^{\circ},\;3^{\circ},\;6{\circ},\;9^{\circ}$). And knee joint angle was investigated by Dartfish. The data were analyzed ANOVAs. In conclusion, there was significantly different that knee joint flexion angle related on each slope angle. In foot pressure, there was significantly different in lateral heel area(1 cell), medial midfoot area(9 cell), medial forefoot area(15, 16 cell) of left foot, and in lateral heel area(3 cell) of right foot. There was significantly different of foot pressure in lateral and medial heel when knee joint flexion angle is between $10^{\circ}$ and $20^{\circ}$. There was change of gait cycle according to walking slop angle increasing, and the initial contact phase was shorter, the foot pressure in lateral heel was lower.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.31-41
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the angle of a wedged insole on knee varus torque during walking. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited. Knee varus torque was measured using three-dimensional motion analysis (Elite). Knee varus torque was normalized to gait cycle (0%: initial contact; 100%: ipsilateral initial contact) and stance phase (0%: initial contact; 100%: ipsilateral toe off). The average peaks of knee varus torque during the stance phase of the gait cycle according to the different insole angles (10 or 15 degrees) were compared using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results showed that in the early stance phase, the average peak knee varus torque increased significantly for both the medial 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions and decreased significantly for both the lateral 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions as compared with no insole (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences between the 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions with either the medial or lateral wedged insole (p>.05). In the late stance phase, the average peak knee varus torque increased significantly for the medial 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions (p<.05), but not for the lateral 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions as compared with no insole (p>.05). We suggest that these results may be beneficial for manufacturing foot orthotic devices, such as wedged insoles, to control medial and lateral compartment forces in the knee varus-valgus deformity. Further studies of the effects of wedged insole angle on knee varus torque in patients with medial-lateral knee osteoarthritis are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

The purpose are to assess the efficacy of a contact lateral-wedged insole with strapping on the femorotibial angle in patients with varus deformity osteoarthritis of the knee after treatment period. 25 outpatients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were randomized to be treated with a contact lateral-wedge insole with strapping. Standing radiographs were used to analyze the femorotibial angle for each subject. The result of repeated two-way ANOVA's reveled that a contact lateral-wedged insole with strapping produced significantly differences in the femorotibial angle between groups after treatment period (P<0.05). and repeated one-way ANOVA's reveled that it produced significantly differences in the femorotibial angle between experimental groups after treatment period (P<0.05). We suggest that these results may be beneficial for manufacturing foot orthotic devices, such as wedged insoles, to control medial and later compartment forces in the knee varus-valgus deformity.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2005

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is often attributed to malalignment and maltracking of patella within the patellofemoral joint. Most exercise for PFPS has focused on selectively strengthening the vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO). This study was designed to identify the effect of medial, lateral wedge and difference of Quadriceps angle (Q-angle) on vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis muscle (VL) activity ratios. The subjects were twenty young adult males who had not experienced any knee injury. They were asked to perform isometric contraction exercises in three postures using medial and lateral wedge. The EMG activity of the VL and VMO were recorded in three postures by surface electrodes and normalized by %MVC values derived from seated, isometric knee extensions. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVC) of the VL and VMO for the three postures of the lower extremities were compared using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA with 1 between-subject factor (group), and 1 within-subject factor (wedge). Results of repeated measures of ANOVA's revealed that the medial wedge isometric contraction exercise produced significantly greater EMG activity of VMO/VL ratios in Group I (Q-angle $18^{\circ}$ or less) (p<.05). But, the medial wedge isometric contraction exercise was no significant difference of VMO/VL ratios in Group II (Q-angle $19^{\circ}$ or more) (p>.05). These results have important implications for selective VMO muscle strengthening exercises in PFPS patients.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.102-106
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• 2013

■ Objectives The purpose of the this study was to investigate organization change(pennation angle) of lower extremity muscle in elderly with knee osteoarthritis through ultrasonic image. Also, we examined organizational change of muscle was by influenced after total knee replacement(TKR). ■ Methods Rectus femoris image was taken at 50% of the distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and the superior border of the patella. Vastus medialis image was taken at the most distal insertion level of vastus medialis on the medial border of the patella. measurements included the most distal insertion level of the vastus medialis on the medial border of the patella. ■ Results Change of pennation angle in rectus femoris showed decrease from 5.11° in preoperation to 4.29° in 1 week after operation. Change of pennation angle in vastus medialis showed decrease from 6.94° in preoperation to 5.76° in 1 week after operation. ■ Conclusion We consider decrease of pennation angle after total knee replacement in this study was casued by organizational change of muscle and this pennation angle was influenced force created by muscle. Therefore, we thinks that this pennation angle through ultrasonic image will be available to plane individual muscle exercise program and to confirm muscle mass by muscle strength training.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of taping-tape with or without using spiral taping on vertical jump. The subjects for this study were about 20 years old healthy male college students without muscloskeletal diseases. Data for EMG activity and Ground Reaction Force(GRF) were estimated at three knee angles(i.e., 45, 90 & full degree). As a result, there was no statistical significance in max GRF at 90 and full degree regardless of spiral taping-tape. On the other hand, statistical significance was found when vertically jumping at 45 degree knee angle(p<.05). All the data for EMG activity at the three knee angles were not statistically significant, but there was a trend for a decrease in average EMG activity in elector spinae & Medial gastrocnemius at 90 degree knee angle. Based on these data, initial flexor action of knee was stabilized with spiral taping-tape when vertically jumping, resulting in improved muscular activity in Medial gastrocnemius. In conclusion, taping technique for jumping ability associated muscles like quadriceps is also required to develop.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1025-1030
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined wedge on the range of motion in ankle and knee joint, ankle eversion moment and knee adduction moment, and center of pressure excursion of foot for genu varus among adult men during gait. This study was carried out with 10 adult men for genu varus in a motion analysis laboratory in J university. The subjects of the experiment were measured above 5cm width between the knees on contact of both medial malleolus of ankle while standing. The width of their knees in neutral position was measured without the inversion or eversion of the subtalar joint by the investigator. The subjects of the experiment were ten who were conducted randomly for standard insole, insole with $10^{\circ}$ lateral on rear foot wedge, insole at $10^{\circ}$lateral on rear foot and $5^{\circ}$ medial on fore foot wedge. Before and after intervention, changes on the range of motion in ankle and knee joint, ankle eversion moment and knee adduction moment, and center of pressure excursion were measured. In order to compare analyses among groups; repeated one-way ANOVA and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post hoc test were used. As a result, combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to control wedge group in terms of knee varus angle in mid-stance(p<.05). Combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to lateral wedge group in terms of ankle eversion moment in whole stance(p<.05). Combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to lateral wedge group in terms of knee adduction moment in whole stance(p<.05). Combined wedge group was significantly decreased compared to lateral wedge in terms of center of pressure excursion in whole stance(p<.05). The results of this study suggest that combined wedge for genu varus decreased ankle eversion moment and knee adduction moment upon center of pressure excursion. We hypothesize that combined wedge may also be effective in the protection excessive ankle pronation.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine changes in the muscle activity of the triceps surae, specifically the gastrocnemius and the soleus, depending on the angle of the knee joint during the manual muscle test (MMT) of the plantar flexion of the ankle. The muscle activity of the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius was statistically significantly reduced when the angle of the knee joint was $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, and $45^{\circ}$ compared to when the angle was $0^{\circ}$. However, there was no statistically significant difference in muscle activity at the angles of $15^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ or $45^{\circ}$. There was no statistically significant difference in the muscle activity of the soleus depending on the angle of the knee joint. The ratio of the muscle activity of the soleus to that of the triceps surae showed a statistically significant increase when the angle was $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$ compared to when the angle was $0^{\circ}$. However, there was no statistically significant difference in muscle activity at the angles of $15^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ or $45^{\circ}$. When the angle of the knee joint was $15^{\circ}$ or higher during the test of the isolated soleus, the muscle activity of the gastrocnemius was reduced. These results indicate that the angle is suitable for the test of the isolated soleus, but there was no statistically significant difference in the muscle activity of the gastrocnemius when the angle was higher than $15^{\circ}$. Therefore, it can be concluded that the most suitable angle of the knee joint for the isolated MMT test of the soleus is $15^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

Background: Despite the positive effects of the self-gravity acupressure program on genu varum correction, no systematic observation has yet to be made. Purpose: In this study, the effect of the self-gravity acupressure program on varus knee correction was confirmed retrospectively by comparing the medial angle of the knee before and after the self-gravity acupressure program. Methods: Fifty people with varus knees were subjected to a 75-minute acupressure program while lying on an acupressure tool, and then the medial knee angles were compared before and after the program. Results: The average angle of the inside of the knee of the study subjects increased by 7.29±3.85° (p<.000) on the left side and 7.08±3.86° (p<.000) on the right side after the acupressure program was implemented, indicating that the study subject's varus knee significantly improved even after applying for a short period time. It was confirmed. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the self-gravity acupressure is a valuable program for correcting the genus varus. However, to use the results of this study clinically in the future, further studies are required to optimize the mechanism and clinical effects of the self-gravity acupressure program on the improvement of the genu varus knee.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.497-503
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of triceps surae activation during heel raise test in standing among knee flexion angles($0^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$). METHODS: Twenty healthy individuals performed unilateral plantarflexion in standing with $0^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$ knee flexion. Activity of medial gastrocnemius(MG), lateral gastrocnemius(LG), soleus(Sol) was recorded with surface electromyography(EMG). RESULT: The muscle activations induced the four different positions were compared and results showed that was significant difference MG and LG while the angle increase from $0^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$ but Sol did not show significant differences in every angle. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that $30^{\circ}C$ knee flexion is required to induce a significant mechanical disadvantage of gastrocnemius.