• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2018

A morphological and molecular survey was conducted to determine the taxonomic status of Saussurea maximowiczii var. triceps on Jejudo Island. Although it tends to be smaller than S. maximowiczii with regard to typical quantitative characters of vegetative organs, including the plant height and leaf size, these two taxa cannot be distinguished from each other based on major reproductive characters, including the involucre and florets. Molecular data support the contention that S. triceps and S. maximowiczii are monophyletic taxa. Saussurea maximowiczii var. triceps is found to be an ecological phenotype of S. maximowiczii that has adapted particularly to the windy highlands of Hallasan Mountain on Jejudo Island.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 2018

Lespedeza maximowiczii C. K. Schneid. (Fabaceae) is a deciduous shrub which is known to be distributed in the temperate forests of China, Korea and on Tsushima Island of Japan. Due to severe morphological variations within species, numerous examinations have been conducted for Korean L. maximowiczii. However, the morphology of Chinese plants has not been studied as thoroughly, despite doubts about their taxonomy. To clarify this taxonomic issue, we investigated morphological characters and undertook a Bayesian clustering analysis with microsatellite markers. The morphological and genetic traits of Chinese individuals varied considerably from those of typical L. maximowiczii growing in Korea. For example, petals of the former had a different shape and bore long claws, while the calyx lobes were diverged above the middle and the upper surface of the leaflet was pubescent. Their terete buds and spirally arranged bud scales were distinct from those within the series/section Heterolespedeza, which includes L. maximowiczii. Our Bayesian clustering analysis additionally included L. buergeri as an outgroup. Those results indicated that the Chinese samples clustered into a lineage separated from L. maximowiczii (optimum cluster, K = 2), despite the fact that the latter is grouped into the same lineage with L. buergeri. Therefore, we treat those Chinese plants as a new species with the name L. pseudomaximowiczii.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.300-318
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• 2019

Many infraspecific taxa within Lespedeza maximowiczii and hybrids with related species have been described, but taxonomic verification remains controversial. We examined the morphological traits of hybrids (L. chiisanensis and L. patentibicolor) and infraspecific taxa (var. tomentella, elongata, and tricolor) and analyzed their genetic structures using microsatellite loci. Flower and leaflet shapes in var. tomentella and elongata were within the range of variation of those in var. maximowiczii, and individuals in the two former varieties were grouped into var. maximowiczii. Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor was similar to L. buergeri in terms of the structure and flower color, whereas the leaflet and bracteole shapes of var. tricolor were similar to those of var. maximowiczii. Based on the genetic structure (K = 3), var. tricolor had a mixed lineage with L. maximowiczii and L. buergeri. In addition, these formed a distinct lineage at K = 5. For two hybrids, the flower and leaflet structure in L. chiisanensis did not differ from those in L. maximowiczii, whereas the flowers of L. patentibicolor were within the range of variation of L. bicolor. In addition, L. chiisanensis and L. patentibicolor were assigned to L. maximowiczii and L. bicolor, respectively, based on the genetic structure. We treated var. tomentella and elongata as a forma, f. friebeana, because L. friebeana preceded var. tomentella, whereas var. tricolor was treated as a distinct species, L. tricolor. Lespedeza chiisanensis was recognized as a synonym of L. maximowiczii. Lespedeza patentibicolor was considered to be L. bicolor.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2000

Crystals in the woods and barks of Populus maximowiczii and Populus nigra ${\times}$ maximowiczii were examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and soft X-ray. Populus examined had the wetwood and the heartwood of Populus showed higher moisture content than in adjacent sapwood. The crystals can be detected clearly by the soft X-ray due to their higher densities than the wood. Crystals in xylem wood of Populus were found mainly at heartwood. However, they were concentrated in specific areas such as in color-stained area or along the specific annual rings. Crystals showed the highest occurrence around the pith. Within a growth ring the amount of crystals in earlywood was more abundant than in latewood. Crystals were observed mainly at vessels and fibers although they occurred at all kinds of cells in heartwood. Crystals in the bark were scattered evenly both in inner bark and in outer bark. Populus nigra${\times}$maximowiczii showed higher frequency of leaf knots than Populus maximowiczii.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 1984

The Populus maximowiczii dominated forest of the Sangcheon ravine, Mt. Seolag, is distributed in the area with the conglemerates substrate, along the ravine stream from 170m to 550m in altitude. Toward the both slopes of the northern and southern peak from the stream side, the zonal distribution of vegetation was recognized; P. maximowiczii forest of Pinus densiflora forest and deciduous broad leaved forest. The pure community of P. maximowiczii with even more 80-98% in relative basal area (aspen basal area/basal area) was found in the ravine area from 360m to 420m in altitude, the optimal ranges in the species and community by two dimensional ordination with thermal and xeric cline axis. The species compete with Pinus densiflora, in the ravine stream side, and with deciduous broad leaved tree species such as Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Prunus sargentii, Lindera obtusiloba, in the mountain slope sides. On the other hand, the ravine vegetation, including the aspen forest, was classified into Pinus densiflora, Pinus densiflora-Carpinus laxiflora, Pinus densiflora-Populus maximowiczii, jessoensis, Acer mono-Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Carpinus laxiflora-Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis-Quercus ariena, Quercus ariena, Quercus variabilis-Stephanandra incisa, Picrasma quassioides-Celtis sinensis, Betula davurica-Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Styrax obassia-Lindera obtusiloba association.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1995

From Salix maximowiczii of the Korean Salix, morphological and palynological characters were investigated by stereoscopic, light, and scanning electron microscopes. Also, this study was eonducted to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the disjunct distribution in Salix maximowiczii forests grown within the restricted region. 1. Morphological characters of S. maximowiczii clarified with the descriptions and figures. 2. The palynological description was made to the S. maximowiczii and identified distinctly species. 3. S. maximowiczii is distributed only in Baekdam and Hangyeryong valley of Mt. Sorak in Kangwon-do, and valley of height region in Kyeongseong-gun (Hamgyongbuk-do), Sinhueng-gun, and Pungsan-gun (Hamgyongnam-do) in North Korea. 4. Water factors was better than temperature factors in the influence of meteorological factors for disjunct distribution. 5. These ecological and taxonomical informations could be used in practical application for silvicultural prescription, such as erosion control forest, timber production, and development of green area in river bank.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2000

Phytochemical examination of the leaves of Alnus maximowiczii Call, one of the indigenous Alnus species grows in Korea, has led to the isolation of three flavonoids. Structure of these flavonoids were elucidated as quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (1) , quercetin-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranoside (2) and myricetin-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranoside (3) respectively by means of physico-chemical and spectral evidences.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2001

The response of respiration rates of root, Ao layer and mineral soil to varying environmental factors was studied in Popuius maximowiczii stand (25-year-old) during the growing season of 1997. Soil temperature showed a pronounced seasonal course, in contrast to soil moisture. The mineral soil respiration was high in August, and root and Ao layer respiration, were high in July. An exponential equation best described the relationships between soil temperature and mineral soil respiration, and total soil respiration (r＝0.95 and 0.92, p＜0.001), respectively. In P. maximowiczii stand, soil respiration rates were reduced by about 19% after removal of the Ao layer, and by about 30% after removal of living root. Therefore, mineral soil respiration seemed to contribute gretly to the total soil respiration (50%).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.417-420
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• 1993

Changes in color intensity of Hololeion maximowiczii(HM) roots which were treated with freeze drying (FD), $50^{\circ}C$ hot air drying (HAD) and $50^{\circ}C$ hot air drying after steam blanching (HADB) were investigated in this study. Color of HADB was yellow-green while other treatments showed bright brown color. In brown color intensity, optical density at 420 nm of FD treatment was highest but HADB treatment showed the highest value in ultra violet spectrum. Water soluble pigment of HM in state of aquous solution was more unstable for heat treatment than that in state of powder. Activation energy for decomposition of the pigment was 20.9 kcal/mole between $90{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ but 50.6 kcal/mole between $80{\sim}90^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1983

Survival and height growth affected by cutting diameter were studied to find out the optimum size of cuttings in Populus nigra${\times}$p. maximowiczii $F_1$ clones. The size of the cuttings should be at least 8mm, when 80 percent of survival rate is considered as a standard. The height growth was increased with increase of cutting diameter for two months after planting and, after two months, effect of cutting diameter on height growth was decreased since July. However, the survival rate and height growth of large cuttings (above 13mm) showed better than small cuttings (below 13mm), when the cutting sizes are divided into two groups. Height growth per day was reached at peak during August, and then it was gradually decreased. It was considered that the height growth terminated in early 10 days of October.