• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.445-450
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to determine the changes of ultrasonographic appearance of stomach, pylorus and duodenum in relation to food intake and administration of contrast medium in dogs. Ultrasonograms were obtained with 5.0MHz sector transducer. After placing the dogs in dorsal recumbency, scanning was performed at the 8th intercostal space. The mean inner diameter of stomach immediately after food intake, 2, 4 and 6 hours was 47.9, 51.5, 46.8 and 40.6mm, respectively. The diameter of pylorus immediately after food intake, 2, 4 and 6 hours was 7.4, 9.7, 8.9 and 6.0mm, respectively(p<0.01). The diameter of duodenum immediately after food intake 2, 4 and 6 hours was 12.5, 7.9, 11.9 and 11.8mm, respectively(p<0.01). Before administration of contrast medium, the mean inner diameter of stomach, pylorus and duodenum was 38.6, 7.2 and 9.5mm, respectively. After administration of contrast medium, the diameters of stomach, pylorus and duodenum was 42.8, 7.7 and 9.9mm, respectively. It may be concluded that the ultrasonographic values determined in this study can be used as references for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease in dogs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.2147-2159
• /
• 1991

The effects of principal dimensions of internal mixing twin-fluid atomized and operating conditions on the atomizing characteristics are experimentally investigated. The tests are conducted over the wide range of air/liquid ratio to predict influences of the diameter and length of nozzle, contacting angle between air and liquid in the mixing chamber, and air orifice diameter on the mean drop size(SMD), spray angle, distribution of drop size, and spray dispersion, And also, initial distribution of liquid column by air stream within the mixing chamber are observed through the transparent nozzles. A He-Ne laser particle sizer(MALVERN Model 2604) was used to measure the Sauter.s mean diameter( $D_{321}$) and droplet sizes distribution. In this experiment the air/liquid ratio, mixing length and nozzle diameter have a great influence on SMD, spray angle, droplet sizes distribution and spray dispersion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.87 no.2
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 1998

Twelve Camellia sinensis populations were studied to investigate the biomass distribution related to stand structure. With increasing mean age of the population, mean root collar diameter increased, while mean height, density and root collar area had no correlation with the age. The result of dimension analysis after cutting the sample trees showed that dry weights of stems +branches and root were exponentially increased and dry weights of current leaves and twigs were linearly increased with increasing root collar diameter. However, the dry weight of older leaves was not related to the root collar diameter. The range of total biomass was 1,162~11,474kg/ha and the range of current leaf biomass was 165~1,341kg/ha. The range of T/R ratio was 1.5~2.8. The biomass of stems+branches and root were significantly correlated with the root collar area of the population and were not significantly correlated with the mean age, mean root collar diameter and density of the population. The biomass of current leaves and twigs were significantly correlated with the root collar area and density of the population.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.335-339
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic changes of regular diameter implants placed in the posterior region. A total of 47 standard diameter implants were consecutively placed in the posterior region of 20 partially edentulous patients. The diameters of the implants were 4.1mm (N=35, 74%) and 4.3mm (N=12, 26%), respectively. Peri-implant bone loss and clinical parameters such as mobility, suppuration, swelling, bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated at the baseline and?the final follow-up visit. The age of the patients ranged between 24~82 years (mean age: 54.7 years). The cumulative survival rate of the regular diameter implants loaded for a period of 3-24 months (Mean: $11.7{\pm}7.9$ month) was 100%. The average bone loss over the follow-up was $0.36{\pm}0.67\;mm$. Success rate was 95.7%. Only two implants failed (bone loss exceeding 1mm after 1 year of placement). Some prosthetic complications occurred, such as screw loosening (N=1) and dissolution of cementation material (N=2). The present study describes successful outcome following the use of standard-diameter-implants placed in the posterior region, and further comprehensive maintenance practices and follow-up schedules are required.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2009

Purpose: As a recipient vessel, internal mammary vessels have many advantages for microvascular reconstruction of the breast. But the approach is time consuming and results in large morbidities. However, the perforating branches of the internal mammary vessels can be used to minimize such demerits. The purpose of this cadaver study is to clarify the location and diameter of the perforating branches of internal mammary vessels and to prove they are safe and reliable recipient vessels. Methods: We studied 11 formalin - fixed cadavers and dissected their anterior chests bilaterally. The chests were exposed using midline presternal incisions. We dissected and found all perforators at subfascial planes under loupe magnification. The number, external diameter, and the distance from the midline were measured. Result: The mean external diameter of the arterial perforators was 1.32 mm and the mean external diameter of the venous perforators was 1.48 mm. The largest arterial and venous perforators were most frequently found in the second intercostal space. The mean distance from the midline to the perforator was evaluated; the artery averaged 1.95 cm and the vein averaged 2.08 cm. Conclusion: This study will be helpful when using the internal mammary perforating vessels as a recipient vessel during breast reconstruction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.148-153
• /
• 2011

Background: The number of cases employing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has been increasing due to lower morbidity and mortality compared to open repair technique. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of TEVAR for thoracic aortic diseases. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients underwent TEVAR from October 2003 to April 2010. Mean age at operation was 59 years (20~78 years), and 11 were male. Indications for TEVAR were large aortic diameter (>5.5 cm) upon presentation in 6 patients, increasing aortic diameter during the follow-up period in 4, traumatic aortic rupture in 3, persistent chest pain in 2, and ruptured aortic aneurysm in one. The mean diameter, length and the number of the stents were 33 mm (26~40 mm), 12 cm (9.5~16.0 cm), and 1.25 (1~2), respectively. Aortography employing Multi-detector computerized tomography (MDCT) technique was performed at one week, and patients were followed up in the out-patient department at one month, 6 months, and one year postoperatively. Results: Primary technical success showing complete exclusion of the aneurysm was achieved in 15 patients. One patient showed a small endo-leak (type 1). Four patients developed perioperative stroke: Three recovered without sequelae, and one showed mild right-side weakness. There was no operative mortality. Diameter of the thoracic aorta covered by stent graft changed within 10% range in 12 patients, decreased by more than 10% in 3, and increased by more than 10% in one during mean follow-up duration of 18 months (1~73 months). There was no recurrence-related death during this period. Conclusion: Intermediate-term outcome after TEVAR was encouraging. Indications for TEVAR could be extended for other thoracic aortic diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2014

In this study, the explosion characteristic of aluminium powders have been investigated as a function of particle size using by a 20 L dust explosion apparatus (K$\ddot{u}$hner). The tested aluminium particle sizes were the volume mean diameter of 16, 33 and $88{\mu}m$. The lower explosion limit increases gradually with the increasing of dust particle diameter, respectively 40, 60, $125g/m^3$ in mean diameter of 16, 33 and $88{\mu}m$. Also the increase in particle size for each aluminum dusts was found to cause an decrease in explosion pressure and Kst of dust explosion index, and a increase in the lower explosion concentration. Research results may have important implications for aluminum powders utilization and safety operation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.835-840
• /
• 2003

Micron-sized alginate microparticles were formed in the water pools of reverse micelles (RM) composed of hexane/aerosol OT(AOT)/water through the gelation process between sodium alginate and $CaCl_2$. The size of microparticles formed increased as Wo (the molar ratio of water to surfactant) increased from 5 to 10. The microparticles became aggregated at Wo of 15, and stable RM no longer existed at Wo of 20. The characteristics of microparticles prepared at Wo of 5 and 10 showed significant differences in area, maximum diameter, minimum diameter, mean diameter, and perimeter of microparticles (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in appearance and roundness between the microparticles These results indicate that the size of microparticles are affected by Wo, whereas the overall shape of microparticles are not substantially influenced within Wo values used for stable RM formation. The mean diameter of microparticles was about $2{\sim}2.5\;{\mu}m$ and much smaller $(70{\sim}1,000\;times)$ than the reported sue of alginate microparticles formed in an aqueous medium.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.214-219
• /
• 1985

It is well known that the morphologic feature of coronary artery is variant as finger print. Left coronary artery is divided into the left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery and supplies almost left atrium, left ventricle and interventricular septum. Clinically, the morphologic features of number of branches and the length of the left main coronary artery are important. In Korea, there are few reports about morphologic study of the coronary artery, and the coronary angiogram and open heart surgery are common. Now the author studied the morphology of the proximal part of the left coronary artery in Korean 50 Adult cadavers and obtained the following results: 1. The length of the left main coronary artery is from 5 mm to 16 mm [mean 9.7 mm]. 2. The diameter of the proximal part of the left coronary artery is from 3.2 mm to 7.7 mm [mean 5.3]. 3. The features of the branching are bifurcation [58%] trifurcation [38%] and quadrifurcation [4%]. 4. The diameter of the left anterior descending artery is from 2.7 mm to 8.1 mm [mean 4.5] and circumflex artery from 2.1 mm to 6.2 mm [mean 3.9].

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2007

Dimethyl Ether(DME) is an alternative fuel for diesel engine, it is renewable and offers potential reductions in emissions. This work was conducted to figure out the macroscopic behavior and the atomization characteristics of DME using a common-rail injection system. The macroscopic behavior was visualized with the spray visualization system composed of a Nd;YAG laser and an ICCD camera. The atomization characteristics were investigated in terms of axial mean velocity, Sauter mean diameter(SMD) and droplet distributions obtained from a phase Doppler particle analyzer(PDPA) system. In this study, it was revealed that the macroscopic behavior and the atomization characteristics of DME are similar compared with commercial diesel fuel. However, DME fuel has a shorter spray tip penetration and a small SMD due to the effect of evaporation characteristics.