• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.516-526
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• 2003

본 실험은 한국 재배종과 재래 수집종을 포함하는 36개 보리 품종을 공시하여 비가림 플라스틱 하우스의 포장 조건에서 실시하였다 대조구는 전 생유기간에 걸쳐서 토양 수분 포텐셜이 -0.05㎫이 유지되도록 관개를 하였고, 한발 처리구는 월동 후 재생기부터 수확기까지 곤개를 하지 않았다. 한발 처리구의 토양 수분 포텐셜은 최저 -0.29㎫까지 저하하였고 처리기간 중 평균은 -0.15㎫이었다. 처리에에 따른 생장, 수량 및 수량구성요소, 잎의 상대수분함량(RWC), 삼투포텐설(OP), 삼투조정(OA), $^{13}\textrm{C}$ discrimination(A), 등의 변화를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 공시한 품종 중 한발 처리에 따른 건물 중과 수량 저하 가 작아서 한발 저항성이 강한 품종은 동보리1호. 찰보리, 창영재래, 삼도보리, 월성87-31 등이었으며, 상록보리 , 송학보리, 수원맥360 등은 한발저항성이 낮았다. 2. 건물중 및 수량의 한발피해지수(한발처리구/대조구 비)와 한발조건하 RWC와는 높은 정의 상관이, 한발조건하 OP 및 OA는 매우 높은 부의 상관관계가 있었으며, 대조구의 $\Delta$와는 유의한 정의 상관관계가 있었다. 3. OP $\Delta$ 및 RWC의 한발지수(한발처리구/대조구 비)는 건물중, 천립중 및 수량의 한발피해지수와 매우 높은 정의 상관 관계를 나타내었다. 4. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 한발 저항성이 큰 품종은 삼투 조정능력이 커서 잎의 수분함량을 높게 유지하는 특성을 가지고 있어서 한발 처리 조건에서 OP와 RWC는 보리의 한발저항성 선발지표로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 $\Delta$와 한발 저항성간의 관계에 대해서는 보다 구체적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.235-261
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라에서 주가지수선물이 처음 거래된 1996년 5월 이래 선물의 거래활동과 현물주식시장 변동성의 관계를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 선물시장 활동 정도를 보여주는 거래량 및 미결제약정수량과 현물 주식시장의 변동성 사이의 동시적 관계 및 인과관계를 규명하고, 추가적으로 주가지수선물의 만기에 따른 현물의 변동성 변화를 살펴보았다. 선물의 거래량과 미결제약정수량은 과거의 자료로부터 예측가능한 부분과 예측불가능한 부분으로 나누어 측정하였고, 현물의 변동성은 GJR-GARCH 모형으로 추정하였다. 선물거래활동과 현물의 변동성의 동시대적 관계 검증 결과, 예측가능 거래량은 예측불가능 거래활동의 일중 변동성과 매우 강한 양의 관계를 가지고 있음을 볼 수 있었다. 반면 선물 거래활동은 대체적으로 현물 변동성과 약한 음의 관계에 있거나 유의하지 않았다. 인과관계 검증 결과, 선물의 거래량이 일중 현물의 변동성을 강하게 선도하고 있는 반면, 선물의 거래량은 밤중 현물의 변동성에 의하여 강하게 선도되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이는 하루 중 거래가 진행되고 있는 동안에는 선물의 거래량 충격에 의하여 현물의 변동성이 선도되고 밤중에는 현물 변동성에 의하여 선물의 거래량 충격이 선도됨을 의미하는 것이다. 이들 사이의 충격반응 검증결과 어느 한 변수에 대한 다른 변수의 반응은 모두 양의 관계를 가지고 있다. 이를 종합해 보면 거래가 이루어지고 있는 동안에는 선물의 거래가 현물의 변동성을 증가시키고 있었고, 거래가 이루어지지 않는 밤중 사이의 현물의 변동성은 선물의 거래를 증가시키는 관계에 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 선물의 만기 부근에 현물의 변동성이 높아진다는 증거를 찾기는 어려웠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on the performance, blood metabolite parameters, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. The BF-based silage was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% cut ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial additive (on a wet basis), and ensiled for over 5 d. Fifteen steers were allocated to three diets during the growing and fattening periods (3.1 and 9.8 months, respectively): a control diet (concentrate mix and free access to rice straw), a 50% BF-based silage diet (control diet+50% of maximum BF-based silage intake), and a 100% BF-based silage diet (the same amount of concentrate mix and ad libitum BF-based silage). The BF-based silage was fed during the growing and fattening periods, and was replaced with larger particles of rice straw during the finishing period. After 19.6 months of the whole period all the steers were slaughtered. Compared with feeding rice straw, feeding BF-based silage tended (p = 0.10) to increase the average daily gain (27%) and feed efficiency (18%) of the growing steers, caused by increased voluntary feed intake. Feeding BF-based silage had little effect on serum constituents, electrolytes, enzymes, or the blood cell profiles of fattening steers, except for low serum Ca and high blood urea concentrations (p<0.05). Feeding BF-based silage did not affect cold carcass weight, yield traits such as back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area, yield index or yield grade, or quality traits such as meat color, fat color, texture, maturity, marbling score, or quality grade. However, it improved good quality grade (1+ and 1++) appearance rates (60% for the control group vs 100% for the BF-based silage-fed groups). In conclusion, cheap BF-based silage could be successfully used as a good quality roughage source for beef cattle.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Introduction: To analyze the impact of marketing losses on efficiency in transacting banana in Kurnool district of SRZ in Andhra Pradesh and to assess the opinions of the farmers on the constraints in transacting banana. Research back ground, Materials and Methods: The study relies exclusively on primary information obtained from the banana farmers of Kurnool District. Purposive sampling procedure was followed for the selection of the study area. Top two mandals in the district and top two villages in each mandal are selected in accordance with the area under cultivation of banana. Probability proportion to size was followed regarding the selection of sample farmers and accordingly 60 marginal, 37 small and 23 other farmers were selected and thereby, the total sample size was 120. Result and Discussion: Three marketing channels were identified in the marketing of banana in Kurnool district viz., Producer ${\rightarrow}$ Local-exporter ${\rightarrow}$ Wholesaler ${\rightarrow}$ Retailer ${\rightarrow}$ Consumer (Channel-I), Producer ${\rightarrow}$ Wholesaler ${\rightarrow}$ Cart-vendor ${\rightarrow}$ Consumer (Channel-II) and Producer ${\rightarrow}$ Juice-holder ${\rightarrow}$ Consumer (Channel-III). With the inclusion of marketing losses in the price spread analysis of banana in all the three channels, the marketing costs of all the intermediaries were increased and thereby, the farmer's share in consumer's rupee and Net Marketing Margins of the agencies are on the decline. So, without inclusion of marketing losses, the farmer's share in consumer's rupee and Net Marketing Margins of all the agencies are overvalued. The higher the marketing losses, the more is the negative impact on farmer's net selling price, net marketing margins of the intermediaries and marketing efficiency. The sample farmers are facing major problems in marketing of banana like frequent price fluctuations, unorganized marketing and lack of transportation facilities on priority basis. Suggestions: It is suggested to educate the farmers regarding the optimum maturity index for harvest, use of mechanical harvesters, proper placement of fruits during storage and ripening, better packaging and cushioning technologies to absorb shocks during transportation, strengthening of storage facilities and transport facilities, encourage co-operative marketing etc., to promote marketing efficiency of banana in the study area.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2019

The interactive effect of dietary fat supplementation and milk yield level on dairy cows performance under heat stress has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of production level, the source of fat supplements and their interaction on dairy cows performance under heat stress. In this study, 64 Holstein multiparous cows were divided into 2 groups and received one of two rations having either calcium salts of fatty acids (Ca-FA) or high-palmitic acid (PA) supplements (2.8% of DM; dry matter). After completing the experiment and based on maturity-equivalent milk, cows were divided into two groups of high-yielding (14,633 kg) and medium-yielding (11,616 kg). Average temperature humidity index (THI) was 71 during the trial period. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.04), organic matter (p = 0.05), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF; p = 0.04) for cows fed Ca-FA were greater than cows fed PA. The milk fat content in high-producing cows was 0.3% greater than medium-producing cows (p = 0.03). The milk protein content in cows fed Ca-FA was greater than cows fed PA (p < 0.01). High-producing cows had greater serum cholesterol (p = 0.02) than medium-producing cows. The cows fed PA tended to have a greater BUN than cows fed Ca-FA (p = 0.06). Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase tended to be increased by PA, which indicates that cows in PA treatment may have experienced more adverse effect on the liver function than cows on Ca-FA. Therefore, under heat stress and in 90 d trial, milk production level does not affect the cows' response to PA or Ca-FA. Although cows fed Ca-FA received lower energy than those fed PA, they compensated for this shortage likely with increasing the digestibility and produced a similar amount of milk.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2011

The gametogenic cycle, the spawning season and the biological minimum sizes in female and male Protothaca (Notochione) jedoensis were investigated by quantitative statistical analysis. In females, monthly changes in the percents of the follicle areas to the ovarian tissue areas and the percents of the oocyte areas to the ovarian tissue areas increased in February and reached the maximum in April, and then gradually decreased from May to July, with the spawning peak between June and July. In males, monthly changes in the percents of the testicular tissue areas to total tissue areas and the percents of the spermatogenic stage areas to the testicular tissue areas increased in February and reached the maximum in April, and then showed a rapid decrease from May to July. From these data, it is apparent that the number of spawning seasons in female and male P. (N.) jedoensis occurred once a year, from May to July. Therefore, P. (N.) jedoensis in both sexes showed a unimodal gametogenic cycle during the year. Compared the gametogenic cycle by quantitative statistical analysis in 2007 with the previous qualitative results of this species, the results of the gametogenic cycle calculated by quantitative statistical analysis showed some differentiations in the spawning seasons evaluated by the gonad index by qualitative histological analysis. The intervals of the beginning of two spawning seasons showed one month between the results of quantitative and qualitative analyses. The biological minimum sizes (considering to 50% of group sexual maturity) in female and male clams by quantitative analysis of this species are 32.01 mm in shell length in females and 30.58 mm in males, respectively. According to the mean shell length fitted to von Bertalanffy's equation, 30.58 and 32.01 mm in shell length were considered to be two years old. Therefore, we assume that both sexes of this population begin reproduction from two years of age.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2012

본 연구는 한우 암소의 산육 및 도체특성에 있어 오징어 부산물의 급여 효과를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 한우 16두(나이 7세, 체중$484.1{\pm}63.6$ kg)를 대조구 및 처리구(오징어 부산물 첨가), 등 2그룹(각각 8두)으로 완전임의 배치하였다. 사료급여는 두 그룹 모두 자유채식토록 하여 150일간 시험을 수행하였다. 일당증체량은 처리구가 대조구 보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 시험기간 내 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율은 처리구가 대조구 보다 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 육량특성에 있어서, 등지방두께, 등심단면적 및 육량지수는 두 처리구간 비슷한 경향을 나타내었고, 도체중은 처리구가 363.4 kg 대조구 353.1 kg으로 처리구간 유의적 차이는 없었다. 육질특성에서는 육색, 지방색, 조직감 및 성숙도는 두 그룹간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 그러나 근내지방도 및 육질 1등급 이상 출현율은 대조구 보다 처리구가 높았다. 그러므로 본 연구의 결과 오징어부산물의 급여는 한우 암소의 산육 및 도체특성을 향상시키는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2011

Cabbage (Baechu) Kimchi in its truncated form was placed in four different packing materials, Ny/PE/LLDP, OPP/AL/PE, PP and PET, and quality changes were observed during storage. Changes in pH and total acidity showed an x-shaped cross-curve as pH decreased and total acidity increased during storage. PP tray showed the slowest change at $5^{\circ}C$ with time. The pH was initially 6.25, but decreased to 4.12~4.16 at 20 days, and total acidity showed a 4 to 4.8-fold increase after 20 days of storage compared to the initial value. During storage at $5^{\circ}C$, total bacterial count and lactic acid bacterial count rapidly increased after 4 days. The total bacterial quantity decreased after a period of time and there were differences according to packaging material; OPP/AL/PE packaging showed the most dramatic decrease. Change in microbial count mostly followed a similar pattern to that of total acidity for all packaging materials. Changes in the color of Kimchi liquid, when examined by color index in $L{\cdot}b$/a form, rapidly decreased over time, similar to pH. Small Ny/PE/PP and OPP/AL/PE packages of Kimchi were examined for changes in free volume inside the packaging. After 13 days of storage at $5^{\circ}C$, the volume was 243 mL, but storage at $20^{\circ}C$ resulted in a volume of 372 mL, a more than 1.5-fold increase in free volume. There were changes in the quality characteristics of small package Kimchi according to storage temperature and packaging material, and large changes in pH, total acidity, and microbial count were evident upon storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 8 days, which was the optimum palatability period. Mostly, PP treatment showed the slowest quality changes upon storage at $5^{\circ}C$. However, due to small package Kimchi's fast consumption system, the appropriate choice of packaging material must consider the product's turnover ratio. Further, the varieties of small package Kimchi should be diversified according to different consumer preferences by offering Kimchi with different maturity levels. Further, since the leading consumer base ranges in age from the teens to thirties, the development of various products targeting such consumers is necessary.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2010

부산 주변해역에서 2005년 1월부터 12월까지 매월 채집된 불볼락 421 개체의 생식생태를 조사하였다. 불볼락의 체장범위는 13.8~31.8cm SL이었다. 불볼락 암컷의 생식소중량지수는 3월에 가장 높았으며 그 이후 6월까지 감소하였다. 수컷의 경우 생식소중량지수는 2월에 가장 높았으며 그 이후 감소하였다. 산란시기는 1~6월로 추정되었다. 불볼락의 암수간 성비에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다($x^2$-test, p>0.05). 불볼락 암컷의 최소성숙체장은 16.8cm였고 50% 성숙체장은 20.11 cm로 추정되었다. 모든 암컷은 25cm 이상의 성숙하였고 난경은 0.6~1.75mm의 범위를 보였다 포란수는 23,881~44,509개의 범위였고 평균 30,9377개 였다. 체장과 포란수의 관계식은 F=9.3762 SL$^{1.1662}$($R^2$=0.8120), 체중과 포란수의 관계식은 F=184.37 Ln(BW)-665.09($R^2$=0.8713)로 추정되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2004

This study was carried out to determine adequate planting date, to compare the growth characteristics between early and late maturing cultivars, and to provide the data for the cultivation techniques of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in double cropping system with winter crops on paddy field in Korea. Cultivars were planted on 26 May, 16 June, and 7 July with a planting density of $70cm(row\;widtb)\;{\times}\;10cm$ (planting spacing). Seed yield of soybean planted on June 16 and July 7 was approximately $37\%\;and\;53\%$, respectively, less than that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Pungsan-namulkong, and planted on June 16 and July 7 was about $30\%\;and\;37\%$, respectively, less then that of conventional planting date of May 26 in Hanamkong. The number of pods and seeds per plant decreased as planting date delayed. Seed weight increased in Pungsan-namulkong but decreased in Hannamkong as planting date delayed. The flowering date was late in delayed planting plots, but it was shorted for days from emergence to flowering and from emergence to maturity. The plant height of Hannamkong was greater than Pungsan-namulkong from the emergence to flowering stages, but in contrast, it was greater in Pungsan-namulkong than Hannamkong after flowering stage (50d after emergence) when it planted on May 26. There were no significant differences between two soybean cultivars at planting dates of June 16 and July 7. Leaf number, leaf area, and dry matter were also reduced by late planting, and Both of them were shown in high reduction at the later planting. There was a high significant difference at the flowering $(r\;=\;0.87^{**})$ and pod formation $(r\;=\;0.91^{**})$ stages between leaf dry matter and seed yield. Crop growth rate (CGR) was greater at $R2\~R3$ growth stages compared to $R3\~R4\;or\;R4\~R5$ growth stages in two soybean cultivars and the greatest CGR was obtained at planting date of May 26 in two soybean cultivars except for R4-R5 growth stage in Pungsan-namulkong. There was a highly significant positive difference between the seed yield and the leaf area index (LAI) across R3 to R4 and R2 to R3 stages. The photosynthetic rate $(P_N)$ of the uppermost leaf position had no significant difference among planting dates and between two soybean cultivars. However, $P_N$ of the $7^{th}$ leaf position increased as the planting date delayed.