• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.399-406
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• 2007

Soybean seeds were fermented by Bacillus subtilis and/or Lactobacillus bulgaricus to improve solubility, viscosity, water holding capacity and oil holding capacity of soybean proteins in Chongkukjang. The maximum colony forming unit and protease activity of B. subtilis or L bulgaricus were observed after 60 hours of fermentation, and those of the mixed fermentation by two microorganisms were steadily increased during the fermentation periods. Solubilities of soybean proteins by B. subtilis or L bulgaricus were steadily increased before the values were considerably increased to 60 hours of fermentation, whereas water holding capacities of the proteins were decreased by B. subtilis or L. bulgaricus and those of the mixed fermentation were decreased progressively. Viscosities of soybean proteins by B. subtilis and/or L. bulgaricus were decreased progressively during the fermentation. Viscosities of soybean proteins by B. subtilis and/or L. bulgaricus were decreased progressively during the fermentation. Oil holding capacities of soybeans by B. subtilis or L. bulgaricus were maximum at 20 or 80 hours of fermentation and those of the mixed fermentation were decreased after 10 hours of the fermentation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1993

This study was carried out to find the relationships between species pairs in the vegetation of eastern valley vegetation in Mt. Kumjung from September 20, 1991 to October 15, 1992. Eight sites were selected, each being divided into 5 quadrats, and thus 40 quad- rats were in total. To know the correlation among plant species the $x^2$ values were calculated by using the method of Yates, and the results were analyzed by cluster analysis according to Sneath and Sokal, and the following conclusions were obtained. The species examined can be subdivided into five groups according to the relationships. However, the relationships are not correlated with pH, water-content, maximum water holding capacity and mineral content of soil probably due to the environmental discontinuity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2016

This study purposed to examine the water retention capacity of floor litter in deciduous forests. Water holding capacity(WHC) and interception storage capacity of Alnus hirsuta Turcz. ex Rupr., Quercus acutissima, Quercus mongolica litters were experimentally estimated. Physical characteristics of litters were also obtained to understand the relationships between water-retention capacity and litter characteristics. Experiments showed that WHC increases with specific volume of litter, varying 244.4% to 416.8% of its dry mass. Interception storage have estimated with rainfall simulation experiments. Maximum interception storage ($C_{max}$) and minimum interception storage ($C_{min}$) of litters were 220% and 138% of dry mass in Alnus hirsuta Turcz. ex Rupr., 218% and 137% in Quercus acutissima, and 240% and 156% in Quercus mongolica. Both $C_{max}$ and $C_{min}$ increased linearly with litter mass, and the values of $C_{min}$ in broadleaf litters have also linear relation to leaf area.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.197-200
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• 2012

To develop lipstick products with superior moisturizing effect using moisture base, bound water capacity and water holding capacity were investigated by DSC. Bound water capacity of the lipstick sample excluding moisture base is found to be 5.12 %. DSC measurement showed that bound water capacity and the concentration of moisture base were positively correlated. Additionally, DSC measurements and in vitro effective water holding capacity measurement showed similar patterns. Therefore, measuring of bound water capacity by DSC can predict the moisturizing effect of lipstick products.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.77-83
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• 2007

This study was carried out to examine the optimum culture condition for the production of cellulose from Saprolegnia ferax and its physical characteristics. Conclusions obtained from the results of this study were as follows: In producing the cellulose from S. ferex, optimal pH and temperature were 7.0 and $26{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ with a maximum of $26^{\circ}C$, respectively. And, optimal culture period was 11days. WHC and OHC of biocellulose were 3.2(25.04 g/g) times and 3.5(25.75 g/g) times higher than those of commercial ${\alpha}-cellulose$(7.57, 7.25 g/g) respectively. The viscosity of biocellulose is lower than that of commercial ${\alpha}-cellulose$. And the effect of rpm on the viscosity of biocellulose was more than on the that of ${\alpha}-cellulose$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.753-758
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• 2016

Moisture content influences physiological characteristics of microbes and physical structure of solid matrices during composting of animal manure. If moisture content is maintained at a proper level, aerobic microorganisms show more active oxygen consumption during composting due to increased microbial activity. In this study, optimum moisture levels for composting of two bedding materials (sawdust, rice hull) and two different mixtures of bedding and beef manure (BS, Beef cattle manure+sawdust; BR, Beef cattle manure+rice hull) were determined based on oxygen uptake rate measured by a pressure sensor method. A broad range of oxygen uptake rates (0.3 to 33.3 mg $O_2/g$ VS d) were monitored as a function of moisture level and composting feedstock type. The maximum oxygen consumption of each material was observed near the saturated condition, which ranged from 75% to 98% of water holding capacity. The optimum moisture content of BS and BR were 70% and 57% on a wet basis, respectively. Although BS's optimum moisture content was near saturated state, its free air space kept a favorable level (above 30%) for aerobic composting due to the sawdust's coarse particle size and bulking effect.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1969

Korea has a lots of margin for security of farm land from her coastal region. The area of saline soil may be reached about 10% of present farm land if the reclamation works are finished. This paper was conducted as a part of studying the possibilities of desalination of saline soil through the experiment of some halophytes. The halophytes in this works were Salicornia herbacea L., Suaeda glauca Bunge, chenopodium acuminatum Willd, and Scirpus triquerter L. Of the above halophytes, Salicornia was proved the most effective plant for desalination of saline soil referring to the following results; 1) The seasonal uptake of chloride by Salicornia was the highest of all. However, the general tendencies of all plants showed a decrease on August. 2) Salinity of soil showed the lowest value on the site where Salicornia was grwon densely. Comparing the other sites grouped by age of saline soil with the above site, the salinity of rice-paddy (10 years after reclamation) is similar to those of the site wehre Salicornia were as well as the 50 cm below the surface soil. 3) The maximum water holding capacity of surface soil appeared in the site of Salicornia, but in 50 cm below the surface, the maximum water holding capacity are almost on equat terms having no connection with the age of saline soil. Soil pH, other chemical compositions such as organic matter, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, and nitrate were determined to elucidate the relationship between the changes of soil properties and chemical uptakes by certain halophytes. It is assumed that the above chemical compositions are frequently affected by the factors such as coastal circulation of salts, exchangeable base, microbial growth, climatic conditions, and irrigation of water.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.32 no.E
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• pp.88-94
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• 1990

Several models physically based to predict the evolution of the snowpack have been proposed. Validity of these models for hourly estimation is, however, questionable, since they have been tested only on a daily basis. A computational model to predict the amount of snowpack on an hourly basis in terms of snowload from a set of meterological measurements was developed and investigated the rapid snowmelt conditions during Fohn events in the Takada plain.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 1995

For the propose of increasing the value added, zeolite powder was granulated by adding Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as cementing material. The optimal concentration of PVA for granulation and the physical properties of the prepared granule were investigated. Four percent PVA stock solution was made by adding distilled water at $90^{\circ}C$ water bath and incorporated with zeolite. The contents of water stable granule above 2.0mm in diameter was 98.0% in the case of 0.3% PVA addition and almost 100% in the case of 0.6% PVA addition. Increasing PVA concentration of granules increased the hardness and decreased the infiltration rate and the maximum water holding capacity of granules, However, the drying method hardly affected the physical properties of granules. With the increase in the mixing ratios of kaolinite or bentonite to zeolite, the hardness of granules increased but high water contents of granules resulted in rapid decrease in the hardness of granules. However, when smectite or perlite was mixed with zeolite, the increase in mixing ratios to zeolite resulted in the decrease in hardness, the increase in the infilteration rate and maximum water holding capacity of granules.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of soil moisture content on the growth of tobacco plant at early stage after transplanting. Soil moisture was controlled to be 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 90% of the maximum water holding capacity (38.7%), and treated for 10, 20 and 30 days. Budding flowering and topping were delayed in the 30% and 45% treatment where soil moisture was deficient. Plant height, number of leaves, and length and width of the largest leaf were the best in the 75% treatment for 10 days, and development of the root and top was the best also in the same treatment. As the duration of low soil moisture treatment prolonged, intercellular space , became small. Nitrogen and potassium of the cured leaf showed the highest value in 30% and 45% treatments. Nicotine content of the cured leaf was high in the 90% treatment, and reducing sugar content of that was high in the 75% treatment for 10 days.