• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.242-252
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• 2018

Purpose: Surgical resection for gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with significant post-operative morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of sarcopenia in patients undergoing resection for gastric adenocarcinoma with respect to post-operative morbidity and survival. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection for gastric adenocarcinoma between 2008 and 2014. Patient demographics, radiological parameters, and pathological data were collected. OsiriX software (Pixmeo) was used to measure skeletal muscle area, which was normalized for height to calculate skeletal muscle index. Results: A total of 56 patients (41 male, 15 female; mean age, $68.4{\pm}11.9years$) met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 36% (20 of 56) of the patients were sarcopenic pre-operatively. Both sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patient groups were equally matched with the exception of weight and body mass index (P=0.036 and 0.001, respectively). Sarcopenia was associated with a decreased overall survival (log-rank P=0.003) and was an adverse prognostic predictor of overall survival in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 10.915; P=0.001). Sarcopenia was a predictor of serious in-hospital complications in multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 3.508; P=0.042). Conclusions: In patients undergoing curative resection for gastric cancer, there was a statistically significant association between sarcopenia and both decreased overall survival and serious post-operative complications. The measurement and reporting of skeletal muscle index on pre-operative computed tomography should be considered.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.58-61
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 은행잎에 존재하는 생리활성 물질이 추출용매와 추출조건에 따른 D. pteronyssinus에 대한 살충 실험을 통해 최적 추출 조건을 확립하였다. 은행잎 성분 중 bilobalide가 D. pteronyssinus에 살충효과가 있음을 검증하였으며, 다양한 은행잎 추출조건에 따른 살충실험을 한 결과 48시간 이후 약 68%$\sim$80%의 치사율을 보였다. 종합적으로 판단해 볼 때 경제성과 치사율을 고려하면 80$^{\circ}C$에서 온수추출물 (GLW80)이 가장 최적추출 조건이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.603-610
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• 2014

We investigated a nematode infection in the epithelial tissue of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli cultured in Cheonsu Bay, western Korea, from May 2013 to April 2014. Nematodes infected the epithelial tissues of various external organs, including the fins, operculum, nares, mouth, and head. Over a 1-year period, the overall nematode infection rate in rockfish was 55% (n=89/163): 56.7% (n=17/30) in May 2013, 88% (n=29/33) in August 2013, 0% (n=0/30) in October 2013, 70% (n=21/30) in January 2014, and 55% (n=22/40) in April 2014. During this study, the only mass mortality of cultured rockfish in Cheonsu Bay was in August 2013, when we identified skin wounds on the rockfish caused by the nematodes escaping from their hosts. During this period, the accumulated mortality for 2 weeks was 1.4-22.4% in different farms. In addition, several pathogenic bacteria (Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio spp., and Streptococcus iniae) were isolated from the moribund rockfish; these were thought to be transmitted through the skin wounds caused by the nematodes.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2014

Purpose: The prevalence of gastric cancer in the elderly is increasing. The purpose of this study was to clarify factors related to morbidity following gastric cancer surgery in elderly patients. Materials and Methods: For this study, data from 411 patients who underwent curative gastrectomies with lymph node dissections between March 2010 and January 2013 were retrospectively studied using a prospectively designed database. Patients were divided into 2 groups (<70 years vs. ${\geq}70$ years). For each group, perioperative factors were analyzed to determine if they were associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Results: Comorbidities were more prevalent in the elderly group (${\geq}70$ years). Intraoperative and postoperative transfusions were also more frequently required in the elderly group. There was no significant difference in the number of retrieved lymph nodes between the 2 groups (44.3 vs. 46.6 nodes). In a comparison of the elderly versus non-elderly groups, the postoperative morbidity rates were 22.7% versus 8.9% (P<0.001) and the postoperative mortality rates were 4.2% versus 0% (P=0.002), respectively. Of the possible non-surgical complications, pulmonary problems were predominately found in the elderly group (P<0.001). Surgical complications were evenly distributed between the 2 groups (P=0.463). Postoperative morbidity was significantly associated with older age and postoperative transfusion. Multivariate analysis showed that higher body mass index (BMI) and postoperative transfusion were important factors associated with postoperative complications in the elderly group. Conclusions: Pulmonary complications were frequently problematic in elderly patients. Higher BMI and postoperative transfusion were significant risk factors for postoperative complications in elderly patients with gastric cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2014

Objective : Age is a strong predictor of mortality in traumatic brain injuries. A surgical decision making is difficult especially for the elderly patients with severe head injuries. We studied so-called 'withholding a life-saving surgery' over a two year period at a university hospital. Methods : We collected data from 227 elderly patients. In 35 patients with Glasgow Coma Score 3--8, 28 patients had lesions that required operation. A life-saving surgery was withheld in 15 patients either by doctors and/or the families (Group A). Surgery was performed in 13 patients (Group B). We retrospectively examined the medical records and radiological findings of these 28 patients. We calculated the predicted probability of 6 month mortality (IPM) and 6 month unfavorable outcome (IPU) to compare the result of decision by the International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI (IMPACT) calculator. Results : Types of the mass lesion did not affect on the surgical decision making. None of the motor score 1 underwent surgery, while all patients with reactive pupils underwent surgery. Causes of injury or episodes of hypoxia/hypotension might have affected on the decision making, however, their role was not distinct. All patients in the group A died. In the group B, the outcome was unfavorable in 11 of 13 patients. Patients with high IPM or IPU were more common in group A than group B. Wrong decisions brought futile cares. Conclusion : Ethical training and developing decision-making skills are necessary including shared decision making.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2021

Objectives: Physical inactivity is the fourth leading global risk factor for mortality, followed by obesity. The combination of these risk factors is associated with non-communicable diseases, impaired physical function, and declining mental function. The World Health Organization recommends physical activity to reduce the mortality rate. Thus, this study examined the effects on anthropometric measurements of a 12-week walking program for elderly people in Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia with a 7000-step goal and weekly group walking activities. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted involving 109 elderly people with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0 kg/m². BMI, body composition, and average daily steps were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, and repeated-measures analysis of variance with the paired t-test for post-hoc analysis was conducted. Results: In total, 48 participants in the intervention group and 61 participants in the control group completed the study. A significant interaction was found between time and group. The post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention (within the intervention group). The post-intervention analysis revealed an increase in the mean number of daily steps by 3571.59, with decreases in body weight (-2.20 kg), BMI (-0.94 kg/m²), body fat percentage (-3.52%), visceral fat percentage (-1.29%) and waist circumference (-2.91 cm). Skeletal muscle percentage also showed a significant increase (1.67%). Conclusions: A 12-week walking program combining a 7000-step goals with weekly group walking activities had a significant effect on the anthropometric measurements of previously inactive and overweight/obese elderly people.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.4-8
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• 2022

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as the triad of obesity (body mass index, [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m²), daytime hypercapnia (PaCO2 ≥ 45 mm Hg), and sleep breathing disorder, after excluding other causes for hypoventilation. As the obese population increases worldwide, the prevalence of OHS is also on the rise. Patients with OHS have poor quality of life, high risk of frequent hospitalization and increased cardiopulmonary mortality. However, most patients with OHS remain undiagnosed and untreated. The diagnosis typically occurs during the 5th and 6th decades of life and frequently first diagnosed in emergency rooms as a result of acute-on-chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Due to the high mortality rate in patients with OHS who do not receive treatment or have developed respiratory failure, early recognition and effective treatment is essential for improving outcomes. Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy including continuous PAP (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is the primary management option for OHS. Changes in lifestyle, rehabilitation program, weight loss and bariatric surgery should be also considered.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.339-351
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• 2000

동해안의 주문진 연안에서 1991년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 한해성 패류인 참가리비, P. yessoensis의 지속적 생산을 위한 중간육성의 서식환경, 성장, 적정 수용밀도, 육성 적수층, 이식시기, 폐사 및 기형패 발생 등에 관한 연구가 수행되었다. 북한한류의 영향을 받는 연구해역에서 참가리비의 주서식층인 10~30m 층의 수온은 4.7~23.8$^{\circ}C$로 고수온을 보인 1994년과 1997년을 제외하고는 참가리비의 생육에 적합한 5~23$^{\circ}C$ 범위였다. 그러나 고수온과 함께 일교차가 크고 불규칙한 변동이 지속되는 시기에 나타나는 성장저하 및 폐사 현상은 수온과 일부 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. 염분은 31.5~34.5$^{o}\prime_{oo}$로 생육에 비교적 적합하였고, 투명도는 6.0~18.1m로 일반적으로 식물플랑크톤의 출현량에 따라 변화하였다. Chlorophyll-${\alpha}$의 농도는 0.04~3.51${\mu}$g/L로 빈영양 해역의 특성을 보이고 있으며, 해에 따른 변동이 크고, 특히, 여름철에 현저히 감소하는 시기에 참가리비의 폐사가 일부 나타나는 것으로 보아 수온과 함께 참가리비의 성장을 지배하는 하나의 제안인자임을 시사한다. 치패의 중간육성 이식 가능시기는 7월 중순부터 11월 초순사이로 7~8월(1차)에 고밀도로 이식한 후 9월 중순~11월 초순(2차)에 저밀도로 분산하는 것이 성장과 생존율을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 여겨진다. 중간육성채롱(square net cage 35${\times}$35cm)에 의한 치패의 적정 수용밀도는 각고 1.5~3cm 내외 크기에서 본 양성용은 30~40개체, 바닥 씨뿌림 양성용은 80~100개체가 적합하였다. 중간육성 기간 중 수층별 성장은 10~15m 층에서 좋았고, 25m 이하 층에서 느렸다. 그러나 수온변동이 크고, 고수온이 지속되는 시기에는 적정밀도로 분산하여 25m 이하 수층에서 관리하는 것이 폐사를 줄일 수 있었다. 중간육성 기간 중 치패의 일간 성장량은 0.019~0.381mm/day로 1~2월에 낮았고, 3~4월에 높았다. 특히, 수용밀도 50개체 이상으로 중간육성 시에는 여름철에 폐사할 위험성이 증가하므로 반드시 6월 이전에 낮은 밀도로 본 양성을 시작하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.513-523
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• 2017

본 연구는 섬진강 하구역에서 2017년 2월 대조기 만조와 간조, 3월 소조기 간조 동안 염분 구배에 따른 식물플랑크톤 생리활성도를 평가하였다. 또한 2월 대조기 조사에서 나타난 특이적인 pH 변화특성을 파악하기 위해 추가적인 재현실험을 병행하였다. 현장조사 결과에 의하면, 만조와 간조에 수층 혼합에 의한 수직적인 염분의 차이는 미미하였지만, 담수역으로 향할수록 염분이 낮아져 수평적인 염분구배가 뚜렷하였다. 염분과 영양염(질산염+아질산염: R=0.997, p<0.001; 규산염: R=0.979, p<0.001)과의 강한 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 이는 담수 기원의 질소와 규소의 높은 농도의 영양염류가 해수와 혼합되는 과정에서 희석되고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 반면, 인산염농도는 염분이 15 psu를 기점으로 고염분의 유역에서는 상대적으로 높은 농도가 관찰되었고, 이는 수심이 얕은 광양만의 퇴적물이 조석에 의한 수층혼합으로 재부유되어 인산염 재용출로 인해 수층에 일정량 기여하였다는 것을 의미한다. 섬진강 하구역에서 동계 2월과 3월 우점한 식물플랑크톤은 Eucampia zodiacus로 나타났고, 그들은 전체 군집의 70% 이상을 차지하였다. 특히, 3월 생물 활성도를 평가한 결과, 염분과 chlorophyll a(R=0.82)뿐만 아니라 active chlorophyll a(R=0.80)과 강한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.001). 특히 담수의 영향을 강하게 받는 상류 정점에서는 해수종 규조류가 염분충격으로 생리활성을 잃어 최대 75 % 사멸율을 기록하였다. 2월 대조기 조사에서는 상대적으로 형광값이 높은 정점에서 pH가 높게 나타났고, 이는 높은 밀도로 우점한 규조류의 광합성 작용으로 $CO_2$가 다량 흡수되어 pH 상승효과를 가져온 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 2월 현장식물플랑크톤 군집을 농축하여 저염분 환경에서 생물농도구배에 따른 pH 변화를 파악한 결과, 염분충격에 의해 사멸한 식물플랑크톤의 영향으로 광합성 활성도의 감소를 가져왔고, 우점 규조류의 사멸로 인해 박테리아가 현저하게 증식하였다. 그 결과 박테리아가 규조류를 생분해하는 과정에서 $CO_2$가 발생하여 pH 의 감소를 유발하였다. 결과적으로 섬진강하구역에서는 염분 구배에 따른 생물의 광합성 활성도의 차이와 생물사멸이 뚜렷하게 관찰되었고, 이는 pH의 증감을 유발하는 중요한 인자로 파악되었다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2018

겨울철 수온의 변동으로 우리나라 남해안 연안에 위치하고 있는 어류가두리 양식장에서 관리하고 있는 어류의 폐사가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 온대성 어류인 참돔을 대상으로 저수온 하한내성 범위 및 수온 하강에 따른 호흡률, 암모니아질소 배설률과 혈액내 산화스트레스 반응을 조사하였다. 참돔의 하한내성수온은 $6.54^{\circ}C$(95% 신뢰한계: $6.31{\sim}6.76^{\circ}C$)였다. 산소소비율은 수온 하강에 따라 감소하였으며, 하한수온에서 최저치를 나타내었다. 혈액 내 삼투질농도는 수온 $5^{\circ}C$와 $6^{\circ}C$에서 대조구에 비해 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 혈액 내 SOD는 모든 실험구 가운데 수온 $5^{\circ}C$에서 유의하게 활성 증가가 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 참돔을 양식할 수 있는 지역선정 및 겨울철 발생하는 동계 폐사원인 규명을 위한 자료로도 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.