• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.187-195
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• 1992

This study carried out to investigate selection response of pure line population of layer chicken. Data for two layer pure line of Single Comb White Leghorn were collected from 1986 to 1991. Primary selection criteria were egg number to 270 days of age (EN270), egg weight(BW270), body weight (BW270) at 270 days of age and the days of the 1st egg(SM). The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows ; 1. Mean phenotypic values of two strains were decreased by 1.94 day(K), 1.320ay(F) for SM and increased by 0.09g(K), -0.05g(F) for EW 270 and 0.56(K), -0.78(F) for EN270. 2. The ratio of a realized selection differential to expected selection differentials for SM (sexual maturity), EW 270, and BW 270 were not significantly decreased during 5 generations. 3. Heritability were estimated from sib analysis. The means of estimates were 0.28(F), 0.39(K) for BW270, and 0.25(F), 0.29(K) for EN270 and 0.51(F), 0.48(K) for EW270. 4. The genetic gains were estimated by method of selection index in retrospect on the basis of selection differentials. EN270 and EW270 were found to increase by 2.01(F), 2.25(K) and 0.54 (F), 0.65(K) per generation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1974

In order to establish a rational application method of potash to paddy rice(Oryza sativa L. Jinheung, a Japonica variety) field and pot experiments on split application of two rates (6kg and 12kg $K_2O$ per 10a) of potash at a certain critical growing stage have conducted in 1973 and the results were as follows: 1. At the treatment where a rate of 6kg $K_2O$ per 10a(lower dose) of potash was supplied in two split doses, a half at transplanting time and the other half at young panicle formation stage, the yield of paddy rice appeatred to be low due to less number of panicles per hill. (Field experiment) 2. The treatment where potash supply ceased at transplanting time or at effective tillering stage but supplied at the other two stages (including panicle initiation stage) have failed to increase K content in the flag leaf and have shown low maturity and low thousand grain weight, which resulted in low paddy rice yield. (pot experiment) 3. From above two facts, it is concluded that the application of potash at transplanting time is an important practice for the high yielding of paddy rice. 4. The application of lime seemed to stimulate later growth of paddy depressing the unnecessary increase of poor miserable tillers in early stages of growth.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 1971

1. Based upon an fertilizer experiment done in a farmer's field, with a medium maturity variety, Jinheung, (in 1969) a method of determination of nitrogen to be additionally given, at tillering and reproductive stages was studied. In this experiment, four kilograms of nitrogen per 0.1 ha was applied as basal dressing to all experimental treatments at transplanting time. 2. The application of nitrogen at the reproductive stage of paddy increased the yield remarkably and cut down the amount of nitrogen to be given at the tillering stage. The yield of paddy, 670kg/0.1 ha obtained by the application of 6.82kg N/0.1 ha at the reproductive stage far exceeded the yield, 644kg/0.1ha obtained when over 8kg N/0.1ha of N is applied at tillering stage alone. This emphasizes the importance of nitrogen top dressing at the reproductive stage. 3. As the amount of nitrogen to be given at both stages, reproductive and tillering, would be the reflection of soil fertility of the field, a correlative study between the amount of nitrogen to be given at both stages and soil analysis is suggested to be undertaken. 4. A study on the relationship between the amount of fertilizer to be given at stages different growth and yield components is suggested to be undertaken for the purpose of establishing a better fertilizer use technique.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.130-148
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• 2013

Domestic pizza market in Korea is in the age of maturity, and competition in the market is getting intense. Brand personality that can prompt consumer sensibility is evaluated as a proper method to differentiate the image of a corporate rather than products or technology that can be copied easily by competitors. In this study, we examined the structural relationships among brand personality of pizza brands in Korea, customer-brand relationship quality, and repurchase intention with selected measurement based on Aaker's Big 5. Based on questionnaires answered by 291 customers, this study examined validity and reliability by using SPSS 16.0 and AMOS 5.0 for its hypotheses. The result of the study modelling were GFI=0.900, NFI=0.922, CFI=0.965, RMSEA=0.050 at the level of ${\chi}^2$=384.130(df=1.715, p<0.001). First, sincerity, competence, and sophistication of the pizza brand personality had a positive effect on intimacy. Second, sincerity, competence, sophistication, and strength of the pizza brand personality had a positive effect on brand partner quality. Also, intimacy and brand partner quality had a positive effect on repurchase intention. Therefore, in the practical perspective, pizza brand management can utilize the findings of specific pizza brand personality in creating a competitive edge for marketing.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of the study is to find out how group sensory integrative (SI) intervention enhances play skill and social interaction of the children with sensory integration disorders. Method : Three children who were showing problems related in sensory integration received 12 SI intervention sessions. The Sensory Profile (SP) and The Social Maturity Scale (SMS) were accomplished by the subject's primary caregiver. Test of Playfulness (ToP) and Peer Social Interactions Rating Scale (PSIRS) were utilized to investigate the children's play skills and social interactions with their friends. Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) is applied to assess the children's play skill, social interactions with peer, and sensory processing at each session. Data was collected before- and after the intervention and analyzed by the Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test with SPSS/WIN version 10.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results : The average scores of ToP, PSIRS, and SMS were increased after the sensory integrative intervention. However, there is no significant difference in the play skills and social interactions between data of pre-intervention and the one of post-intervention. The score of the GAS was frequently increased in terms of the play skills and sensory processing throughout the whole sessions. Conclusions : This study reveals a possibility of that the group sensory integrative intervention may affect not only sensory processing ability, but also play skills and social interactions of children experiencing difficulties of sensory processing. Future research should supplement limitations of this study regarding insufficient number of the subject and the short period of the experiment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1553-1558
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density or group size on feed intake, daily gain, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean indigenous breed) steers reared from 7 months to 31 months of age. Thirty Hanwoo steers were divided into four groups with three replicates each (a total of 12 pens). In each group, one (G1), two (G2), three (G3), and four steers (G4) per pen were allocated as treatments. Pen size was $32.0m^2$, and therefore Hanwoo steers in G1, G2, G3, and G4 were reared under different space allowances, i.e. 32.0, 16.0, 10.6, and $8.0m^2$/steer, respectively. Steers were reared following a conventional beef cattle management method in Korea, and were offered a fixed amount of commercial concentrate with ad libitum forages. Results were subjected to analysis of variance with stocking density as the main effect, and significance was declared at p<0.05. Although total feed intake was not significantly altered, it numerically increased in animals of low stocking density (G1) compared to those subjected to high stocking density treatment (i.e. G4). Feed conversion ratio was higher (p<0.05) in G3 compared to G1 and G2. Animals in G1 (low stocking density) grew faster (p<0.05) than those of high stocking density (G3 and G4). Back fat thickness, meat yield index, and meat yield grade were similar among all levels of stocking density. However, longissimus muscle area was larger in G1 and G2 (p<0.01) compared to G3 and G4, and animals in G3 produced smaller carcasses (p<0.05). Carcass quality traits, including marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, maturity and meat quality grade, as determined by a group of experts, were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, lower stocking density resulted in increased feed efficiency, daily gain, and carcass weight in Hanwoo steers. However it remains unclear whether such differences are the results of stocking density or group size, or a combination of both. Nonetheless, these results confirm previous studies reporting a negative effect of increased stocking density on animal productivity. Further, animal welfare under an intensive farming system in relation to economical return is discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.816-824
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the shoot height at which the yield and nutritive value of wormwood (Artemisia montana) is optimized in order to provide information on its potential to support animal production (Experiment 1). A second objective was to determine how the essential oil (EO) concentration in wormwood hay and silage differ (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, Artemisia montana was harvested at five different shoot heights (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm) from triplicate $1.8{\times}1.8m$ plots. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured at each harvest date and the harvested wormwood was botanically separated into leaf, stalk and whole plant fractions and analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD). Values for total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were subsequently calculated using prediction equations. Dry matter yields of stalk and whole plant increased linearly (p<0.001) and leaf yield increased quadratically (p<0.01) with shoot height, whereas the leaf/stalk ratio decreased linearly (p<0.001). As shoot height increased, there was a linear increase (p<0.001) in leaf DM, ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents and a quadratic increase (p<0.05) in leaf acid detergent fiber (ADF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents, and stalk and whole plant DM (p<0.001), organic matter (OM, p<0.01 and p<0.05), NDF (p<0.001 and 0.05) and NFE (p<0.05) contents. However, there were decreases in leaf crude protein content (CP, quadratic, p<0.001) and stalk and whole plant EE content (linear, p<0.001), CP (quadratic, p<0.05) and ash (quadratic, p<0.05) contents. Digestibility of DM and TDN, and DE and ME value in leaves were not affected by increasing shoot height, but these measures linearly decreased (p<0.001) in stalk and whole plant. In Experiment 2, the hay had higher DM and CP concentrations, but lower EE concentration than the silage. Essential oil (EO) content in wormwood silage (0.49 g/100 g DM) was higher (p<0.05) than that in wormwood hay (0.32 g/100 g DM). Wormwood hay contained 25 essentail oils (EO) including camphor (10.4 g/100 g), 1-borneol (11.6 g/100 g) and caryophyllene oxide (27.7 g/100 g), and wormwood silage had 26 EO constituents including 3-cyclohexen-1-ol (8.1 g/100 g), trans-caryophyllene (8.6 g/100 g) and ${\gamma}$-selinene (16.8 g/100 g). It is concluded that the most ideal shoot height for harvesting wormwood is 60 cm based on the optimization of DM yield and nutritive value. Wormwood silage had a greater quantity and array of EO than wormwood hay.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1674-1678
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate genetic correlations between the behavioural profile and performance in laying hens as an indirect answer to the question whether the observed behavioural responses are associated with increased levels of stress in these birds. Methods: The assessment of birds' temperament was carried out using the novel objects test. The behavioural test was conducted in two successive generations comprising 9,483 Rhode Island White (RIW) birds (approx. 4,700 individuals per generation) and 4,326 Rhode Island Red (RIR) birds (approx. 2,100 individuals per generation). Based on the recorded responses, the birds were divided into two groups: a fearful profile (1,418 RIW hens and 580 RIR hens) and a brave/curious profile (8,065 RIW hens and 3,746 RIR hens). The birds were subjected to standard assessment of their performance traits, including SM, age at sexual maturity; ST, shell thickness; SG, egg specific gravity; EW, mean egg weight; IP, initial egg production; and HC, number of hatched chicks. The pedigree was three generations deep (including two behaviourrecorded generations). Estimation of the (co)variance components was performed with the Gibbs sampling method, which accounts for the discrete character of the behavioural profile denotation. Results: The analyses revealed negative correlations between the performance traits of the laying hens and the behavioural profile defined as fearful. In the group of fearful RIW birds, delayed sexual maturation (0.22) as well as a decrease in the initial egg production (-0.30), egg weight (-0.54), egg specific gravity (-0.331), shell thickness (-0.11), and the number of hatched chicks (-0.24) could be expected. These correlations were less pronounced in the RIR breed, in which the fearful birds exhibited a decline in hatchability (-0.37), egg specific gravity (-0.11), and the number of hatched chicks (-0.18). There were no correlations in the case of the other traits or they were positive but exhibited a substantial standard error, as for the egg weight. Conclusion: To sum up the results obtained, it can be noted that behavioural responses indicating fearfulness, i.e. escape, avoidance, and approach-avoidance may reflect negative emotions experienced by birds. The negative correlations with performance in the group of fearful hens may indirectly indicate a high level of stress in these birds, especially in the white-feathered birds, where stronger performance-fearfulness correlations were found. Fearful birds should be eliminated from breeding by inclusion of the behavioural profile in the selection criterion in the case of laying hens.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.61
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• pp.203-232
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze various factors that influence the academic life of students through a theoretical review. As a result of the analysis, sub-factors were derived to diagnose the factors. From the study's findings, principles and models for developing learning status diagnosis tools were designed. The study first, based upon the competencies of university students, university life, students' low academic achievement, and academic probation studies, confirmed what factors affect student learning and from them derived a set of sub-factors. The setting dimension was divided into psychology, learning, and career factors, while also including a factor of faith for Christian university students. Next, in the draft model, sub-factors were constructed for each factor: faith maturity and faith training in the faith factor, positive thinking, emotion regulation, and self-esteem in the psychology factor, self-directed learning ability, learning motivation, and learning strategies in the learning factor, and career reflection, career exploration, career management, and career barriers in the career factor. By using the Delphi method, the final model of learning status diagnosis was confirmed. As a result, we completed the model comprised of nine sub-factors in four parts. A follow-up study should be conducted that examines learning status diagnosis tools development research.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

The concept of growing degree-days (GDD) is widely accepted as a tool to relate plant growth, development, and maturity to temperature. Information on GDD can be used to predict the yield and quality of several crops, flowering date of fruit trees, and insect activity related to agriculture and forestry. When GDD is expressed on a spatial basis, it helps identify the limits of geographical areas suitable for production of various crops and to evaluate areas agriculturally suitable for new or nonnative plants. The national digital climate maps (NDCM, the fine resolution, gridded climate data for climatological normal years) are not provided on a daily basis but on a monthly basis, prohibiting GDD calculation. We applied a widely used GDD estimation method based on monthly data to a part of the NDCM (for Hapcheon County) to produce the spatial GDD data for each month with three different base temperatures (0, 5, and $10^{\circ}C$). Synthetically generated daily temperatures from the NCDM were used to calculate GDD over the same area and the deviations were calculated for each month. The monthly-data based GDD was close to the reference GDD using daily data only for the case of base temperature $0^{\circ}C$. There was a consistent overestimation in GDD with other base temperatures. Hence, we estimated spatial GDD with base temperature $0^{\circ}C$ over the entire nation for the current (1971-2000, observed) and three future (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100, predicted) climatological normal years. Our estimation indicates that the annual GDD in Korea may increase by 38% in 2071-2100 compared with that in 1971-2000.