• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.377-384
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• 2008

In the bi-directional pile load test (BD PLT) for pile load test of Mega foundation, loading capacity specification were not specified exactly. Therefore there are so many confusions and variations of maximum 2 times in loading capacity are come out. In this study, specifications of bi-directional pile load test (BD PLT) were considered. Based on cases of the bi-directional pile load test performed in domestic areas, maximum equivalent test load, test load increasing ratio and sufficiency ratio of design load were analyzed. It can be known that the loading capacity specification of bi-directional pile load test must be defined as 1-directional test load that is established as more than 2 times of design load.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6C
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• pp.379-388
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• 2008

In the bi-directional pile load test (BD PLT) for pile load tests of Mega pile foundations, loading capacity standard is not specified exactly. Therefore there are so many confusions in performing the BD PLT and variations up to maximum 2 times in loading capacity are come out. In this study, standards of bi-directional pile load test (BD PLT) were considered. Based on cases of the bi-directional pile load test performed in domestic areas, maximum equivalent test load, test load increasing ratio, loading capacity increasing ratio and sufficiency ratio of design load were analyzed. It could be known that the loading capacity standard of bi-directional pile load test must be defined as 1-directional loading capacity and also must be established as more than 2 times of design load.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.211-225
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• 2013

To run an optimal operation of Integrated energy supply facilities, we need to analyze heat consumption patterns of District heating users and derive optimum and maximum load ratio of heat production facilities unit. This study selects three District heat production facilities. It also classifies District heating users into residential apartment buildings and eight non-residential buildings and analyzes heat consumption results for an year. Finally it carries out the analysis of how the ratio change of each type affects maximum load ratio, facility utilization ratio, heat supply range. According to this study, three different District heat facilities of residential apartment building show similar daily and annual heat consumption patterns. Annual average load ratio, maximum load ratio and annual heat demand increase as outdoor temperatures decrease. Non-residential buildings in urban District focused on apartment buildings display similar by the daily and annual heat consumption patterns. Yet their daily and annual maximum load ratio differ according to outdoor temperature, District, building types and their composition ratio. In the case of urban District focused on apartment buildings reach optimum and maximum load ratio when apartment buildings reaches 60-70% of the total. At that point heat supply range becomes maximized and the most economic efficiency is obtained.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.859-865
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• 2012

It is necessary to evaluate performances hitherto carried out in the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) and to set up direction so that this system can be improved continuously in the future. This study was investigated load allocation achievement ratio, water quality goal achievement ratio and interrelation between water quality goal and load allocation for the first period (2004~2010). Load allocation achievement and BOD water quality goal achievement ratio were 50% and 73% in Guem River Basin, respectively. The main reason for excess of load allocation and shortfall of water quality goal were unfulfilled reduction plan and pollution sources increment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop enhanced pollution sources prediction method and make a list realizable reduction plan. 63% of the unit watershed was not interrelation between water quality goal and load allocation. The reason why water quality goal and load allocation had not correlation were water quality of upper unit watershed, increment of inflow quantity, effluent water quality of wastewater treatment plant affected the unit watershed, increment of inner productivity by algae, water quality deterioration during the specific period, river management flow, etc.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the load acting on a tractor engine when it delivers the maximum power at drawbar. The results of the drawbar tests on the 5 locally-made and 14 imported tractors conducted at NIAE in 2004, and the 15 tractors tested at OECD test stations in foreign countries were analyzed and presented by the torque load ratio, defined as a ratio of the engine torque load caused by drawbar pull to its full-load capacity, as a function of pull speed. The NIAE test results showed that the torque load ratio increased from 20 to 80% with pull speed less than 5 km/h. At speeds faster than 5 km/h, it was 80${\sim}$110% regardless of the pull speed. However, the OECD test results showed that the torque load ratio was evaluated mostly to be 70${\sim}$90% in the entire pull speed range. The same trend was also shown for the maximum drawbar load. The difference in the torque load ratio may be attributable to bias-ply tires for locally-made and some imported tractors. It is also suggested that the input torque load may be increased safely up to 120% of the full load capacity of the tractor engine for an accelerated life test of tractor transmissions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2010

The district heating users can be generally classified into two groups such as apartments and buildings. In consideration that the time zone of the maximum heat load for apartments is different from those of buildings during a day, the maximum heat supply range is presented. In case of the investigated area, the maximum heat supply is occurred at the ratio between apartments and buildings that is 65%：35%. Thus the heat supply range is increased as much as 15% if the time zone when the maximum heat load is occurred is considered.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2013

Purpose: In order to find out the impact of changes in polymerization conditions of orthodontic acrylic resin on maximum load. Methods: While maintaining mixing ratio 3:1 of polymer and monomer in spray-on way in the production condition of polymerization temperature $25^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes or 30 minutes of polymerization time by pressure $3kfg/cm^2$ or $6kfg/cm^2$ in the lab maintaining $25^{\circ}C$ of room temperature, the change in maximum load rise rate was tested by producing 5 acrylic resin specimens for orthodontics per group to meet the standards of $25mm{\times}2mm{\times}2mm$ and using INSTRON with the 3rd bar 2mm in diameter and parallel support bending device of $15{\pm}0.1mm$ as test equipment showing 30.00mm/min of crosshead speed, $50{\pm}16$ N/min of load ratio in the laboratory of $24^{\circ}C$ room temperature and as a result, the following results were obtained. Results: 1. When increasing pressure from $3kfg/cm^2$ to $6kfg/cm^2$, maximum load was lowered by -4.285%. 2. When increasing polymerization time from 10 minutes to 30 minutes, maximum load rose by 3.848%. 3. When increasing polymerization temperature from $27^{\circ}C$ to $37^{\circ}C$, maximum load rose by 5.854%. Conclusion: Considering the above test results that polymerization time and polymerization temperature when polymerizing acrylic resin for orthodontics according to changes in working conditions had an impact on the rate of rise of maximum load values but the rate of rise was lowered when increasing pressure from $3kfg/cm^2$ to $6kfg/cm^2$, we came to a conclusion that high pressure more than necessary does not affect the rate of rise of maximum load.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.613-627
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to design a powertrain for a 78 kW AWD (all wheel drive) electric tractor by analyzing the combination of various reduction gear ratios on a commercial motor using data from actual agricultural work and driving conditions. A load measurement system was constructed to collect data using wheel torque meters, proximity sensors, and a data acquisition system. Field experiments for measuring load data were performed for two environmental driving conditions (on asphalt and soil) and four agricultural operations (plow tillage, rotary tillage, loader operation, and baler operation). The attached implements and gear stages were selected through farmer surveys. The range of the reduction ratio was determined by selecting the minimum reduction ratio needed to satisfy the torque condition required for agricultural operations and the maximum reduction gear ratio to satisfy the maximum travel speed. The minimum reduction gear ratio selected was 57 in consideration of the working load condition and the maximum reduction gear ratio selected was 62 considering the maximum running speed. In the range of the reduction gear ratio 57 - 62, the selected motor satisfied all working torque conditions. As a result, the combination of the selected motor and reduction gear ratio was applicable for satisfying the loads required during agricultural operation and driving operation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 1998

An experimental study was conducted on the effect of compressor capacity control range of heat pump on the seasonal energy efficiency ratio with variation of the maximum and minimum compressor input frequencies. To obtain seasonal energy efficiency ratio, steady state test at the maximum, minimum and intermediate compressor speed and cyclic test at the minimum compressor speed should be conducted. Maximum input frequency was varied to 95Hz, 105Hz, and 115Hz, and the minimum input frequency was varied to 35Hz, 45Hz, and 55Hz. The seasonal energy efficiency ratio increased as the input frequency of the compressor decreased. The maximum input frequency had only slight effects on the SEER.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.90 no.5
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• pp.447-458
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• 2024

This study investigated the influence of scale ratio and vertical load on the seismic performance of Puzuo joints in traditional Chinese timber structures. Three low-cyclic reversed loading tests were conducted on three scaled specimens of Bujian Puzuo in Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. This study focused on the deformation patterns and analyzed seismic performance under varying scale ratios and vertical loads. The results indicated that the slip and rotational deformations of Bujian Puzuo were the primary deformations. The scale of the specimen did not affect the layer where the maximum interlayer slip occurred, but it did decrease the proportion of slip deformation. Conversely, the reducing vertical load caused the layer with the maximum slippage and the position of the damaged Dou components to shift upward, and the proportion of slip deformation increased. When the vertical load was decreased by 3.7 times, the maximum horizontal bearing capacity under positive and negative loadings, initial stiffness, and energy dissipation of the specimen decreased by approximately 60%, 58.79%, 69.62%, and 57.93%, respectively. The horizontal bearing capacity under positive loading and energy dissipation of the specimen increased by 35.63% and 131.54%, when the specimen scale was doubled and the vertical load was increased by 15 times.