• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2022

The study aims to examine population indices of mature trees in Jebel Elgarrie forest, Blue Nile State, Sudan. We used remote sensing techniques to stratify the forest into vegetation classes depending on tree density. We distributed 97 circular sample plots (0.1 ha) proportionally to the area of the vegetation classes. In each sample plot we identified, counted and recorded all mature trees (DBH ≥10 cm). We calculated frequency, density, abundance, richness, evenness and diversity for each species and we drew abundance rank curve of mature trees. We used One-Way ANOVA to test for differences (α=0.05) in mean density (No./ha) of mature trees between vegetation classes. Results revealed that the forest was conveniently sub-divided into high density (C1), medium density (C2), low density (C3) and bare farm land (C4) classes. We identified fifteen tree species that belong to 10 families and 14 genera. Combretaceae and Fabaceae were the common families while Anogeissus leiocarpa was the most frequently occurring species. While species diversity varied between vegetation classes, diversity of the forest as a whole is low. While mean density of mature trees in C1, C2, C3 and C4 it was 100, 74, 10, and 0, respectively, it was 54 for the whole forest indicating low stocking, Following One-Way ANOVA, multiple comparisons revealed significant differences in mean density of mature trees between C1 & C3 and C2 & C3. The study provided empirical results on population indices of mature tree species, which would be of importance for successful management and conservation of the forest.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2002

히어리나무 1년생 및 10년생을 재료로 액아배양을 통한 기내번식을 시험하였다. 줄기의 증식은 zeatin과 BA의 공조처리가 효과적이었으며 MS배지에 zeatin 0.5∼3.0 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L BA 처리시 주효하였다. 1년생이 10년생보다 전반적으로 증식 및 생장이 양호하였으며, 배양 6개월 후에는 10년생에서도 매월 절편 당 3개의 줄기유도가 가능하였다. 기내 줄기의 발근은 1년생은 97%, 10년생은 62%를 나타내었고, 토양이식시 1 년생 유래 배양묘는 67%, 10년생은 48%생존되어 모수령에 따른 차이를 나타냈다. 본 실험결과 히어리나무의 액아배양으로 유시, 성숙목의 대량번식이 가능함을 보여주었으나 선발개체의 효율적인 기내번식을 위해서는 재유령화의 기술개발과 토양순화율을 증진시켜야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.338-349
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• 2022

다양한 수종의 묘목을 고밀도로 심는 모듈군락식재가 기존의 성목식재보다 자연림 복원 효과성이 뛰어난지 알고자 야외 실험을 했다. 또 모듈군락식재의 식재밀도 차이에 따라 생장이 촉진되는지, 또 식피율이 높아지는지를 알아보았다. 큰나무를 넓게 띄어 심는 성목식재구(대조구)와 다종의 묘목을 고밀도로 심는 모듈군락식재구(처리구)로 구분했고, 다시 식재밀도에 따른 3주/m²와 1주/m² 모듈군락식재구로 나눠 실험을 설계했다. 2019년 5월부터 26개월간 공시재료의 생존율, 생장량(수고, 수관폭, 근원직경), 식피율을 측정했고, 측정 수고값을 활용하여 장래 수고생장을 예측했다. 모듈군락식재구의 생존율과 상대생장량이 성목식재구보다 높았다. 모듈군락식재구의 식피율은 23개월 이전에 지표면을 완전히 덮었지만, 성목식재구는 이식스트레스로 인해 오히려 식피율이 낮아졌다. 고밀도로 심은 모듈군락식재구의 묘목이 자라서 식재 후 5~6.5년 만에 성목식재구보다 더 높이 자랄 것으로 예측됐다. 이런 결과를 이끈 원인은 다종(多種)·묘목·고밀도 식재와 토양개량·멀칭 등의 식재기반 개선 때문이라 본다. 즉, 모듈군락식재구에 심은 묘목은 큰나무를 심은 성목식재구보다 식재 후 환경 적응력이 뛰어나 생존율이 높고, 초기 생장량이 많았을 것이다. 다양한 자생수종의 고밀도 혼식은 상호보완적 환경압을 완화하는 동시에 개체간 경쟁을 유발해 생장 촉진을 이끌었다. 더불어, 식재기반 개선은 묘목의 활착율 상승과 생장량 증가에 유효했다고 본다. 식재밀도가 높을수록 식피율이 급격히 늘어나, 제초 등의 사후관리비 절감 효과가 있을 것이다. 모듈군락식재구(3주/m², 1주/m²)의 식재밀도가 높았을 때 수고생장이 촉진되었고, 수관폭·근원직경은 식재밀도가 낮았을 때 높아지는 경향을 보였지만, 통계적 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2024

Persimmon wood (Diospyros kaki) is a seasonal fruit-producing plant with a beautiful dark pattern in its wood that is suitable for high-quality furniture, sculptures and musical instruments. The utilization of persimmon wood can be improved by determining its anatomical characteristics, such as juvenile and mature wood. This study aimed to determine the boundaries between juvenile and mature wood and observe the anatomical properties of juvenile and mature wood and their variations in the axial direction. Three 30-year-old persimmon (D. kaki) trees grown in Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia, were used in this study. The boundary between juvenile and mature wood was determined by measuring the fiber length and vessel element length from near the pith to near the bark. Anatomical observations were conducted in the juvenile and mature wood areas. The results showed that the average boundaries between juvenile and mature wood were 44.11 mm from the pith and were not significantly different in the axial direction of the trees. Furthermore, the wood anatomy categories of juvenile and mature wood differed significantly in terms of fiber diameter, fiber proportion, vessel proportion, and axial parenchyma proportion. In the axial direction, vessel diameter, ray parenchyma frequency, and ray parenchyma proportion at the base, middle, and top of the tree were significantly different.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.189-201
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• 1995

In order to clarify regeneration processes and mechanisms of the disturbed Pinus densiflora forest, responses of Pinus densiflora to gap formed by disturbance were analysed by growth of saplings and mature and growth equations were obtained from branch growth of mature trees and height growth of saplings, and age distribution of saplings and young trees recruited within gap was analysed in relation to gap age. Height growth of saplings within gaps was accelerated after gap formation. Such abrupt increases of growth of saplings after the gap formation might be resulted in the difference of growth of saplings between gap and non-gap areas. In fact, height and diameter of saplings in the central part of gap were larger than those of saplings in marginal parts of gap and non-gap area. However, density of saplings was not different in both parts. In addition, growth of annual rings of mature trees bordering on gap also increased after gap formation. Branch growth of mature trees bodering on gap was 6.3 - 6.5 cm /year and the mean radius of gaps created by death of only one canopy tree was about 3 m. Therefore, for those gaps to be closed by branch growth it will take 46 years. Growth of saplings within gap showed exponential equation. Fifty years will be required for the saplings to enter the forest canopy by the exponential growth equation. Therefore, gap created by only one tree might be closed by branch growth of surrounding canopy trees in advance of being done by height growth of saplings. But gaps created by death of trees more than 2 will be closed by the growth of saplings. Among the regenerating saplings and young trees within gaps, individuals established in advance of gap formation were more than those established after the gap formation. From these results, it was assumed that the disturbed Pinus densiflora forests in these sites were regenerated by height growth of saplings recruited in advance of gap formation.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.194-206
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• 1998

In 1977, Local governments' planting regulations for the development projects were established in accordance with the revised building law in Korea. A landscaped area, planting densities of trees and shrubs, a percentage of evergreen plants, minimum tree size and species were prescribed in the planting regulations. But the clauses for an excessive planting density and a high ratio of evergreen trees that the regulations includes, have been gradually in the way to a creative planting design, and raise a problem of poor growth of trees an a disordered planting landscape. Therefore, in this study the present planting regulations of 124 local governments throughout the country were analyzed and compared with 13 foreign local governments' of 4 countries ; Japan, the United States of America, Canada and Singapore. And the linitations and characteristics of the regulations are drawn as follows ; 1. The regulations focus on controlling the green spaces and plantings by quantitative methods such as controlling the number of trees and the landscaped area, which are inadequate for estimating the crown coverage of mature trees, and which areinadequate for estimating the crown coverage of mature trees, and implementing the function of polantings and the use of green spaces. 2. Minimums of tree densities are higher than those of foreign countries, especially higher about 10 times to 100 times than those of the United States of America. 3.Excessive number of evergreen trees and fruit trees should be planted under the present planting regulations, that results in constricting the creativity in planting design. 4. An article for using specific tree size, 2.0ms over in height makes it difficult to use a wide variety of different sizes of trees. And there is no incentive measures when larger trees are planted. To enhance the quality of green spaces and plantings, it is needed that the function and locating of green spaces and plantings have to be emphasized, and the planting density should be concerned about the mature tree size. The incentive measure to use various sizes of trees is also needed, and the regulations to use excessive number of evergreen trees or fruit trees should be loosened.

• 식물병과 농업
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.26-28
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• 1995

Anthracnose of tea tree, Camellia sinensis, occurred severely at tea plantation of Boseung, Chonnam. Irregular, dark brown spots appeared on tips and margins of mature leaves in early stage. As the disease progresses, the lesions were covered with numerous, small, black, slightly raised pustules (acervuli). The causal fungus of anthracnose was identified as Colletotrichum theae-sinensis (Miyake) Yamamoto. Symptoms by C. theae-sinensis appeared around 20 days after artificial inoculation.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.868-876
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• 2005

Silk fabrics were dyed with yellow natural materials. Gardenia, turmeric, amur cork tree, safflower, Japanese pagoda tree, and onion were used as natural materials. Color image of natural dyed silk fabrics was classified by 4 factors(Cheerfulness, Comfortness, Pastrol, Revealation). Cheerfulness factor affected significantly with color image. Amur cork tree or turmeric dyed fabrics were shown as light and cute, safflower or gardenia dyed fabric shown as comfort, and onion dyed fabrics shown as mature and simple. Color image with specialty was significant difference in Preference and Revelation factor. Preference was appeared as amur cork tree>turmeric>gardenia>safflower>Japanese pagoda tree>onion.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-21
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• 1990

Without scientific understanding of the phase change and the rejuvenation in woody perennials, many tree breeders have successfully rejuvenated and multiplied mature trees of some tree species, i.e., Eucalyptus, Pseudotsuga menziesii Sequoia sempervirens, Pinus radiata, Pinus pinaster, Quercus virginiana, Hedera helix, Juglans, apples, grapes, and so on. Practical techniques discussed to rejuvenate the old trees include grafting to younger stock, growth regulator treatment, pruning, repeated cutting, and in vitro culture. However, a combination of skills mentioned is recommended for rejuvenation of the mature propagation material. It is strongly required to develop a morphological and/or biochemical indicator system to judge the juvenility.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권4호
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• pp.543-548
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• 2015

단목모수, 군상모수, 군상개벌, 대상개벌 등의 천연갱신 방법이 적용된 소나무림의 nSSR 유전변이를 조사하였다. 작업(벌채) 전 성목과 작업 후 임내에서 자연 발생한 1년생 치수들의 유전다양성을 비교한 결과 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며(성목: A=13.4; $A_e$=4.3; $H_o$=0.596; $H_e$=0.598, 치수: A=13.6; $A_e$=4.3; $H_o$=0.571; $H_e$=0.597), 각각의 작업종에서도 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 성목과 치수의 유전분화 정도는 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났으며($F_{ST}$=0.002), 각 작업종별 유전분화 정도 역시 낮은 값($$F_{ST}{\leq_-}0.01$$)을 보여 작업 전, 후 임분의 유전구조 변화는 크지 않은 것으로 추정되었다. 결과적으로 본 연구가 수행된 소나무 임분의 경우 유전다양성과 유전적 조성 변화에 미치는 천연갱신 작업종의 효과가 두드러지지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 천연갱신 작업종이 유전변화에 미치는 영향을 보다 정확하게 평가하기 위해서는 작업 후 남겨진 개체(모수)의 교배로부터 발생한 치수들의 시계열적 유전변이와 유전구조 변화를 지속적으로 추정할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다.