• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1244-1249
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• 2010

Comparisons of properties between skeletal ryanodine receptor 1 (sRyR1)-heterozygous-mutated and normal types of meat were carried out in pigs using PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat found during the butchering process. All samples considered to be PSE meat showed irregular running and disorder of the muscle fibers and a wider inter-fiber space upon light microscopic observation. Electron microscopy revealed disintegration, twisting, and disorder of the myofibril arrangement and elimination of the Z line in PSE meat, compared with normal meat. Meat property tests demonstrated greater decreases in water holding capacity, moisture and sarcoplasmic protein, and higher $L^*$ values for the meat color index in PSE meat than in normal meat, but there were no differences in these factors between genetically normal and sRyR1-heterozygous PSE meat. On the other hand, higher $a^*$ and $b^*$ values were observed in sRyR1-heterozygous than in normal PSE meat, and similar alterations to the a* value were observed in terms of the amount of myoglobin and density of the 17-kDa protein band, corresponding to the molecular mass of myoglobin, on SDS-PAGE gels. These results suggest that sRyR1-heterozygous PSE pork contains much more myoglobin than genetically normal PSE meat.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2014

The consumption of meat is increasing in India and agriculture is considered as the backbone of a majority of people. Livestock plays a significant role, and poultry and dairy are the major sectors contributing to economic development. The majority of meats consumed in India are fish, bovine, mutton, goat, pig, and poultry. In Indian context, culture, traditions, customs, and taboos influence meat consumption to a great extent. However, studies show that urbanization has been causing a rise in demand for meat products. India is the world's second largest exporter of beef. In India, 95% of goat meat produced is consumed locally. Meat consumption, in particular, is determined by the religions where pork is forbidden to Muslims and beef is prohibited to Hindus. The preference and consumption of chicken meat can be considered as a universal phenomenon and chicken meat is greatly accepted by consumers in India as compared to the other meat consumption. The increase of chicken meat consumption is due to the versatility of the meat, relatively low cost in comparison to other meat, and the acceptance of the chicken meat to all religions. There has been a great rise in the production of livestock products and this is expected to continue in the future. The pattern of meat consumption depends considerably on culture, tradition and urbanization. This review was formulated with the objective of identifying the meat consumption patterns in a typical Indian society.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.329-341
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• 2017

Livestock is considered central component in agricultural sector of Pakistan, provides employment to more than 8 million families. Meat and meat products holds pivotal significance in meeting dietary requirements serving as major protein source and provide essential vitamins and minerals. Globally, consumer demand is increasing for healthy, hygienic and safe meat and meat products due to growing population, income level and food choices. As, food choices are mainly influenced by region, religion and economic level. However, religion is one of the major factor to influence the food choices. In this context, halal foods a growing trend, trade estimated to cross USD $ 3 trillion and among this, meat sector contribute about US$ 600 billion. Halal meat and allied products is requirement from Muslims but it is also accepted by non-Muslims due to safe and hygienic nature, nutritious value and superior quality. Pakistan meat industry is vibrant and has seen rigorous developments during last decade as government also showed interest to boost livestock production and processing facilities to meet increasing local and global demand. The industry has potential to grow owing to its natural animal rearing capability, muslim majority country (96% of total population), improvisation of market and consumer preference towards halal meat. Current review debates Pakistan meat industry scenario, production trend, global trade as well as future potential with respect to modernization, processing, distribution and trade. The data presented here is useful for meat producers, processors and people involved in export of Pakistani meat and meat based products.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2024

Interest and investment in cultivated meat are increasing because of the realization that it can effectively supply sufficient food resources and reduce the use of livestock. Nevertheless, accurate information on the specific technologies used for cultivated meat production and the characteristics of cultivated meat is lacking. Authorization for the use of cultivated meat is already underway in the United States, Singapore, and Israel, and other major countries are also expected to approve cultivated meat as food once the details of the intricate process of producing cultivated meat, which encompasses stages such as cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and assembly, is thoroughly established. The development and standardization of mass production processes and safety evaluations must precede the industrialization and use of cultivated meat as food. However, the technology for the industrialization of cultivated meat is still in its nascent stage, and the mass production process has not yet been established. The mass production process of cultivated meat may not be easy to disclose because it is related to the interests of several companies or research teams. However, the overall research flow shows that equipment development for mass production and cell acquisition, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as for three-dimensional production supports and bioreactors have not yet been completed. Therefore, additional research on the mass production process and safety of cultivated meat is essential. The consumer's trust in the cultivated meat products and production technologies recently disclosed by some companies should also be analyzed and considered for guiding future developments in this industry. Furthermore, close monitoring by academia and the government will be necessary to identify fraud in the cultivated meat industry.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to measure the effects of disgust with meat mediating the factors influencing pork consumption. The total of 250 questionnaires were completed. The structural equation model was used to measure the causal effect among constructs. The results demonstrated that the confirmatory factor analysis model provided an excellent model fit. The unrestricted model yielded a significantly better fit to the data than the restricted model. The effects of moral concerns for animals, meat texture and satiety from meat except for color in meat and negative body esteem on disgust with meat were statistically significant. As expected, disgust with meat had a significant effect on pork consumption. Moreover, moral concerns for animals, meat texture and satiety from meat had indirect influence on pork consumption. The overall findings offer strong empirical support for the intuitive notion that improving the level of disgust with meat can increase favorable pork consumption intentions and decrease unfavorable intentions.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1996

This study is performed to identify the contents of nitrosamine in meat (beef, pork) and meat product (ham, bacon, sausage) by gas chromatograph-thermal energy analyzer. The author also determained the formation of nitrosamine in these products when they were cooked in frying pan at 21$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 minutes and microwave for 45 and 75 seconds. N-ni-trosodimethylamine (NDMA) analysis was impossible in the most products because of their impurieties. On the other hand, N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) of 0~9.4 ug/kg in meat and 0~15.6 ug/kg in meat products were detected, respectively. When meat and meat products were cooked, generally contents of NDMA and NPYR have a tendency to be increased a little. Meat and product being cooked in microwave rather than frying pan, contents of NDMA and NPYR were detected more. Especially, in sausage contained much flsh, contents of NDMA was detected more.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.812-824
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this work was to assess the effect of fermented blueberry (FB; 2%, 4%, and 6%) on the oxidative stability and volatile molecule profiles of emulsion-type sausage stored at 4℃ for 28 days. Methods: The antioxidant activity of FB was determined through radical-scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. Four formulations of sausage treatments with different FB levels (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%) were prepared, then peroxide value (POVs), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values, protein carbonyls and thiol groups were measured. The aroma profiles of sausages for each treatment was also determined. Results: The half maximal inhibitory concentration indicated that FB had greater scavenging ability than ascorbic acid against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. Sausages with FB significantly retarded increases in POVs and TBARS, as well as in the content of protein carbonyls during all storage days (p<0.05). Particularly, 4% and 6% FB-treated sausages had better oxidation inhibition effects. However, FB accelerated the reduction in thiol groups (p<0.05). Additionally, FB inhibits the excessive formation of aldehyde compounds; for example, hexanal, which may cause rancid flavors, decreased from 58.25% to 19.41%. FB also created 6 alcohols (i.e., 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and phenylethyl alcohol), 5 ester compounds (i.e., ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, and ethyl hexanoate) and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone in the sausages that contribute to sausage flavors. The principal component analysis showed that the aroma profiles of sausages with and without FB are easily identified. Conclusion: The addition of FB could significantly reduce the lipid and protein oxidation and improve oxidative stability for storage. Also, adding FB could inhibit rancid flavors and contribute to sausage flavors.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2005

본 연구는 초음파가 튀김 닭고기의 품질, 아미노산 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 실시하였다. 수분함량은 생육이 튀김 닭고기보다 높았으며, 조단백질 및 조지방 함량은 튀김 닭고기가 높았다. 초음파 튀김 닭고기의 수분 및 조지방 함량은 대조구보다 높았다. 그리고 가슴육의 조단백질 함량이 다리육보다 높았으나, 수분 및 조지방 함량은 더 낮았다. 칼로리는 다리육이 가슴육보다 높았으나 초음파에 의한 영향은 없었다. 그리고 pH는 다리육이 높았고, 튀김감량은 가슴육이 다리육보다 높았다. 가슴육은 초음파에 의한 튀김 감량의 영향은 없었지만 다리육은 초음파 처리구가 대조구보다 낮게 나타났다. 색도의 결과에서 가슴육의 $L^{\ast}$값은 초음파 처리구가 대조구보다 높았으나 다리육은 차이가 없었다. 그리고 $a^{\ast}$값은 다리육이 높고, $b^{\ast}$값은 가슴육이 높았으며, 초음파 처리구의 $b^{\ast}$값이 대조구보다 높은 경향이었다. 아미노산 조성은 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid가 많이 함유되어 있었다. 지방산 조성은 튀김에 의하여 palmitic acid$(C_{16:0})$ 및 oleic acid$(C_{18:1})$는 감소하고, linoleic acid$(C_{18:1})$는 증가하였다. 그러나 초음파 처리에 의한 지방산 조성의 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.221-228
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• 1975

고기는 그 품질은 논할 때 tenderness가 주요 항목이 된다. 따라서 외국에서는 일찍부터 meat tenderizer의 개발이 활발하게 이루어져 plant origin proteolytic enzyme이 많이 이용되어 왔다. 우리나라에서는 오랫동안 역우(役牛)로써 사용되어온 소를 도살하여 우육(牛肉)을 공급하는 비율이 크므로 질이 낮은 우육(牛肉)을 이용할 때는 특히 meat tenderizer의 이용이 바람직하다고 생각된다. 이러한 관점에서 보다 효과적이고 가격이 저렴한 meat tenderizer의 제조가 요청되므로 본 연구실에서는 그 제조연구를 위한 조사연구로 시판(市販) meat tenderizer의 연육효과에 대하여 검토하여 보았다. 1. Commercial meat tenderizer의 protein함량은 4.9%(Kjeldahl법(法))로 $E^{1%}_{1cm}\;basis$로 계산하면 $1{\sim}2%$에 지나지 않았다. 2. 기질과 연육소의 비율이 4 : 1, 온도가 $40^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 연육효과를 인정할 수 있었다. 3. 시판(市販) meat tenderizer의 substrate-selectivity는 $casein{\gg}$ water-soluble muscle protein> myofibrillar protein의 순으로 보다 개량된 meat tenderizer의 제조가 요구된다고 생각되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.74-86
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• 2020

Horse meat is nutritionally adequate to the elderly, but it has a comparatively hard texture in contrast to most of the food. In practice, the meat intake in the elderly is generally bated because the relatively difficult texture of the meat can diminish mastication. Thus, strategies are being developed to produce meat products remanding detracted mastication exertion and possibly exalt ingestion and nutritional stand, in the elderly. Hence, the effects of enzymes on textural characteristics of horse meat were studied, because they have well-known favorable efficacy on the meat tenderness by causing important demotion of the myo-fibrillar protein and collagen. Four treatments namely, papain, bromelin, pepsin, and pancreatin, alongside one control were invoked to the horse meat. Their effects on the texture parameters were determined. All the above enzymatic treatments significantly reduced hardness and resilience (p<0.001). These results present opportunities to produce essential fatty acids fortified horse meat with soft texture and satisfied technological characteristics. The intake of the essential fatty acids intensified horse meat could aid the elderly to get their aimed essential fatty acid demands. Results also suggest that horse meat tenderized through enzymatic processing stand for auspicious options for the comprehension of texture-revised diets in the elderly population.