• 제목/요약/키워드: matrix type CRC

검색결과 4건 처리시간 0.02초

DDR4/GDDR5에서 고속동작을 위한 matrix형 CRC 및 XOR/XNOR (Matrix type CRC and XOR/XNOR for high-speed operation in DDR4 and GDDR5)

  • 이중호
    • 전자공학회논문지
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    • 제50권8호
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    • pp.136-142
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    • 2013
  • DDR4와 같은 고속동작을 위한 메모리 제품에서, 데이타의 신뢰도 증가를 위해 CRC 기능이 추가되었다. 기존의 CRC 방식은 많은 부가회로 면적과 지연시간이 요구되기 때문에 고속동작의 메모리 제품에서 CRC 계산을 위한 내부 타이밍 마진의 부족현상이 증가한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결할 수 있도록 matrix형 CRC 방법을 제시하고 CRC 계산을 빠르게 할 수 있는 XOR/XNOR 게이트를 제시하였다. matrix형 CRC는 모든 홀수 비트오류를 검출 가능하며, 4의 배수비트 오류를 제외한 짝수비트오류도 검출가능하다. 또한 단일오류(single error)에 대해서는 오류 정정이 가능하여 메모리 제품과 시스템간의 CRC 오류로 인한 데이터 재 전송의 부하를 감소시킬 수 있다. 또한 기존 방식대비 부가회로면적을 57% 개선할 수 있다. 제안한 XOR/XNOR는 6개의 TR.(트랜지스터)로 구성하였으며, 기존의 CRC 대비 35%의 면적 오버헤드를 감소시킬 수 있으며, 50%의 게이트 지연을 감소시킬 수 있다.

고속 SDRAM에서 실시간 Matrix형 CRC (Real-time Matrix type CRC in High-Speed SDRAM)

  • 이중호
    • 전기전자학회논문지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.509-516
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    • 2014
  • 고속동작용 반도체 메모리 제품에 추가된 CRC는 DDR4와 같은 제품에서 데이타의 신뢰도를 증가시킨다. 기존의 CRC 방식은 부가회로 면적이 커고 많은 지연시간이 발생되어, CRC 계산을 위한 내부 타이밍 마진의 부족을 유발한다. 따라서 메모리 제품 설계에서 데이터 입출력 설계에 심각한 문제를 유발한다. 본 논문에서는 오류검출 회로설계를 위한 CRC 코드 방식을 제시하고, 실시간 matrix형 CRC 방법을 제안하였다. 데이터 비트오류 발생시 오류여부를 실시간으로 시스템에 피드백(feedback) 가능하도록 하였다. 제안한 방식은 기존방식(XOR 6단, ATM-8 HEC코드)대비 부가회로 면적을 60% 개선할 수 있으며, XOR 단 지연시간을 33%개선 할 수 있다. 또한 실시간 에러 검출 방식은 전체 데이터 비트(UI0~UI9)에 대해 평균 50% 이상 오류 검출 속도를 향상시켰다.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (-1306 C>T) Promoter Polymorphism and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Saudi Population

  • Saeed, Hesham Mahmoud;Alanazi, Mohammad Saud;Parine, Narasimha Reddy;Shaik, Jilani;Semlali, Abdelhabib;Alharbi, Othman;Azzam, Nahla;Aljebreen, Abdulrahman;Almadi, Majid;Shalaby, Manal Aly
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권10호
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    • pp.6025-6030
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    • 2013
  • Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is an enzyme with proteolytic activity against matrix proteins, particularly basement membrane constituents. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at -1306, which disrupts a Sp1-type promoter site (CCACC box), results in strikingly lower promoter activity with the T allele. In the present study, we investigated whether this MMP-2 genetic polymorphism might be associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Saudi population. We also analyzed MMP-2 gene expression level sin CRC patients and 4 different cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: TaqMan allele discrimination assays and DNA sequencing techniques were used to investigate the $C^{-1306}T$ SNP in the MMP-2 gene of Saudi colorectal cancer patients and controls. The MMP-2 gene expression level was also determined in 12 colon cancer tissue samples collected from unrelated patients and histologically normal tissues distant from tumor margins. Results and Conclusions: The MMP-2 $C^{-1306}T$ SNP in the promoter region was associated with CRC in our Saudi population and the MMP-2 gene expression level was found to be 10 times higher in CRC patients. The MMP-2 $C^{-1306}T$ SNP is significantly associated with CRC in the Saudi population and this finding suggested that MMP-2 variants might help predict CRC progression risk among Saudis. We propose that analysis of this gene polymorphism could assist in identification of patient subgroups at risk of a poor disease outcome.

Treatment of multiple gingival recessions with xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix compared to connective tissue graft: a randomized split-mouth clinical trial

  • Vincent-Bugnas, Severine;Laurent, Jonathan;Naman, Eve;Charbit, Mathieu;Borie, Gwenael
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제51권2호
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    • pp.77-87
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the tunnel technique for root coverage using a new xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix vs. connective tissue grafting (CTG) for the treatment of multiple maxillary adjacent recessions (recession type 1) at 12 months postoperatively. Methods: This study enrolled 12 patients with at least 3 contiguous, bilateral, symmetrical maxillary gingival recessions (i.e., at least 6 recessions per patient). In total, 74 recessions were treated using the modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) technique combined with a novel porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix (PADM) at 37 test sites or CTG at 37 control sites. The following clinical parameters were measured: recession height, clinical attachment level, width of keratinized tissue, probing depth, recession width, gingival thickness, mean root coverage (MRC), and complete root coverage (CRC). Comparisons between test and control groups were made for pain visual analog scale scores at 14 days. Results: At 12 months, the MCAT with PADM (test) yielded a statistically significant improvement in all clinical parameters studied. MRC was significantly higher on the control sides (80.6%±23.7%) than on the test sides (68.8%±23.4%). Similarly, CRC was 48.7%±6.8% on the control sides (CTG), in contrast to 24.3%±8.2% on the test sides (PADM). Statistically significant differences were observed in favor of the control sides for all clinical parameters studied. Nevertheless, the MCAT in adjunction with PADM was clearly superior at reducing mean and maximum patient-reported postoperative pain intensity and pain duration in the first week after surgery. Conclusions: The use of PADM to treat multiple recessions improved clinical parameters at 12 months, but these outcomes were nevertheless poorer than those observed for CTG. However, PADM reduced morbidity, particularly the pain experienced by patients.