• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.117-133
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• 2014

Natural vibration of truss cable structures is analyzed based upon the general structural analysis software ANSYS, energy variational method and Rayleigh method, the calculated results of three methods are compared, from which the characteristics of free-vibration are obtained. Moreover, vertical seismic response analysis of truss cable structures is carried out via time-history method. Introducing three natural earthquake waves calculated the results including time-history curve of vertical maximal displacement, time-history curve of maximal internal force. Variation curve of maximal displacement of node along span, and variation curve of maximal internal force of member along span are presented. The results show the formulas of frequencies for truss cable structures obtained by energy variational method are of high accuracy. Furthermore, the maximal displacement and the maximal internal force occur near the 1/5 span point. These provide convenient and simple design method for practical engineering.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.379-386
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• 2000

This study is aimed to determine the cardiovascular function response to maximal exercise of chronic low back pain patients(N=13) and normal group(N=13). by using BRUCE PROTOCOL, subjects underwent tredmill exercise test. Their cardiovascular function responses during rest and after maximal exercise were compared The responses were analyzed using t-test for SPSS 7.0 program. The Cardiovascular function variables employed at rest time(Vo2, HR. Vo2/kg, VE, Vco2.) and all out time(Vo2peak. HRpeak, Vo2peak/kg, VEpeak. Vco2peak). Result show that : 1 There was no significant difference in Vo2 between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in Volpeak was observed after maximal exercise( p<.05). 2. There was no significant difference in HR between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. No significant difference in HRpeak likewise observed. 3. There was no significant difference in Vo2/kg between chronic low back pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in Vo2peak/kg was observed after maximal exercise load(p<.05). 4. There was no significance in VE between chronic low bark pain patients and normal group at rest time. However significant difference in VEpeak observed after maximal exercise load(p<.05).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.1 s.39
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• pp.129-138
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• 2006

Various techniques have been applied to solve the maximal covering problem. Tabu search is also one of them. But, existing researches were lacking of the synthetic analysis and the effort for performance improvement about neighborhood search techniques such as hill-climbing search and simulated annealing including tabu search. In this paper, I introduce the way to improve performance of neighborhood search techniques through various experiments and analyses. Basically, all neighborhood search algorithms use the k-exchange neighborhood generation method. And I analyzed how the performance of each algorithm changes according to various parameter settings. Experimental results have shown that simple hill-climbing search and simulated annealing can produce better results than any other techniques. And I confirmed that simple hill-climbing search can produce similar results as simulated annealing unlike general case.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1091-1100
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out how energy substrate's utilizations in the maximal exercise-cardiorespiratory function and the energy metabolic variation- have the effect on before and after the supplements of coenzyme Q10(100mg per day for 8 weeks) based on the male students(CoQ10=8, placebo=8) of high school. The results of this study are as follows: Maximal oxygen uptake and maximal oxygen per weight are found to have the significant increase respectively in supplement group. Glucose is found to have the significant decrease after the supplement of CoQ10. And then FFA is found to have the significant increase. In the above results, the supplements of CoQ10 and cardiorespiratory function in the maximal exercise are found to have the improvement. CoQ10 in the anaerobic exercise spares the energy's utilization of Glucose and then is found to have the increase of the utilization of FFA. CoQ10 in the aerobic exercise is reported to have the increase of the utilization of FFA and then CoQ10 in the maximal exercise is also recognized to have the increase of the utilization of FFA, or energy substrates.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual feedback bicycle training on running performance, maximal oxygen uptake and quadriceps muscle strength. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifteen healthy adult men with no musculoskeletal or nervous system disease and capable of bicycle training were included. After the pretest, subjects were randomly assigned to visual feedback bicycle training group and general fixed bicycle training group. Both groups were trained two times a week for three weeks, each week for a fixed time and number of repetitions, followed by a six week washout period and then crossing the training method. visual feedback bicycle training provides visual feedback of heart rate in real time using a monitor and a heart rate meter during bicycle training, and general fixed bicycle training performed general bicycle training without visual feedback. After training, each item was measured using a wearable technology, gas analyzer, isokinetic equipment. Results: The results of this study was significant differences in running performance, maximal oxygen uptake and quadriceps muscle strength in visual feedback bicycle training group (p<0.05). The differential effect was found between visual feedback bicycle training group and general fixed bicycle training group in running performance, maximal oxygen uptake, and quadriceps muscle strength (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggested that that visual feedback bicycle training can be applied as a useful training method to improve running performance, maximal oxygen uptake and quadriceps muscle strength.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.56-66
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• 1999

The purpose of this study focused how to show physiological responses comparing exercise group and non exercise group for progressive maximal wheelchair ergometer exercise loading in complete paraplegia. It also examined the various factors which would be influenced physiological responses. Sixteen subjects have been investigated in this study, and the subjects are divided into two groups as follows: 1) exercise group (7 subjects) 2) non exercise group (9 subjects). Each test was terminated by physical exhaustion and/or an inability to maintain a flywheel velocity. The results were as follows: 1) No difference was noted in pulmonary function test between two groups. 2) $\dot{v}$ Emax value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ Emax of exercise group was $69.67{\ell}/min$, non exercise group was $41.47{\ell}/min$. 3) $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$(${\ell}/min$) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$(${\ell}/min$) of exercise group was $1.72{\ell}/min$, non exercise group was $1.15{\ell}/min$. 4) $\dot{v}$ $O_2$ max(ml/kg/min) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean $\dot{v}$ $O_2max$($ml/kg{\cdot}min$) of exercise group was $25.99ml/kg{\cdot}min$, non exercise group was $18.61{\ell}/min$. 5) Maximal heart rate(HRmax) value during maximal exercise was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). The mean HRmax of exercise group was 180.43 beats/min, non exercise group was 175.00 beats/min. 6) $\dot{v}\;E/\dot{v}\;O_2$ value during maximal exercise was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). The mean $\dot{v}\;E/\dot{v}\;O_2$ of exercise group was $36.36{\ell}/{\ell}\;O_2$, non exercise group was $45.46{\ell}/{\ell}\;O_2$. Considering the results which explore the exercise group with paraplegia has shown the maximal aerobic power compared with non exercise group, regular and consistent physical training is highly assumed as a main factor to improve cardiopulmonary fitness.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1999

To make the objective standard of nuclear size ingrading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, we measured maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections from 65 cases by using computer-based image analysis system(Optimas 6.0). The maximal diameter of red blood cells were also measured to evaluate the ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells. The mean values of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections were $7.56{\mu}m,\;7.53{\mu}m$ in nuclear grade 1, $8.92{\pm}0.98{\mu}m,\;9.02{\pm}0.74{\mu}m$ in nuclear grade 2, and $12.90{\pm}1.47{\mu}m,\;12.44{\pm}1.41{\mu}m$ in nuclear grade 3, respectively. There were no significant differences between values of imprint cytology and histologic section. The ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells were 1.3-1.4:1 in nuclear grade 1, 1.6-1.7:1 in nuclear grade 2, and 2.2-2.3:1 in nuclear grade 3. These values would be guidelines for grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast on routine surgical pathology work.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 1968

Maximal oxygen debt, lactate and excess lactate were measured in 13 men with low hematocrit ratio before and after maximal exercise. Maximal exercise run was performed on a treadmill and the duration of run was 2 minutes 45 seconds in each subject. Hematocrit ratio ranged between 35 and 47%, the mean being 39.8%. The following results were obtained. 1. Maximal oxygen debt expressed on basis of body weight increased as the hematocrit ratio decreased. The correlation coefficient between the two was r= -0.770. 2. The time necessary for decreasing to 50% of total maximal $O_2$ debt(half time) became longer as the hematocrit ratio decreased. In normal men the half time was about 4 minutes and at the longest it was 12 minutes in men with the lowest hematocrit ratio. 3. The lactate concentration reached its peak value after 3 minutes of recovery. Thereafter, the time course of decrease in lactate concentration coincided roughly with that of respiratory oxygen debt curve. To reach to the resting level, however, it took longer time than that of respiratory oxygen debt. 4. Resting concentrations of lactate was 1.28 mM/l, pyruvate 0.13 mM/l and L/P ratio was 9.8. Peak value of ${\Delta}L$ after exercise reached to the value of 10.4 mM/l and ${\Delta}L/P$ reached 26.0. Peak excess lactate after exercise was 6.34 mM/l. 5. The part of oxygen debt accounted for by the oxygen equivalent of excess lactate was only 38.4%. A better relationship between lactate and oxygen debt was observed and the part of oxygen debt accounted for by the oxygen equivalent of lactate was 63.3%. 6. Peak value of lactate after maximal exercise increased as the hematocrit ratio decreased. 7. Respiratory oxygen debt of 100 ml/kg was accounted for by lactate more than 60% and only 30% was by excess lactate. 8. Excess lactate was not a good index of respiratory oxygen debt.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2018

Background: Several grip strength tests are commonly used for detecting sincerity of effort. However, there is still no widely accepted standardized sincerity of effort test. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether grip strength test in three wrist positions could distinguish between maximal and submaximal efforts. Methods: Twenty healthy individuals (10 men and 10 women) with a mean age of $26.7{\pm}3.92years$ participated in this study. All participants completed two test conditions (maximal and submaximal efforts) in three wrist positions (neutral, flexion, and extension) using both hands. Each participant exerted 100% effort in the maximal effort condition and 50% effort in the submaximal effort condition. The participants performed three repetitions of the grip strength test for each session. Results: The results showed that there is a significant main effect of the type of effort (p < 0.001), wrist position (p < 0.001), and hand (p = 0.028). There were also significant types of effort and wrist position interactions (p < 0.001) and effort and hand interactions (p < 0.028). The results also showed that grip strength was highest at the wrist in neutral position in both the maximal and the submaximal effort condition. Grip strength values of the three wrist positions in the maximal effort condition were noticeably greater than those in the submaximal effort condition. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that grip strength test in three wrist positions can differentiate a maximal effort from a submaximal effort. Thus, this test could potentially be used to detect sincerity of effort in clinical setting.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chest mobilization and stretching exercises on maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure in healthy adults who use computers for extended periods of time each day due to coronavirus disease 2019. Methods: Twenty-five healthy adults in their 20s and without respiratory disease (15 female, 10 male) took part in this study. Two types of thoracic mobilizing exercises using a Theraband and three types of stretching exercises using a foam roller were performed. Maximum inspiratory pressure and maximum expiratory pressure were measured three times each before and after the interventions. In terms of statistical methods, the maximum inspiratory pressure due to chest mobility and stretching was compared with the maximum expiratory pressure using parametric paired t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Maximum inspiratory pressure (p = .012) and maximum expiratory pressure (p = .006) showed significant differences before and after chest mobilization exercise and stretching among the participants. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that chest mobilization and stretching exercises are effective exercise methods for improving maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure. They suggest that these exercises can prevent respiratory muscle weakness and improve aerobic fitness in healthy people as well as those in need of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy.