• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2001

오미자 에탄올 추출물의 항미생물 활성을 측정하기 위하여 세균, 효모, 곰팡이가 포함되는 12종류의 미생물에 대한 항미생물 활성을 측정하였다. 추출물은 세균의 생육을 억제하지만 효모와 곰팡이의 생육은 억제하지 못하였다. B. subtilis와 S. aureus에 대한 최소치사농도는 1.6~3.2 mg/mL이었으며, E. coli를 비롯한 gram음성 세균의 최소치사농도는 6.3~12.5 mg/mL이였다. B. subtilis와 S. aureus의 생육은 각 각 900 ppm과 300 ppm에서 억제되었으며 gram음성 세균의 생육은 2,000 ppm 첨가시 4시간 정도 생육이 억제되었다. 오미자 추출물의 항균활성은 열처리에 안정하였으며 부위에 따른 추출물의 항균활성은 오미자 과육의 추출물이 주로 항균력을 나타내는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국조사연구학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조사연구학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1.2-35
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• 2001

2000년 4월 13일의 제 16대 국회의원 선거에서 전화조사와 출구조사를 활용하여 KBS, SBS, MBC 등 TV 방송사들은 당선자 예측방송을 한 바 있다. 그러나 결과적으로 부정확한 것으로 드러났고 이에 따라 통계조사에 대한 일반인의 불신감만 키우는 결과가 되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. 1) 4.13 총선거 예측에서 전화조사와 출구조사가 실제로 어떠하였는가\ulcorner 2) 무엇이 문제였는가\ulcorner 3) 무엇을 개선해야 하는가\ulcorner 등이다. 주요 결론은 전화조사에서 재통화(call back)에 대하여 느슨한 조사규칙이 적용되는 등 확률표집의 원칙이 충실하게 준수되지 않았으며 출구조사에서는 투표소 표집 수가 너무 작았다는 것이다. 또한 근본적인 개선을 위해서는 선거여론조사에 관한 법의 개정이 필요함을 지적하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to use fMRI and clinical prognosis criteria to evaluate therapeutic interventions in stroke patients with corona radiata infarct and acquire fundamental information about recovery mechanisms. Methods: Four subjects (2 men, 2 women) who had strokes with corona radiata infarct were recruited. For all subjects, motor functions such as motricity index (MI), modified brunnstrom classification (MBC), functional ambulatory category (FAC), and bathel index (BI) were evaluated. Evaluations were done at least 4 times over a period of approximately 6~7 months from stroke onset. We compared the final evaluation with the first. Results: All patients with corona radiata infarct showed improvement in motor outcomes with the passing of time. The strength of all patients improved from zero or trace levels to normal or good levels in the MI (Motricity Index) test. Other motor outcomes including the modified brunnstrom classification (MBC), the functional ambulatory category (FAC), and the bathel index (BI) also improved with the passing of time. Conclusion: Stroke patients with corona radiata infarcts change for the better over time. Therefore, one can introduce clinical interventions by the aspect of progress in functional motor recovery.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 1999

In this study, the relation of the preservation efficacy reduction with methyl paraben of parahydroxybenzoic acid derivatives was investigated using the dialysis membrane method with tween-80 of surfactant and $TiO_2/Talc$ of inorganic powder meterial from emulsion system. It was found that the preservation efficacy of tween-80 and $TiO_2/Talc$ from emulsion system was reduced due to the adsorption of methyl paraben. According to the microbe test, In case of tween-80, MBC appeared in 0.19 w/v% and in case of $TiO_2/Talc$, MBC appeared in 0.22w/v% / 0.23w/v%. In general, the equation of Talc's adsorption weight($A{\cdot}W$) has a tendency to show in $A{\cdot}W=11.5C^{0.745}$

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1263-1272
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• 2009

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is a traditional Korean medicine that is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as edema, arthritis, hepatitis, and endangitis. The several extracts of danshen were tested for antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in clinic by broth microdilution method, the checkerboard, and time-kill methods to evaluate the synergistic effects of the combination of the extracts with antibiotics. The chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and n-hexane (HEX) extracts [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 0.0078-0.3125${\mu}g/mL$; minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 0.019-0.625${\mu}g/mL$] were found to have strong antibacterial activity against MRSA. Additionally, when the $CHCl_3$ and HEX extracts were co-administered with ampicillin or oxacillin, a synergistic effect against MRSA was observed. Furthermore, a time-kill study evaluating the effects of the extracts against MRSA indicated that treatment with the $CHCl_3$ extract in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin produced rapid bactericidal activity. These results suggest that danshen extracts may have potently antimicrobial activity and thus, it can be a suitable phytotherapeutic agent for treating MRSA infections.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2018

Enterococcus faecalis is a major causative agent of endodontic treatment failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate bactericidal effects of ethanol extract of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen extract) on five strains of E. faecalis that were isolated from human oral cavities. The bactericidal effects of mangosteen extract were assessed by measurement of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value. The cytotoxicity of mangosteen extract on immortalized human gingival fibroblasts, hTERT-hNOF, was determined based on cell counting method. The data revealed the MBC value of mangosteen extract against the E. faecalis strains was $4{\mu}g/ml$. Additionally, the cell viability of mangosteen extract on hTERT-hNOF was 83.7-89.1% at the 1 to $16{\mu}g/ml$. These findings indicated that mangosteen extract could be used as a root canal cleaner during management of endodontic treatment failure caused by E. faecalis.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2018

Polyphenon 60 refers to the mixture of catechins present in green tea. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of polyphenon 60 against 4 strains of Streptococcus mutans and 2 strains of Streptococcus sorbrinus, which are the major causative bacteria of dental caries. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of polyphenon 60 for S. mutans and S. sobrinus were determined and the effect of biofilm formation inhibition of that was evaluated. The MBC value of polyphenon 60 against the bacterial strains was 2.5 mg/ml except for one particular strain, S. mutans KCOM 1128 for which the value was 1.25 mg/ml. The results of biofilm formation inhibition assay revealed that polyphenon 60 inhibited biofilm formation more than 90% at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. It was apparent that polyphenon exhibited biofilm formation inhibition activity along with bactericidal effect against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Therefore, it is proposed that polyphenon 60 as one of the components of bactericidal agents could be useful in developing oral hygiene products, toothpaste or gargling solution.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-35
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• 2001

2000년 4월 13일의 제 16대 국회의원 선거에서 전화조사와 출구조사를 활용하여 KBS, SBS, MBC 등 TV 방송사들은 당선자 예측방송을 한 바 있다. 그러나 결과적으로 부정확한 것으로 드러났고 이에 따라 통계조사에 대한 일반인의 불신감만 키우는 결과가 되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. 1) 4ㆍ13총선거 예측에서 전화조사와 출구조사가 실제로 어떠하였는가\ulcorner 2) 무엇이 문제였는가\ulcorner 3) 무엇을 개선해야 하는가\ulcorner 등이다. 주요 결론은 전화조사에서 재통화(call back)에 대하여 느슨한 조차규칙이 적용되는 등 확률표집의 원칙이 충실하게 준수되지 않았으며 출구조사에서는 투표소 표집 수가 너무 작았다는 것이다. 또한 근본적인 개선을 위해서는 선거여론조사에 관한 법의 개정이 필요함을 지적하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2020

Software-defined networking (SDN) acts as a centralized management unit, especially in a network with devices that operate under the transport layer of the OSI model. However, when a network with layer 7 middleboxes (MBs) is considered, current SDNs exhibit limitations. As such, to achieve a real-centralized management unit, a new architecture is required that decouples the data and control planes of all network devices. In this report, we propose such a complementary architecture to the current SDN in which SDN-enabled MBs are included along with contemporary SDN-enabled switches. The management unit of this architecture improves network performance and reduces routing cost by considering the status of the MBs during flow forwarding. This unit consists of the following two parts: an SDN controller (SDNC) and a middlebox controller (MBC). The latter selects the best MBs for each flow and the former determines the best path according to its routing algorithm and provides information via the MBC. The results show that the proposed architecture improved performance because the utilization of all network devices including MBs is manageable.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.850-856
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• 2008

White, red, and extruded ginsengs were studied against 8 strains of food-borne pathogens and/or food spoilage microorganisms. The ginseng powders were extracted with different extractants and screened for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion and broth dilution techniques. The results showed that the yield of extraction was higher with increase of aqueous solution content and temperature. Preliminary screening revealed that the red ginseng extracts were most active, that has been found to be highly effective against all tested microbe except Listeria monocytogenes. Moreover, Bacillus subtilis has shown highly susceptible, which the diameters of inhibition zone values of 28 extracts were between 7 and 14 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) recorded for the different crude ginseng extracts against microorganism using ranged from 6.25 to 100 mg/mL, indicated that the methanol extract of ginseng were more effective than ethanol and water extracts. The 60% methanol extract of red ginseng had the greatest effects against B. subtilis with MIC and MBC values at 6.25 mg/mL.