• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2017

Turkey owns a very important cultural and historical heritage that bears the traces of thousands of years of culture and civilization. It is an inevitable duty to carry these treasuries to the future generations. In this paper, structural safety assessment and strengthening stages of one of these important historical heritages namely Amasya Taşhan was investigated in details as a case study. For this purpose, the detailed architectural projects of the structure with the information of all load carrying and structural elements were prepared. Then, the structural dynamic analyses were performed by using SAP2000. The internal forces obtained from the dynamic analyses determined the weak regions. By obtaining the information from dynamic analyses, the method of state of the art technique of application of the structure that needs structural strengthening was selected. The last step is the application of these precautions to the whole structure. At the end of this study, this study not also contains several strengthening techniques that is used in one masonry structure together but also provides a useful reference to the practicing engineers.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2015

This study compares the seismic performances of two reinforced concrete frame specimens tested by the pseudo-dynamic procedure. The pair of 3-storey, 3-bay frames specimens are constructed with typical characteristics of older construction which is lacking seismic design. One of the specimens is a bare frame while the other is infilled with low-strength autoclave aerated concrete (AAC) block masonry. The focus of this study is to investigate the influence of low strength masonry infill walls on the seismic response of older RC frames designed for gravity loads. It is found that the presence of weak infill walls considerably reduce deformations and damage in the upper stories while their influence at the critical ground story is not all that positive. Infill walls tend to localize damage at the critical story due to a peculiar frame-infill interaction, and impose larger internal force and deformation demands on the columns and beams bounding the infills. Therefore the general belief in earthquake engineering that infills develop a second line of defence against lateral forces in seismically deficient frames is nullified in case of low-strength infill walls in the presented experimental research.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.205-219
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• 2019

In Peru, construction of dwellings using confined masonry walls (CM) has a high percentage of acceptance within many sectors of the population. It is estimated that only in Lima, 80% of the constructions use CM and at least 70% of these are informal constructions. This mean that they are built without proper technical advice and generally have a high seismic vulnerability. One way to reduce this vulnerability is by reinforcing the walls. However, despite the existence of some reinforcement methods in the market, not all of them can be applied massively because there are other parameters to take into account, as economical, criteria for seismic improvement, reinforcement ratio, etc. Therefore, in this paper the feasibility of using five reinforcement techniques has been studied and compared. These reinforcements are: welded mesh (WM), glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), steel bar wire mesh (CSM), steel reinforced grout (SRG). The Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method can be useful to evaluate the most optimal strengthening technique for a fast, effective and massive use plan in Peru. The results of using MCDM with 10 criteria indicate that the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Steel Reinforced Grout (SRG) methods are the most suitable for a massive reinforcement application in Lima.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.327-336
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• 2007

Construction activities are characterized as hazardous work. Therefore, it is very imperative to explore comprehensively fatal accidents and safety performance in both developed and developing countries. The goal of this study was to look at the reasons behind fatal accidents in HCMC, Vietnam's largest city. The survey sample consists of 91 fatal accident cases in total that occurred in construction sites during the years 1996-2005 and were reported to the Department of Labor-Invalids-Social Affairs in HCMC. The study was conducted by means of field surveys with relevant individuals working in construction sites and statistical analyses. The research resulted in failing to wear/use PPE as unsafe acts and in poor safety management procedures/methods in sites as insecurely working conditions behind serious accidents in the construction. The paper stresses that accidents tended to occur more in state-owned companies than in others and involved more with masonry/welding people and workers without labor contracts than with other workers.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2019

최근 한반도에 발생하는 지진으로 인해 조적조 건물에 대한 피해가 많이 발생하고 있어 이에 대한 성능평가 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 조적조 건축은 일반적으로 습식공사로 수행되어 온도에 영향을 받기 때문에 시공의 효율성이 떨어지는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 모르타르를 사용하지 않고 콘크리트블록을 조립하여 벽체를 완성하는 건식조적공법을 제안해 보고 이를 실험과 해석연구를 통해 그 성능을 평가하고자 한다. 콘크리트블록 벽체의 성능을 평가하기 위해 건식조립벽체의 프리즘 압축강도, 직접 전단강도, 대각선 인장강도 실험을 수행하였고, ABAQUS FEM 해석을 통해 단면형상의 적정성을 검토하였다. 연구수행결과 모르타르를 사용하지 않고 콘크리트블록을 조립하는 건식 콘크리트블록 벽체의 압축강도와 대각선 인장강도가 일정 강도 이상을 발휘할 수 있음을 알 수 있었고, 특히 키블록의 H형 모듈이 전체 콘크리트블록의 전단키 역할을 하여 건식 콘크리트블록으로 전단강도 성능이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 주블록의 형상과 두께가 각각의 강도성능에 주된 영향을 주고 있어 최적형상과 제안된 건식공법의 현장시공성이나 내진성능에 대한 연구를 통해 현장에서 습식공법을 대체할 수 있는 공법으로 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.479-499
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• 2014

This paper illustrates the damages of reinforced concrete and masonry minarets during October 23 (Erciş) and November 9 (Edremit), 2011 Van earthquakes in Turkey. Erciş and Edremit are townships located 90km and 18km from Van city center in Turkey, respectively. Ground accelerations and response spectrums for these earthquakes are given in this paper. A total of 63 reinforced concrete and masonry minarets are heavily damaged or collapsed in the city center and villages nearby after both earthquakes. Because of the fact that there is no Turkish standard and specification directly related to design of minarets, nearly all of the constructions are carried out by workers using only their own technical knowledge. So, all of the non-engineering reinforced concrete and masonry minarets completely collapsed or damaged heavily. From the study, it is seen that the damages are due to several reasons such as site effect, location, and length of the fault, reduction in cross section and formation of the discontinuity, use of plain reinforcement steel, use of concrete with insufficient strength, existence of short lap splices and incorrect end hook angle, larger mass and stiffness concentrations on some region, longitudinal reinforcements discontinuity, cracks at the cylindrical body, and damage of spire and end ornament. In addition to these reasons, the two earthquakes hit the minarets within seventeen days, causing progressive damage. So, the existing design and construction practices should be improved to provide sufficient earthquake performance. Also, it is recommended that there should be a safe distance between the minaret and surrounding structures to reduce the loose of life after earthquake.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2015

조적조 건축물은 국내 소규모 주택의 많은 부분을 차지하지만 취성적 거동 및 낮은 연성능력으로 현재에는 사용빈도가 많이 낮아졌다. 그럼에도 불구하고 조적조 건축물의 낮은 건축비, 재료의 친환경성은 국외를 중심으로 새롭게 각광 받으면서 구조적 단점을 해결하고자 많은 연구가 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서는 조적벽체 및 교차부 실험체를 제작하여 신축줄눈 유 무에 따른 구조적 거동의 차이를 확인하고, 연결철물 (스틸플레이트, 스테인리스 트위스트바) 삽입에 따른 보강효과를 검증하였다. 실험결과를 통해 스틸플레이트를 삽입한 실험체는 내력이 증가되어 실험체의 강성이 향상되었으며, 스테인리스 트위스트바를 삽입한 실험체는 연성능력이 향상되어 취성파괴가 발생하지 않아, 연결철물 삽입에 따른 보강효과는 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.627-646
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• 2014

Adobe is one of the oldest construction materials that is still used in many seismic countries, and different construction techniques are found around the world. The adobe material is characterized as a brittle material; it has acceptable compression strength but it has poor performance under tensile and shear loading conditions. Numerical modelling is an alternative approach for studying the nonlinear behaviour of masonry structures such as adobe. The lack of a comprehensive experimental database on the adobe material properties motivated the study developed here. A set of a reference material parameters for the adobe were obtained from a calibration of numerical models based on a quasi-static cyclic in-plane test on full-scale adobe wall representative of the typical Peruvian adobe constructions. The numerical modelling, within the micro and macro modelling approach, lead to a good prediction of the in-plane seismic capacity and of the damage evolution in the adobe wall considered.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the building process and characteristics of Suncheon American missionary compound-missionary dwellings, medical clinics, schools and churches, for the sake of giving fundamental facts to the researcher of this field. The results of the study is summarized as follows. The construction participants of Suncheon missionary architecture are American supervisor- Rev. Preston, Elder Swinehart and Doctor Timmons, Korean christian labors, Chinese masons and Japanese carpenters. The characteristics of architectures are described as the space composition according to American life style, the architectural form of American colonial style. And also the masonry structure using the Korean domestic stones and bricks and imported various materials- such as the cements, timbers, glasses, doors and windows, etc- from the North America.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권4호
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• pp.479-488
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• 2022

Aiming to examine different failure patterns in multistory URM walls, two 1/3 scaled three-story and three-bay URM models were designed for the quasi-static loading tests to contrastively investigate the failure processes and characteristics of the multistory URM walls. Two different failure responses were observed with special attention paid to the behavior of spandrel-failure mode. By evaluating the seismic performance and deformation behavior of two test walls, it is demonstrated that spandrels, that haven't been properly designed in some codes, are of great significance in the failure of entire URM walls. Additionally, compared with pier-failure mode, spandrel-failure for multistory URM building is more reasonable and advisable as its effectively participation in energy dissipation and its efficiently improvement on seismic capacity and deformation in the overall structure. Furthermore, the experimental results are beneficial to improve seismic design and optimize reinforcement method of URM buildings.