• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.445-469
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• 2024

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has recommended the use of AASHTOWare Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical Design (PMED) software for Roller-Compacted Concrete (RCC) pavement design, but specific calibration for RCC is missing. This study investigates the software's capacity to predict the long-term performance of RCC roadways within the framework of conventional concrete pavement calibration. By reanalyzing existing RCC projects in several U.S. states: Colorado, Arkansas, South Carolina, Texas, and Illinois, the study highlights the need for specific calibration tailored to the unique characteristics of RCC. Field observations have emphasized occurrence of early distresses in RCC pavements, particularly transverse-cracking and joint-related issues. Despite data challenges, the AASHTOWare PMED software exhibits notable correlation between its long-term predictions and actual field performance in RCC roadways. This study stresses that RCC applications with insufficient joint spacing and thickness are prone to premature cracking. To enhance the accuracy of RCC pavement design, it is essential to discuss the inclusion of RCC as a dedicated rigid pavement option in AASHTOWare PMED. This becomes particularly crucial when the rising popularity of RCC roadways in the U.S. and Canada is considered. Such an inclusion would solidify RCC as a viable third option alongside Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCP) and Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements (CRCP) for design and deployment of rigid pavements. The research presents a roadmap for future calibration endeavors and advocates for the integration of RCC pavement as a distinct pavement type within the software. This approach holds promise for achieving more precise RCC pavement design and performance predictions.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.859-869
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• 2016

Component-scale modeling of boiling is predominantly based on the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid approach. Within this framework, wall boiling is accounted for via the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) model and, within this model, the bubble is characterized using three main parameters: departure diameter (D), nucleation site density (N), and departure frequency (f). Typically, the magnitudes of these three parameters are obtained from empirical correlations. However, in recent years, efforts have been directed toward mechanistic modeling of the boiling process. Of the three parameters mentioned above, the departure diameter (D) is least affected by the intrinsic uncertainties of the nucleate boiling process. This feature, along with its prominence within the RPI boiling model, has made it the primary candidate for mechanistic modeling ventures. Mechanistic modeling of D is mostly carried out through solving of force balance equations on the bubble. Forces incorporated in these equations are formulated as functions of the radius of the bubble and have been developed for, and applied to, low-pressure conditions only. Conversely, for high-pressure conditions, no mechanistic information is available regarding the growth rates of bubbles and the forces acting on them. In this study, we use direct numerical simulation coupled with an interface tracking method to simulate bubble growth under high (up to 45 bar) pressure, to obtain the kind of mechanistic information required for an RPI-type approach. In this study, we compare the resulting bubble growth rate curves with predictions made with existing experimental data.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

현재 도로 설계는 기존의 경험적인 설계법에서 역학적인 설계법으로 바뀌고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 전환기에서 세계 많은 도로국들은 역학적-경험적인 도로 설계법을 개발하고 있고 혹은 이미 채택하여 적용하고 있다. 이에 실제 미국 미시간 도로국에서 나온 자료를 바탕으로 역학적-경험적 설계법을 개발하였다. 이 역학적-경험적 설계법의 연결 함수 (transfer function)로 사용될 소성 변형 예측 모델과 피로 균열 예측 모델도 함께 개발되었다. 여기서는 이 설계법을 개발하는데 사용된 자료와 예측 모델, 설계 알고리듬등이 소개된다. 이 설계법의 검증을 위해 기존의 경험적 설계법에 의한 설계와 새로 제시된 설계법에 의한 설계가 비교된다. 새로 설계된 설계법은 설계자 혹은 사용자가 도로 파손의 기준을 정량적으로 정함으로서 좀더 구체적으로 설계를 할 수가 있다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.218-219
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• 2002

In the past, the development of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models for quantitating the time course of drug responses was mainly based on two types of models, the empirical effect compartment model that simply accounts for the delay between effect and plasma concentration (hysteresis) and the mechanism-based so-called indirect response model. The first approach traces back to a paper by Segre (1) and its application was popularized by Holford and Sheiner (2); indirect response models were introduced by Jusko's group (3). (omitted)

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.2771-2782
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• 2022

When assessing the radiological consequences of postulated accident scenarios, it is of primary interest to determine the amount of radioactive fission gas accumulated in the fuel rod free volume. The state-of-the-art semi-empirical approach (ANS 5.4-2010) is reviewed and compared with a mechanistic approach to evaluate the release of radioactive fission gases. At the intra-granular level, the diffusion-decay equation is handled by a spectral diffusion algorithm. At the inter-granular level, a mechanistic description of the grain boundary is considered: bubble growth and coalescence are treated as interrelated phenomena, resulting in the grain-boundary venting as the onset for the release from the fuel pellets. The outcome is a kinetic description of the release of radioactive fission gases, of interest when assessing normal and off-normal conditions. We implement the model in SCIANTIX and reproduce the release of short-lived fission gases, during the CONTACT 1 experiments. The results show a satisfactory agreement with the measurement and with the state-of-the-art methodology, demonstrating the model soundness. A second work will follow, providing integral fuel rod analysis by coupling the code SCIANTIX with the thermo-mechanical code TRANSURANUS.

• 셀메드
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.20.1-20.4
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• 2015

Ayurveda is often criticized for having empirical and non-evidence based approach to treat the patients. At the same time, modern medicine is also being criticized for having a non-holistic, reductionist and mechanistic approach of treating the patients which do not help in many real clinical situations. An open minded deduction of treatment approaches in both of these systems for a common patient however makes us to rethink that ideally both systems are similar with a common objective of offering a cure although in a manner which is better understood through their own methods of learning. The differences therefore, are more superficial rather than being deeply rooted in the understanding. A more tolerant viewpoint towards the competitive medical systems may therefore be a better approach to offer optimal health care to our people through a genuine amalgamation of these two health care sciences through an integrated approach. Once this tolerance is developed, it will give us an opportunity to think for a focused selection of type of health care depending upon the type of the disease and strength of the particular system in that area.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권5D호
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• pp.505-512
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• 2010

교통하중이 작용하는 기초지반의 성능 및 도로하부 지반에서의 변형예측을 위해서는 반복적인 교통하중하에서의 장기변형 예측이 필요하다. 그러나 도로와 철도와 같은 다층시스템에서의 장기변형을 예측하는 것은 쉽지 않은 일이다. 따라서 보다 정량적인 해석을 위해서는 적절한 해석방식, 재료모형, 그리고 재료의 상수들을 통한 역학-경험적인 방식이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 반복 교통하중에 의한 응력의존적인 기초 지반재료의 장기변형 거동 파악을 위해 반복 하중의 응력수준과 함수비 조건이 고려된 반복재하 장기변형실험을 실시한 결과를 분석하고 해석에 활용하였다. 여러 응력상태조건에서 기초 지반재료의 장기변형 특성이 반영된 유한요소해석을 실시하였고 장기변형 예측모델의 실내시험규모에서의 적용성을 평가하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to develop a simple regression model in designing the asphalt concrete (AC) overlay thickness using the Mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG) program. METHODS : To establish the AC overlay design equation, multiple regression analyses were performed based on the synthetic database for AC thickness design, which was generated using the MEPDG program. The climate in Seoul city, a modified Hirsh model for determining dynamic modulus of asphalt material, and a new damaged master curve approach were used in this study. Meanwhile, the proposed rutting model developed in Seoul city was then used to calibrate the rutting model in the MEPDG program. The AC overlay design equation is a function of the total AC thickness, the ratio of AC overlay thickness and existing AC thickness, the ratio of existing AC modulus and AC overlay modulus, the subgrade condition, and the annual average daily truck traffic (AADTT). RESULTS : The regression model was verified by comparing the predicted AC thickness, the AADTT from the model and the MEPDG. The regression model shows a correlation coefficient of 0.98 in determining the AC thickness and 0.97 in determining AADTT. In addition, the data in Seoul city was used to validate the regression model. The result shows that correlation coefficient between the predicted and measured AADTT is 0.64. This indicates that the current model is more accuracy than the previous study which showed a correlation coefficient of 0.427. CONCLUSIONS:The high correlation coefficient values indicate that the regression equations can predict the AC thickness accurately.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.182-191
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• 1999

The sorption of UO$_{2}$$^{2+}$ onto goethite and kaolinite under various experimental conditions was successfully interpreted using surface complexation modeling (SCM). The SCM approach used in this work is the triple-layer model (TLM) in which weakly bonded ions are modeled as outer-sphere (ion-pair) complexes and strongly bonded ions as inner-sphere (surface coordination) complexes. The change of ionic strength did not affect the U(VI) sorption onto goethite, thus the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes, (FeO)$_2$UO$_2$ and (FeO)$_2$(UO$_2$)$_3$OH$_{5}$ was assumed to simulate the effects of ionic strength and goethite concentration. On the other hand, the U(VI) sorption onto kaolinite showed ionic strength dependence, thus the formation of AlO-UO$_{2}$$^{2+}$(outer-sphere complex) and SiO(UO$_2$)$_3$OH$_{5}$ (inner-sphere complex) was assumed to simulate the experimental data. In the presence of carbonates, the sorption of U(VI) onto kaolinite decreased in the weakly alkaline pH range. This was well simulated assuming the formation of a outer-sphere surface complex, A1OH$^{2+}$- (UO$_2$)$_2$CO$_3$OH$_3$. Since SCM approach uses thermodynamic data such as surface complexation constants, it is more predictive than empirical modeling approach in which conditional values such as partition coefficient are used. used.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

아스팔트 포장에서 소성변형은 교통하중에 의해 발생하는 가장 심각한 파손중의 하나이다. 현재 개발중인 한국형 포장 설계법은 역학적-경험적 설계법으로 다양한 포장 파손 예측모델을 필요로 한다. 이 연구는 포장설계시 아스팔트층에서 발생하는 소성 변형량을 예측할 수 있는 모델을 개발하여 포장의 공용성을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 논문은 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형에 영향을 미치는 인자를 규명하고, 소성변형 예측 모델을 개발하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 3단계 온도, 공극률을 조합한 19mm 밀입도 혼합물에 대하여 삼축압축 반복재하시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 혼합물의 온도와 공극률이 소성변형 예측 모델 계수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 근거하여 19mm밀입도 아스팔트 혼합물에 대한 소성변형 예측식을 다중 회귀분석을 통하여 개발하였으며, 개발된 모델을 검증하였다.