• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2017

A huge number of chemicals are produced and used in the world, and some of them can have negative effects on the reproductive health of workers. To date, most chemicals and work environments have not been studied for their potential to have damaging effects on the workers' reproductive system. Because of the lack of information, many workers may not be aware that such problems can be related to occupational exposures. Newly industrialized countries such as Republic of Korea have rapidly amassed chemicals and other toxicants that pose health hazards, especially to the reproductive systems of workers. This literature review provides an overview of peer-reviewed literature regarding the teratogenic impact and need for safe handling of chemicals. Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Search strategies were narrowed based on author expertise and 100 articles were chosen for detailed analysis. A total of 47 articles met prespecified inclusion criteria. The majority of papers contained studies that were descriptive in nature with respect to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords: "reproductive and heath or hazard and/or workplace or workers or occupations." In the absence of complete information about the safe occupational handling of chemicals in Republic of Korea (other than a material safety data sheet), this review serves as a valuable reference for identifying and remedying potential gaps in relevant regulations. The review also proposes other public health actions including hazard surveillance and primary prevention activities such as reduction, substitution, ventilation, as well as protective equipment.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the levels of exposure to organic compounds during aircraft disinfection and seat cover replacement operations. Methods: According to the working schedule, organic compounds were collected using activated carbon tubes and then analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MSD. Results: In the disinfection task, the main substances listed in the material safety data sheet (MSDS) of the disinfectant were not detected. However, 1-bromopropane, which had been used in the previous task of replacing seat covers, was detected at a level of 2.37 ppm at the measurement time. During seat cover replacement, bonding workers were exposed to 2.48 ppm on an eight-hour time-weighted average, and seat cover replacement workers were exposed to 0.22 ppm. Conclusions: It is necessary to ensure the reliability of MSDS. A work environment management system is necessary when different companies alternate working in the same place.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2015

반도체 관련 산업의 발전에 따라 반도체 제조공정에서 염산, 황산, 과산화수소, 불산, 피라니아 등과 같은 다양한 형태의 유독 가스와 화합물들이 사용되고 있고 누출 사고 역시 빈번하게 발생되고 있는 것이 사실이다. 유독 가스 누출사고 발생시 대량의 인명 피해가 발생되고 있는 것 역시 사실이다. 본 연구에서는 구미 불산 누출 사고와 같은 화학물질 누출 사고의 위험으로부터 인명을 보호하고 피해를 최소화 하기 위한 기본 해결책으로 대학에서의 MSDS 교육의 필요성에 대해 고찰하였다. 또한 GHS와 REACH 제도와 MSDS 이용의 적정성의 이해를 통해 유해 화학 물질의 노출로부터 안전을 지키는 문제에 대해 고찰하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2008

안전성 향상을 위한 노력에도 불구하고 연구실험실에서의 화재, 폭발 등 각종 사고가 지속되고 있으며, 이에 따른 인명 및 재산 손실 또한 상당한 수준에 이르고 있다. 실험실 사고는 비슷한 유형의 사고가 주기적으로 반복되는 특성을 가지고 있으며, 안전성 향상을 위한 예방적 차원의 안전관리 체계가 절실하게 요구된다. 연구실험실 종사자들은 앞으로 국가의 과학기술 발전에 이바지할 젊은 과학자들로서 국가적 관점에서 상당한 손실이 아닐 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 과거의 사고 및 연구실 안전관리에 대한 연구의 분석결과를 기반으로 연구실험실에 상존하는 잠재적 위험성 저감 및 안전성 향상을 위해 요구되는 안전관리 중점요소들을 파악하였다. 궁극적으로 근본적인 실험실 안전성 향상을 위해 실험실 안전관리 매뉴얼, 실험실과 관련한 관리 시스템, 교육관리 시스템, 화학물질관리 시스템 및 실험실 자체안전점검 시스템으로 이루어진 화학 및 화학공학 실험실에 적합한 실험실 안전관리 시스템을 제안하여 실험실의 안전성 향상을 꾀하고자 하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2007

세계적으로 GHS와 REACH의 도입으로 위험물의 위험성평가를 위한 기존의 MSDS 이용이 증가하여 MSDS의 정확도를 알아보기 위하여 n-Decanol의 인화점을 Tag closed tester, Seta-flash closed tester, Pensky-Martens closed tester, Cleveland open tester 기기를 이용하여 국내와 일본에서 각각 측정하였다. 실험은 국내와 일본에서 각각 다른 제조사에서 구입한 시약으로 인화점을 측정하였으며 인화점 값은 국내와 일본에서 유사한 값을 얻었으나 기존의 MSDS와 문헌의 인화점 값과 비교하여 차이가 크다는 것이 발견되었다. 본 연구에서는 국내와 일본에서 측정된 시험값의 타당성을 제시하고 제조업체가 MSDS를 작성할 시는 신중을 기하여 작성하여야 하며 GHS와 REACH를 위한 위험물분류시는 신뢰성 있는 기관에서 발행한 레포트를 참고로 할 것을 제시하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aims to compare the physicochemical characteristics, toxicological data with Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) of chemicals under the Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSHA) regulated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor of Korea. Methods: Information on chemicals which have OELs on physicochemical characteristics and toxicological data was collected using Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) from Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) and the Korea Information System for Chemical Safety Management(KISChem) in 2014. Statistical analyses including correlation and simple regression were performed to compare the OELs with chemical characteristics including molecular weight, boiling point, odor threshold, vapor pressure, vapor density, solubility and octanol-water partition coefficient(OWPC) and toxicological data such as median lethal dose($LD_{50}$) and median lethal concentration($LC_{50}$). Results: A total of 656 chemicals have OELs under OSHA in Korea. The numbers of chemicals which have eight-hour time weighted average(TWA) and short term exposure limits(STEL) are 618 and 190, respectively. TWA was significantly correlated with boiling point and STEL was only correlated with vapor pressure among physicochemical characteristics. Solubility and OWPC between "skin" and "no skin" substances which indicate skin penetration were not significantly different. Both $LD_{50}$ and $LC_{50}$ were correlated with TWA, while the $LC_{50}$ was not with STEL. As health indicators, health rating and Emergency Response Planning Guidelines(ERPG) rating as recommended by the National Fire Protection Association(NFPA) and American Industrial Hygiene Association(AIHA) were associated with OELs and reflect the chemical hazards. Conclusions: We found relationships between OEL and chemical information including physicochemical characteristics and toxicological data. The study has an important meaning for understanding present regulatory OELs.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2017

가연성 물질의 다양한 연소 특성 때문에 이들 물질의 안전한 사용, 취급 및 운송을 위해서는 정확한 물질 안전정보가 필수적이다. 인화점, 연소점, 폭발한계 및 최소자연발화온도(AIT)는 위험한 물질을 취급하는 화학산업과 실험실 등에서 특별한 관심을 필요로 하는 중요한 안전 매개변수이다. 본 연구에서는 화학산업에 중간제로 널리 사용되고 있는 tert-butylbenzene을 선정하였다. tert-Butylbenzene 연소특성치의 신뢰도를 고찰하기 위해서 인화점, 연소점, 최소발화온도를 측정하였고, 폭발한계는 측정된 인화점을 이용하여 계산하였다. Setaflash와 Pensky-Martens 밀폐식 장치에 의한 tert-butylbenzene의 하부인화점은 $39^{\circ}C$와 $44^{\circ}C$로 측정되었으며, Tag와 Cleveland 개방식에서는 $51^{\circ}C$와 $54^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다. 그리고 Tag와 Cleveland에 의한 연소점은 $54^{\circ}C$와 $58^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다. ASTM E659 장치를 사용하여 tert-butylbenzene 의 자연발화온도와 발화지연시간을 측정하였고, 그 결과 tert-butylbenzene의 최소자연발화온도(AIT)는 $450^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다. 또한 Setaflash에 의해 측정된 하부인화점 $39^{\circ}C$를 이용한 결과 폭발하한계는 0.68 vol%로 계산되었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate asbestos handling history of workers at automobile manufacturing plants in Korea. Methods: National regulations on asbestos and Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) database on the information of asbestos containing products were reviewed. We investigated asbestos related materials from one automobile manufacturing plant. Material safety data sheets(MSDS) collected in 2010, work environment monitoring results reported from 2000 to 2013, trade union reports and asbestos survey reports were reviewed. We also interviewed workers with long career and did walk-through survey. Results: The Ministry of Labor in Korea has permitted asbestos manufacturing since 1990. In 1997, the use of crocidolite and amosite asbestos were banned. In 2007, the Korean government announced a total ban on the manufacturing, importation and use of all kinds of asbestos, which took full effect in 2009. A total of 174 asbestos products information from KOSHA database was analyzed. Extruded cement panel for building, special brake for crane farm machinery, gasket, joint sheet and thermal insulator were produced until 2007. From automobile manufacturing plant survey, we confirmed that asbestos containing materials(ACM) such as gasket, heating induction materials have been used until 2011. Asbestos containing building materials(ACBM) such as bamlites, slate and ceiling tex were reported at 122 asbestos dismantling projects in 2014. Conclusion: Although the use of all kinds of asbestos were banned from 2009, ACMs and ACBMs installed before 2009 were still found at automobile manufacturing plant until 2011 and 2014 respectively. In particular, asbestos slates should be managed because most of slates had not been removed until 2014.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2023

Objectives: After the MSDS submission and non-disclosure review system was introduced in January 2021, there were compliance difficulties in the field. Accordingly, for the establishment of the MSDS system, the government intends to investigate what has been improved and what urgently needs to be improved in the future, and to suggest detailed improvement plans. Methods: The background and problems of urgent difficulties in the field handling chemicals were investigated, and realistic improvement plans were derived through review of other laws related to the MSDS system and overseas cases. Results: In order to guarantee the safety of the public while at the same time promoting corporate R&D, it is necessary to alleviate the non-disclosure screening system for chemical substances for R&D, and to improve the irrationality of failing to implement the non-disclosure screening system due to information on unclassified substances being circulated. For this reason, it seems necessary to ease the requirement to submit all ingredients. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen punishment to raise awareness so that health problems do not occur due to the harmfulness and danger of hidden substances among workers who handle chemical substances and downstream users due to false descriptions in MSDS. Conclusions: All members of our society, including chemical manufacturers/importers and handling companies, academia, civil society, and the government, each subject of chemicals, should take an interest in the entire process from production to disposal of chemicals and work together to prevent harm to the public.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2017

An electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber reduces the possibility of radar detection by minimizing the radar cross section (RCS) of structures. In this study, a radar absorbing structure (RAS) was applied to the leading edge of a blended wing body aircraft to reduce RCS in X-band (8.2~12.4GHz) radar. The RAS was composed of a periodic pattern resistive sheet with conductive lossy material and glass-fiber/epoxy composite as a spacer. The applied RAS is a multifunctional composite structure which has both electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing ability and load-bearing ability. A two dimensional unit absorber was designed first in a flat-plate shape, and then the fabricated leading edge structure incorporating the above RAS was investigated, using simulated and free-space measured reflection loss data from the flat-plate absorber. The leading edge was implemented on the aircraft, and its RCS was measured with respect to various azimuth angles in both polarizations (VV and HH). The RCS reduction effect of the RAS was evaluated in comparison with a leading edge of carbon fabric reinforced plastics (CFRP). The designed leading edge structure was examined through static structural analysis for various aircraft load cases to check structural integrity in terms of margin of safety. The mechanical and structural characteristics of CFRP, RAS and CFRP with RAM structures were also discussed in terms of their weight.