• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1619-1619
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• 2001

Ourwork aims to assess the content of dry matter, protein, cell wall parameters and water soluble carbohydrates in forages without having to handle samples, transport them to a laboratory, dry, grind and chemically analyze them. for this purpose, the concept of fresh forage analysis under field conditions by means of compact integrated NIRS InGaAs-diode array instruments on small plot harvesters is being evaluated for plant breeding trials. This work was performed with the world first commercial experimental forage plot harvester equipped with a NIRS module for the collection, compression, and scanning of forage samples (including automatic referencing and dark current measure ments). It was used for harvesting and analyzing a number of typical forage grass and forage legume plot trials. After NIRS measurements in the field each sample was again analyzed in the laboratory by means of a conventional grating spectrometer equipped with Si-and PbS-detectors. Conventional laboratory analysis of the samples was restricted to dry matter (DM) content by means of oven drying at 105. Routine chemometric procedures were then employed to assess the comparative accuracy and precision of the DM assessments in the spectral range between 950 and 1650nm by the NIRS diode array as well as by the conventional NIRS scanning instrument. The results of this study confirmed that the type of NIRS diode array instrument employed here functioned well even in rugged field operations. further refinements proved to be necessary for optimizing the automatic filling of the sample compartment to adjust for the wide variation in forage material under conditions of extremely low or high harvest yields. The error achieved in calibrating the apparatus for forages of typical DM content proved to be satisfactory (SECV < 1.0). Possibly as a consequence of higher sampling errors, its performance in atypical forages with elevated DM contents was less satisfactory. The error level obtained on the conventional grating NIR spectrometer was similar to that of the diode array instrument for both types of forage.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

This study was performed to DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, tyrosinase inhibition activity and intracellular melanin synthesis inhibition to verify the whitening effect of Fagopyrum tataricum (bitter buckwheat) extract as contrasted with Fagopyrum esculentum (sweet buckwheat) extract. F. tataricum extract in consequence showed higher antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin synthesis inhibition compared with F. esculentum extract. We investigated skin bright value during 8 weeks after induction of pigmentation in human skin from UV irradiation. In result, we obtained statistically a significant skin whitening effect from visual and mechanical evaluation. Accordingly, F. tataricum extract is expected to be high availability as functional cosmetic material for skin whitening.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.286-318
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• 1992

The objective of preventive dentistry is the maintenance of a healthy dentition for the life of a patient. Unfortunately, if an individual has not received the benefit of a comprehensive program of preventive dentistry and has finally reached the edentulous state, as a consequence, he receives a set of complete denture. Dentures are mechanical devices and subject to the principles of mechanics. In some cases, the general health and nutritional status of the patient are felt to be the causative factors. But, the most important thing in residual ridge resorption is felt to be caused by the unequal distribution of functional forces. This study was to analyze mandibular stresses of complete denture occlusion by three dimensional finite element method. The results were as follows ; 1. As deformation and stress distribution of the complete denture of the mandible were concentrated on the upper lingual side of the mandible, alveolar ridge resorption of the mandible occurred from lingual side to labio-buccal side. 2. Analyzing by three dimensional F. E. M., the mandible is a very effective form for tolerating stress and deformation biomechanically. 3. According to the concentration of stress distibution in the upper buccal side of the lower posteriors, buccal shelf area must be a primary stress bearing area in the lower complete denture. 4. Lower complete denture moved horizontally to the balancing side under lateral occlusal force. 5. Bilateral balanced occlusion should be constructed in the complete denture for denture stability, especially in the protrusive movement. 6. Physical property of the denture base material was as important for stress distribution in the denture base as or even more than that in the mandible. 7. Impression technique is very important because of most of stress was concentrated between them due to close contact of the mandible and the denture base.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.12 no.1 s.34
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• pp.65-71
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• 2005

At present, Electronic industries push ahead to eliminate the Pb(Lead) -a hazardous material-from all products. Especially, we have performed to select the optimum standard composition of lead free alloy for the application to products for about 3 years from 2000. These days, we have the chance for applying to the mass-production. This project constructed the system for applying the lead free solders on consumer electronic products, which is one of the major products of the LG Electronics. To select the lead free solders with corresponding to the product features, we have passed through the test and applied with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu alloy system to our products, and for the application to the high melting temperature composition, we secured the thermal resistance of the many parts and substrate and optimized the processing conditions. We have operated the temperature cycling test and the high temperature storage test under the standards to confirm the reliability of the products. On these samples, we considered the consequence of our decision by the operating test. For the long life time of the product, we have operated the temperature cycling test at $-45^{\circ}C\;-\;+125^{\circ}C$, 1 cycle/hour, 1000 cycles. Also we have tested the tin whisker growth about lead free plating on lead finish. We have analyzed with the SEM, EDS and any other equipment for confirming the failure mode at the joint and the tin whisker growth on lead free finish.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.313-319
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• 2017

In this paper, we present a design technique that miniaturises the DC-DC converter, a key component in the electric vehicle system, using the advanced material (Ga-N HEMT) in the LLC resonant converter and freely changes the resonant frequency. This design is also proposed to improve the efficiency and temperature characteristics by adding SR Topology in the secondary side output during the operation of power supply. In this experiment, as a consequence of the constructed circuit with the operation of high switching frequency of 200 kHz, the size of LLC and PFC was able to be minimised by 40[%]. Thus, the characteristics of operating temperature demonstrated $60-65^{\circ}C$ without a heat sink, when the temperature was measured at 250W (12V/20A). The features were all due to the advantages of the change of switching frequency, switching circuits implementation, and the maximisation of switching frequency. Based on these design results, we would like to implement more than 1 [kW].

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2012

Since vertical flame spread speed on exterior materials is much faster than horizontal fire, analysis of its fire characteristic is required. For the study of vertical fire pattern created by penetrating windows or openings from the exterior wall of buildings, the research is based on the fire simulation for an aluminum-complex-panel with which is commonly used as exterior materials and consists of polyethylene core material. As a result, the flame reaches the 2nd floor after 135 seconds in the early stage of fire, the 10the floor after 470 seconds and the 30th floor, the highest floor, after 711 seconds. The result shows that fire spread abruptly expands on upper floor due to stack effect of a turbulent flow or exterior materials. In consequence, we can confirm a serious problem that a conflagration of a building through an opening that is equipped with the exterior-materials spreads into interior of building at that same time.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.320-330
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• 2005

Purpose: This is for analyzing the recent citations from papers enrolled in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing and understanding correct marking of references. Method: Targeted 2,334 references in 93 articles introduced from Feb. 2002 to Dec. 2002 which are applied current contribution rules of the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. Result: 1. 25 references are quoted per article and particularly foreign journals are most frequently quoted. Among foreign journals, Nursing Research is most frequently used. The Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing is also mostly referred material among national journals. 2. The retrieval rate is prove to be 1,539(83.8%) and 267(11.7%) are without errors and the other 2,022 have at least more than one error regardless of frequency. 3. Major error rate of periodical publication is 484(36.8%) and most occurred in the inconsistency of titles between articles and references. 4. Foreign journals have much more errors than national ones concerning periodical publications. Conclusion: Correct citation and marking of references can be achieved through strict reviewing process by authors, editors, publishers and paper investigators. In consequence, it is expected that these processes can cause improvement of quality in impact factor and papers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.897-904
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• 2006

The eastern coast of northeastern Brazil (NEB), a coastal land-strip up to 300 km wide and stretching out from Rio Grande do Norte $(5^{\circ}S)$ State down to the south of Bahia State $(17^{\circ}S)$, experiences different rain producing systems, such as distrubances in the south-east trade winds, frontal systems penetration, land-sea breeze circulation and local convection associated with the topography and moisture flux convergence. The annual total rainfall ranges from 600 inland to 3000 mm on the coast. Rainfall totals 5 to 12 times the focal climatic means were recorded in various regions of Alagoas state in January 2004. It was estimated that 46,000 people were homeless, with material damages exceeding US$10 million as a consequence of the ensuing floods. GOES infrared images analysis showed that the main weather system responsible for this anomalously high rainfall totals was an Upper Troposphere Cyclonic Vortex (UTCV), which formed at about a $27^{\underline{\circ}}W\;e\;12^{\underline{\circ}}S$ and remained active for the entire month of January over NEB.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14
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• pp.193-207
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• 1996

Until recently, ind ustrial designers designed the product packaging of Eletronic Media, and userInterface designers focused primarily on software design, But as computer related technology continues to evolve, this distinction has become ambiguous, As a natural consequence of these trends, industrial designers are getting more involved in user-interface design to develop interactive objects, Moreover, In the future, the whole Information of a product whIch means product packaging, marketing, training matenals, support as weIl as hardware and software will be regarded as a product, and user's entIre expenences including the material elements of product will be taken for the factors of user interface to expand the category of user interface design. The importance of interface design and its applications within industrial design has been stressed in the recent years, However researches on practical process in interface design developments have been rarely established. This paper aims to develop the interaction design process for the useful user-interface design by theoretical study and actual analysis of user-interface design.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.2101-2108
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• 2008

Most of train fires which occur in usual cases do not grow up significantly on a large scale enough to bring about casualties and harmful damages. However, the consequence of some train fire accidents can be devastating disaster so that it would be even recorded in history in unusual cases. Accordingly, such a probability of fire disaster cannot be ignored in aspect of the railway safety assesment. A scale of injury and damage is very difficult to predict and analyze. Because it is depend on various factors, i.e. fire load, burning period, facilities, environment condition, and so on. Thus, a prediction of fire load could be understood as a one methodology to estimate railway safety assesment. The summation method which is one of them is used to evaluate the overall fire load by assuming that sum of heat release rate per unit area or mass of each composite material equals the total. However, since the train fire is classified into a compartment fire in under-ventilation condition. The summation method do not estimate a fire load completely. In this journal, Various methods to predict fire load are introduced and evaluated. Especially the fire simulation tool FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)which is based on the CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) is introduced, too. Through the FDS simulation, numerical analyses for the fire load and flame spread are performed. Then, these results of the simulation are validated through the comparison study with the experimental data. Then, limitations and approximations including in simulation process are discussed. The future direction of research is proposed.