• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

During adolescence the mutational period is characterized by the changes in the laryngeal structure, the length of the vocal cords, and a tone of voice. Usually, adolescents at 15 or 16 reach the voice of adults but the mutational period is sometimes delayed. Therefore, studies on the voice of adolescents between 16 ~ 18 right after the mutational period are required. Accordingly, this paper attempted to provide basic data about the normal standard for patients with voice disorders during this period by evaluating the vocal characteristics of males and females between 16 ~ 18 with an objective device bycomparing and analyzing them by sex and age. The study was conducted on a total of 60 subjects composed of each 10 subjects of each age. The vocal analysis was conducted by MPT (Maximum Phonation Time) measurement, sustained vowels and sentence reading. As for /a/ sustained vowels, fundamental frequency, hereinafter referred to as $F_0$, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio, hereinafter referred to as NHR were measured by using the Multi-dimensional voice program (MDVP) among the Multi-Speech program of Computerized Speech Lab (Kay Elemetrics). The sentence reading, mean $F_0$, maximum $F_0$ and minimum $F_0$ were measured using the Real-Time Pitch (RTP) Model 5121 among the Multi-Speech program of Computerized Speech Lab (Kay Elemetrics). As a result, according to sex, there were statistically significant differences in $F_0$, jitter, shimmer, mean $F_0$, maximum $F_0$, and minimum $F_0$; and according to age, there were statistically significant differences in MPT. In conclusion, the voice of the adolescents between 16 ~ 18 reached the maturity levels of adults but the voice quality which can be considered on the scale of voice disorders showed transition to the voice of an adult during the mutational period.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1984

고기가 자망에 이망될 숙건하에 그물면에 작용하는 붕어(Carassius carassius)의 유영력을 시험수조에서 strain gauge를 써서 즉정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 순간최대유영력 및 지속최대유영력과의 체중과의 관계는 F 하(M) =1.45W, F 하(s) =0.29W 이다. 2. 순관최대유영력 및 지속최대유영력과의 체중과의 관계는 F 하(M) =0.11L 상(2.63), F 하(S) =0.15L 상(1.77)이다. 3. 붕어의 유체저항계수는 C 하(s) ≒0.287이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.710-717
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• 1997

An investigation made of fabric strength & elongation and the lock stitch seam strength & elongation by stitch density (N1.5; 26 stitches/3 cm, N2.0; 19 stitches/3 cm, N2.5; 14 stitches/3cm) depending on methods of. sample prepariation (angle variations of unseamed sample and overlapping way of seamed sample) It found maximum stitch density that results of the seam strength test was highist in each angle of bias. The results obstained were as follows: 1. As the results of fabric strength and elongation tests as a function of angle of bias, breaking strength were that warp and weft angles (0$^{\circ}$, 90$^{\circ}$) were much higher than bias angles (20$^{\circ}$, 30$^{\circ}$, 45$^{\circ}$, 60$^{\circ}$) . And otherwise breaking elongation were that 45$^{\circ}$ angle of bias were highest and were that the warp & weft way were lower. 2. As the results of the seam strength tests by the stitch density under samples of same angles, the maximum stitch density were those; under 0$^{\circ}$/0$^{\circ}$, 60$^{\circ}$/60$^{\circ}$:F1, F2-N2.0, F3-N1.5, under 20$^{\circ}$/20$^{\circ}$, 30$^{\circ}$/30$^{\circ}$, 45$^{\circ}$/45$^{\circ}$: F1-N2.5, F2-N2.0, F3-N1.5, under 90$^{\circ}$/90$^{\circ}$: F1, F2, F3-N1.5. 3. As the results of the seam strength tests by the stitch density under samples of symmetry angles, the maximum stitch density were those; under 20$^{\circ}$/-20$^{\circ}$, 30$^{\circ}$/-30$^{\circ}$, 60$^{\circ}$/-60$^{\circ}$: F1, F3-N1.5, F2-N2.0, under 45$^{\circ}$/-45$^{\circ}$: F1, F2-N2.0, F3-N1.5.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.222-230
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• 1991

Conjugate heat transfer by steady laminar natural convection from a conducting tube with two vertical axial fins has been studied by a finite difference numerical procedure under basic conditions; $Ra=10_6$, Pr = 5 and $L_F=0.15$. The maximum local tube Nusselt number appears at ${\theta}=140^{\circ}$ for $L_F=0.06$, at ${\theta}=130^{\circ}$ for $L_F=0.30$ and at ${\theta}=120^{\circ}$ for $L_F=0.30$, $L_F=0.06$, respectively. The maximum mean Nusselt number shows at $L_F=0.18$ for the downward fin and at $L_F=0.12$ for the upward fin. Therefore the optimized fin length is $L_F{\approx}0.15$ under these conditions. At $L_F=0.15$, the mean Nusselt number by increasing Rayleigh number is remarkably increased for downward fin and then is slowly increased except for downward fin, it by increasing Prandtl number is apparently increased at $Pr{\leq}2$, and slightly increased at Pr>2.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2017

This study researched the population of ecological characteristics of the goldeyes rockfish Sebasetes thompsoni sampled by gill net in the Ulleungdo area from February 2013 to February 2014 in order to assess the current stock status and provide scientific advice for management implementation. The instantaneous coefficient of total mortality (Z) was 0.78/year and the survival rate (S) was 0.459. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) was 0.461/year. Based on the estimates of Z and M, the instantaneous coefficient of fishing mortality (F) was 0.318/year. The age at first capture ($t_c$) was 4.41/years. Current Yield-per-recruit (YPR) was 30.83 g, and fishing mortality at maximum YPR ($F_{max}$) and fishing mortality corresponding to 10% of the maximum slope in YPR curve ($F_{0.1}$) were 3.257/year and 0.673/year, respectively. $F_{35%}$ and $F_{40%}$, indicating fishing mortalities at 35% and 40% of maximum Spawning biomass-per-recruit (SBPR), were 0.619/year and 0.509/year, respectively. Based on the biological reference points, fishing mortality at overfished threshold yield ($F_{OTY}$) was calculated as 0.509/year. Current $SBPR/SBPR_{MSY}$ was 1.313 above 1.0, which means 'not overfishe,' while current $F/F_{OTY}$ was 0.629 below 1.0, which indicates 'not overfishing.' In conclusion, the current status of goldeyes rockfish was located in green zone (i.e., not overfished and not overfishing) according to the revised Kobe plot.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the yield response of soybean to drought stress in 1984 and 1986 at the experiment field of the National Academy of Agricultural Science using experiment plots with different soil water tension and fertilizer levels. The average yield response factor (YRF) of soybean to evapotranspiration (ET) calculated as [(Ya/Ym)/(ETa/ETm)], where Ya, average yield; Ym, maximum yield; ETa, average ET; and ETm, maximum ET, was 0.91 with the range from 0.74 to 1.16. Relationship between yield index (YI=[Ya/Ym]) and evapotranspiration index (ETI=[ETa/PET]) was $YI=0.87{\cdot}(ETI)+0.09$. Relationship between YI and the maximum soil water tension (Hmax) was $YI=1.23-0.23{\cdot}{\log}$ (Hmax). Relationship between YI and the days of drought stressed (Dr) was $YI=0.877{\cdot}{\exp}$ ($-0.01{\cdot}Dr$). The relation between YI and fertilizer level (F) was $YI=-0.21{\cdot}F2+0.36{\cdot}F+0.33$, under very serious drought condition as the maximum soil water tension was 0.3 MPa.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.71-86
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• 1999

본 연구는 국내 11 네일링 현장을 대상으로 경사계와 변형률계의 계측자료를 이용하여 쏘일네일링 벽체의 변위와 네일의 인장력을 고찰하였다. 연구결과 최대수평변위량은 시공과정이 양호한 현장의 경우와 불량한 경우 각각 굴착깊이(H)의 0.2%, 0.3%이하로 나타났으며, 벽체의 최대수평변위 발생위치는 지표면으로부터 굴착심도의 약 5~l5%이내의 벽체상단에서 발생하였다. 최종굴착깊이$(H_f)$와 네일의 길이(L)와의 길이비 R이 0.5이하, 0.5~0.6, 0.6~0.7인 경우 최대수평변위가 각각 굴착깊이(H)의 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%로 나타났다. 그러나 길이비 R이 0.7이상인 경우에는 최대수평변위가 굴착깊이의 약0.3%로 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며 이러한 결과는 굴착깊이가 얕고, 토사층 부분이 많았기 때문으로 판단된다. 최대인장력을 무차원화한 K값은 지표면으로부터 최종굴착깊이$(H_f)$의 $0.6H_f$까지는 0.8이하로 나타났으며, $0.6H_f$에서부터 최종굴착면까지 선형적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 최종굴착완료시 네일의 최대 인장력$(T_{max)$이 네일의 항복인장력$(T_{\sigmay)$에 최대 60%까지 도달하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2008

이 연구는 생횔체육 프로그램으로서의 태권에어로빅스 옆차기 동작의 운동학적 분석으로 대상자는 숙련자와 비숙련자 각 7명으로 하였다. 자료는 Qualisys사의 Proreflex MCU-240 카메라 7대를 샘플링 율(sampling rate), 100frames/sec로 촬영한 후 Qualisys System(SWEDEN)의 QTM(Motion Capture Software)으로 위치 좌표를 얻었으며 Visual3D를 사용하여 연구변인을 산출하였고, 두 집단간의 평균치 차이 검정은 SPSS 12.0K의 독립 t-test를 유의수준 p<.05로 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 구간별 소요시간은 전 구간에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2. 무릎 각도의 경우 제2 무릎최대굴곡순간(p=0.046, F=4.925)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3. 무릎 각속도의 경우 제1 무릎최대굴곡순간(p=0.031, F=5.940)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 4. 힙의 굴곡/신전 각도는 제2 무릎최대굴곡순간(p=0.012, F=8.668)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 5. 힙의 외/내전 각속도는 무릎최소굴곡순간(p=0.019, F=7.324)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 6. 힙의 외/내측 회전각속도는 무릎최소굴곡순간(p=0.005, F=11.87)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.661-671
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• 2011

This study was designed to produce rounded belt pattern and tight-skirt pattern drafting method using 3D body scan data. Subjects were thirty women in their early twenties. In order to figure out the optimum cutting points, namely, where darts are made, using CAD program, curve ratio inflection points on the horizontal curve of waist, abdomen, and hip to find 1 point in the front, two points in the back part. The average length from center front point to maximum curve ratio was 7.7 cm(46.3%) on the waist curve; 7.9 cm(39.4%) on the abdomen curve. And the average length from center back point to maximum curve ratio point was 6.9 cm(39.0%) for first dart and 11.2 cm(63.3%) for second dart on the waist curve; 8.9 cm(35.8%) for first dart and 15.7 cm(63.3%) for second dart on the hip curve respectively. The cutting lines from were made up by connecting curve inflection points. After divided using cutting lines, each patch was flattened onto the plane and all the technical design factors related with patternmaking were measured, such as dart amount, lifting amount of side waist point, etc. Based on the results of correlation analysis among these factors, regression analysis was done to produce equations to estimate the variables necessary to draw up pattern draft method; F1=F8+1.1, $F4=2.5{\times}F2+0.9$, $F5=0.9{\times}F4+1.0$, $F6=0.3{\times}F4+0.4$, $B1=0.9{\times}B8+2.3$, $B4=2.1{\times}B2+1.3$, $B5=0.9{\times}B4+3.5$, and $B6=0.3{\times}B4+0.4$.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1293-1299
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) for chronic empyema-associated malignancy (CEAM). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT images of 33 patients with chronic empyema, and analyzed the following findings: 1) shape of the empyema cavity, 2) presence of fistula, 3) maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the empyema cavity, 4) uptake pattern of the empyema cavity, 5) presence of a protruding soft tissue mass within the empyema cavity, and 6) involvement of adjacent structures. Final diagnosis was determined based on histopathology or clinical follow-up for at least 6 months. The abovementioned findings were compared between the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT images of CEAM and chronic empyema. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was also performed. Results: Six lesions were histopathologically proven as malignant; there were three cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, two of squamous cell carcinoma, and one of poorly differentiated carcinoma. Maximum SUV within the empyema cavity (p < 0.001) presence of a protruding soft tissue mass (p = 0.002), and involvement of the adjacent structures (p < 0.001) were significantly different between the CEAM and chronic empyema images. The maximum SUV exhibited the highest diagnostic performance, with the highest specificity (96.3%, 26/27), positive predictive value (85.7%, 6/7), and accuracy (97.0%, 32/33) among all criteria. On ROC analysis, the area under the curve of maximum SUV was 0.994. Conclusion: ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT can be useful for diagnosing CEAM in patients with chronic empyema. The maximum SUV within the empyema cavity is the most accurate ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT diagnostic criterion for CEAM.