• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.37-48
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• 2018

The extreme 2017 spring drought affected a large portion of central and western South Korea, and was one of the most climatologically driest spring seasons over the 1961-2016 period of record. This drought was characterized by exceptionally low precipitation, with total precipitation from January to June being 50% lower than the mean normal precipitation (1981-2010) over most of western South Korea. In this study, for the quantitative drought impact analysis, the widely-used Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the statistical drought frequency are compared with observed meteorological characteristics and anomalies. According to the drought frequency analysis of monthly cumulative precipitation during January and May in 2017, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, and Jeollanam-do areas showed more than drought frequency over 100 years. Gyeongsangnam-do area showed more than drought frequency over 200 years based on annual precipitation in 2017. The South Korean government (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) and Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC)) have been operating a government-level drought monitoring system since 2016. Results from this study can be used to improve the drought monitoring applications of future drought events, as well as drought planning and preparedness in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.125-135
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• 1999

This study is intended to analyze the condition of management about the apartment houses in Israel. The subjects of the study were 32 house-committees who live in Jerusalem and Haifa, and who were interviewed by structured questionnaire from the 1st of April through the 30th of May 1997. The statistical methods used for the study were: frequency, percentage, mean, t-test and ANOVA by the SPSS for MS Windows Release 6.0 program. The main results of this study are as follows: 1) The most house-committee members were elected by the residents who attend the annual meeting. 2) The period of management of the committee was average of 4.1 years. 3) The tasks of the committee were to collect the management fee and make the contracts for cleaning and gardening for buildings. 4) The opinion about having the professional managers was negative. 5) The major issues of the committee were being supported by either the local authority or the other organizations which are related to housing management.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.247-250
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• 2011

The purpose of this study suggests the emotion of residents as indexes in Korean housing environment for providing a fundamental guideline for precise dwelling social science and indicating the view for understanding of residents in korean housing culture in korea. So this paper explores the role of residents emotion indexes in housing environment and community. For this study, survey and depth-interview methods were used for data collection. The subjects were 514 housewives living in apartments. The statistical methods for data analysis were frequency, mean, multiple linear regression and logistic regression analysis using the SPSS 18.0 program The major findings are as follows: 1)Pride of neighborhood, pride of apartment complex and sense of superiority were important factors for residental satisfaction. 2)Conspicuous image of neighbors and active contact with neighbors were import factors for their neighborship in the apartment complex. The results develop the housing environment evaluation indexes in community through the contextual understanding of space emotion society.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• v.4
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• pp.105-116
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• 1993

Areal Reduction Factor(ARF) has been developed and used to convert point Rainfall intensity-Duration-Frequency(I-D-F) to areal I-D-F in many countries. In Korea, though ARF was estimated in Han river basin by several researchers, it has some limitations to apply to other regions due to low denisity of rainfall gauging station and shortage of data. In this study ARF has been developed in area of relatively high density of rainfall gauging station, i.e., Pyungchang river(Han river), Wi stream(Nakdong river), and Bochung stream(Guem river) basin by geographically fixed-area method. And coefficient of variation of mean annual precipitation was presented to use ARE in other areas and its applicability was analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.310-313
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• 2001

This study was conducted to derive optimal design floods by Gumbel, GEV, GLO and GPA distributions for the annual maximum series at sixteen watersheds. Adequacy for the analysis of flood data used in This study was established by the tests of Independence, Homogeneity, detection of Outliers. Parameters were estimated by the Methods of L, L1 and L2-moments. Design floods obtained by Methods of L, L1 and L2-moments using Gringorten methods for plotting positions in GEV distribution were compared by the Relative Mean Errors and Relative Absolute Errors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the changes in transportation expenditure patterns of urban households during 1985-19o8. The data were drawn from 'Annual Report on the family Income and Expenditure Survey' by National Statistical Office, Republic of Korea. For data analysis, frequency, percentile, mean, and multiple regression analysis were utilized by the SAS window program. The results of this study were as follows; Frist, the levels of public transportation expenditure showed increasing trend, whereas the portions of public transportation expenditure have showed decreasing trend during 1985-1998. And both the level and the portion of private transportation expenditure showed increasing trends during 1985-1998. Second, the marginal propensities to consume of public transportation have decreased, whereas the marginal propensities to consume of private transportation have increased during 1985-1998. Third, income elasticities of public transportation showed decreasing trend during 1985-1998, impling that consumers have less demand public transportation with increasing income. And income elasticities of private transportation showed increasing trend till 1993, and then showed decreasing trend till 1998, impling that consumers have perceived the car as one of necessary goods rather than luxury goods gradually since 1993.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to analyze consumption expenditure patterns over family life cycle. The data used in the study is the 1994 Survey data from Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey. The study sample included 26,980 salary and wage earners’ households living in cities. The family life cycle was classified into six stages and items of expenditure were classified into 12 categories. Frequency distribution, mean, one-way ANOVA, Scheff test, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The major findings of this study are as follows : First, the average consumption propensity differs among family life cycle. Second, the amount and budget share of consumption expenditure for each expenditure category differ significantly among family life cycle in all expenditure categories. Third, family life cycle is found to be a significant factor on expenditure of food and education, and also on budget share of education.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1225-1249
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• 2005

This study aims at investigating whether foreign direct investment plays a role as a channel of international technology diffusion. We used the annual panel data from 1980 to 2002. The nonstationary panel techniques, in particular group mean panel FMOLS(fully modified OLS) was exploited as an empirical methodology in order to tackle the heterogeneity between members and low frequency. The empirical results show that inflow direct investments lead to an increase in total factor productivity and economic growth. Also outflow direct investments contribute to an higher total factor productivity and economic growth. These results confirms that both inflow and outflow direct investments are important channels for international technology diffusion or spillover.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.419-426
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• 2003

This study was performed to research ozone concentration related to airmass thunderstorm using 12 years meteorological data(1990~2001) at Busan. The occurrence frequency of thunderstorm during 12 years was 156 days(annual mean 13days). The airmass thunderstorm frequency was 14 days, most of those occurrence at summertime(59%). In case August 4, 1996, increase of ozone concentration was simultaneous with the decrease of temperature and increase of relative humidity, In case July 23, 1997, ozone concentration of western site at Busan increased, while its of eastern site decreased as airmass thunderstorm occurred(about 1500LST). It is supposed that these ozone increases are the effect of ozone rich air that is brought down by cumulus downdrafts from height levels where the ozone mixing ratio is larger. Thunderstorms can cause downward transport of ozone from the reservoir layer in the upper troposphere into planeta교 boundary layer(PBL). This complex interaction of source and sink processes can result in large variability fer vertical and horizontal ozone distributions. Thus a variety of meteorological precesses can act to enhance vertical mixing between the earth's surface and the atmospheric in the manner described fer thunderstorm.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.581-591
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of fine particles concentration and meteorological parameters, and long range transport of wintertime Asian dust at Busan. Also we studied occurrence frequency and tendency of wintertime Asian dust from 1961 to 2010 in Korea. Asian dust occurred most frequently in the spring, the next to winter in Korea. Wintertime Asian dust is steadily increasing recently. Asian dust in Busan was the most occurred in 2001 with 21 days, followed by 12 days in 2002, and 10 days in 2006. The annual mean frequency during the past 12 years(1999~2010) was 7.5 days, and it was two times more than that during the past 50 years(3.8 days). Wintertime Asian dust in Busan has occurred 6 episodes since 2008, and it all occurred in December except for 20 Feb. 2009. The highest concentration of wintertime Asian dust was recorded mostly at Hakjangdong and Jangrimdong which are industrial area. Maintenance time of Asian dust at Busan was from 1hr 30min to 9hr 20min, it was shorter than in the spring. It took from 10 to 15 hours move to Busan after Asian dust was first detected in Korea. Wintertime Asian dust originated from Gobi desert in Mongolia and inner Mongolia near China, except for 9 Dec. 2008 at Busan.