• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.308-315
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• 2019

In this study, numerical simulations of slamming impact pressure acting on the flat plate and wedge type models using the cartesian-grid system and Modified Marker-Density Method (MMD method) were performed and the results were examined. The flat plate and wedge type models were selected as target objects, the turbulence characteristics were considered by applying the Sub-Grid Scale (SGS) turbulence model. Through this study, how the pressure acting on the target objects according to the incident angle influences the slamming impact pressure was examined and the results were compared with the flow characteristics of other experimental results. Also, the degree of slamming impact pressure is evaluated with respect to the cartesian-grid system and MMD method, which is easy to use and has a high degree of calculation for free surface.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1131-1141
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• 2023

Objective: Cortical iron deposition has recently been shown to occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate how cortical gray matter iron, measured using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), differs in the clinical cognitive impairment spectrum. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 73 participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 66.7 ± 7.6 years; 52 females and 21 males) with normal cognition (NC), 158 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 48 patients with AD dementia. The participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging using a three-dimensional multi-dynamic multi-echo sequence on a 3-T scanner. We employed a deep neural network (QSMnet+) and used automatic segmentation software based on FreeSurfer v6.0 to extract anatomical labels and volumes of interest in the cortex. We used analysis of covariance to investigate the differences in susceptibility among the clinical diagnostic groups in each brain region. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to study the association between susceptibility values and cognitive scores including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: Among the three groups, the frontal (P < 0.001), temporal (P = 0.004), parietal (P = 0.001), occipital (P < 0.001), and cingulate cortices (P < 0.001) showed a higher mean susceptibility in patients with MCI and AD than in NC subjects. In the combined MCI and AD group, the mean susceptibility in the cingulate cortex (β = -216.21, P = 0.019) and insular cortex (β = -276.65, P = 0.001) were significant independent predictors of MMSE scores after correcting for age, sex, education, regional volume, and APOE4 carrier status. Conclusion: Iron deposition in the cortex, as measured by QSMnet+, was higher in patients with AD and MCI than in NC participants. Iron deposition in the cingulate and insular cortices may be an early imaging marker of cognitive impairment related neurodegeneration.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 제초제 저항성 bar 유전자 및 CP4-EPSPS 유전자를 포함하는 발현벡터로 형질전환되고 항생제 마커 유전자를 포함하지 않는 제초제 복합 저항성 감자 식물체를 육성하고자 실험하였다. Bar 유전자를 포함하는 pCAMBIA3300에 CaMV35S 프로모터에 의해 조절되는 CP4-EPSPS 유전자를 도입하여 식물체용 발현 운반체를 제작하고, 이를 Agrobacterium tumafaciens EHA105에 도입하였다. 태동밸리 잎 절편체를 Agrobacterium과 공동배양한 다음, phosphinothricin 0.5 mg/L이 첨가된 배지에서 선발하고 호르몬 무처리 MS발근시켜 형질전환체 (E3-6)를 얻었다. PCR, Southern 분석, 효소면역반응 분석 등을 통해 두 가지 유전자가 도입되었으며 이들이 정상적으로 발현됨이 확인되었다. E3-6 식물체는 glufosinate-ammonium의 어린 식물체 잎 도포처리, glyphosate 용액에 치상한 식물체 조직에서의 shikimate 축적 여부 조사를 통하여 조사한 결과, 두 제초제에 대해 저항성을 나타내었다. 또한 형질전환감자의 전식물체에 대해 glyphosate와 glufosinate-ammonium 각각의 용액 또는 이들의 혼합물을 처리한 후 제초활성 반응을 조사한 결과, E3-6 형질전환 감자는 두 제초제를 각각 단독으로 처리할 때나 혼합하여 동시 처리할 때에도 동일한 저항성이 나타남을 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2501-2504
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• 2014

Background: Capecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine derivative which is frequently used alone or in combination regimens for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Although overall and progression free survivals have increased in recent years with the use of new generation drugs, predictive factors that would further improve the outcomes are needed. Previous studies have demonstrated the relation between post-treatment increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and predicting therapy response as well as survival. The present study investigated the clinical impact of MCV elevation in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with capecitabine. Materials and Methods: The data of a total of 82 patients from three centers followed between June 2005 and June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic data and hormone receptor status of the patients, as well as initial examination before and after treatment and data concerning progression were recorded. MCV ${\geq}100$ fl was considered as macrocytosis. Capecitabine was given at a dose of $2500mg/m^2$ daily for 14 days every three weeks. Pre-treatment and post-treatment MCV and other parameters of complete blood count were recorded. Post-treatment initial evaluation was performed after 2 cycles of therapy. Results: The median age of the patients was 46.5 years (range 26-72 years) and 54% were premenopausal. Performance status was ECOG 0 and 1 in 81 (99%) patients. The median number of cycles for capecitabine therapy was 5 (min-max: 2-18). The median ${\Delta}MCV$ level (post-treatment values at sixth week - baseline) was 6.4. Whilst ${\Delta}MCV$ was ${\geq}6.4$ in 42 patients, it was <6.4 in 40 patients. Clinical benefit (complete response+partial response+stable disease) was observed in 37 (88%) of 42 patients with a median ${\Delta}MCV$ ${\geq}6.4$ and in 30 (75%) of 40 patients with ${\Delta}MCV$ <6.4 with no statistically significant difference (p=0.158). No significant difference was determined between the group with ${\Delta}MCV$ ${\geq}6.4$ and the group with ${\Delta}MCV$ <6.4 in terms of progression-free survival (11 vs 12 months) (p=0.55) and overall survival (20 months vs. 24 months) (p=0.11). Conclusions: The identification of new predictive markers in metastatic breast cancer is very important. In some recent studies, increase in MCV has been suggested as a marker in tumor response. In the present study, however, no significant difference was determined between tumor response and increase in MCV. Further studies including higher numbers of patients are needed to determine whether increase in MCV is a predictive marker or not.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.540-549
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• 2024

Objective: This study investigated the feasibility and prognostic relevance of threshold-based quantification of myocardial delayed enhancement (MDE) on CT in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). Materials and Methods: Forty-three patients with NIDCM (59.3 ± 17.1 years; 21 male) were included in the study and underwent cardiac CT and MRI. MDE was quantified manually and with a threshold-based quantification method using cutoffs of 2, 3, and 4 standard deviations (SDs) on three sets of CT images (100 kVp, 120 kVp, and 70 keV). Interobserver agreement in MDE quantification was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement between CT and MRI was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Patients were followed up for the subsequent occurrence of the primary composite outcome, including cardiac death, heart transplantation, heart failure hospitalization, or appropriate use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate event-free survival according to MDE levels. Results: Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was observed in 29 patients (67%, 29/43), and the mean LGE found with the 5-SD threshold was 4.1% ± 3.6%. The 4-SD threshold on 70-keV CT showed excellent interobserver agreement (ICC = 0.810) and the highest concordance with MRI (CCC = 0.803). This method also yielded the smallest bias with the narrowest range of 95% limits of agreement compared to MRI (bias, -0.119%; 95% limits of agreement, -4.216% to 3.978%). During a median follow-up of 1625 days (interquartile range, 712-1430 days), 10 patients (23%, 10/43) experienced the primary composite outcome. Event-free survival significantly differed between risk subgroups divided by the optimal MDE cutoff of 4.3% (log-rank P = 0.005). Conclusion: The 4-SD threshold on 70-keV monochromatic CT yielded results comparable to those of MRI for quantifying MDE as a marker of myocardial fibrosis, which showed prognostic value in patients with NIDCM.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6391-6395
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• 2012

Background: Ovarian cancer is ranked as the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women. In Malaysia, it is the fourth most common cancer in females. CA125 has been the tumor marker of choice in ovarian cancer but its diagnostic specificity in early stages is only 50%. Hence, there is a critical need to identify an alternative tumor marker that is capable of detecting detect ovarian cancer at an early stage. HE4 is a new tumor marker proposed for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and disease recurrence. Currently, none of the normal ranges of HE4 quoted in the literature are based on data for a multiethnic Asian population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for HE4 in an Asian population presenting in University Malaya Medical Centre, a tertiary reference hospital. Materials and Methods: 300 healthy women were recruited comprising 150 premenopausal and 150 postmenopausal women, aged from 20-76 years. All women were subjected to a pelvic ultrasonograph and were confirmed to be free from ovarian pathology on recruitment. Serum HE4 levels were determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA, Abbott Architect). The reference intervals were determined following CLSI guidelines (C28-A2) using a non-parametric method. Results: The upper limits of the $95^{th}$ percentile reference interval (90%CI) for all the women collectively were 64.6 pmol/L, and 58.4 pmol/L for premenopausal) and 69.0 pmol/L for postmenopausal. The concentration of HE4 was noted to increase with age especially in women who were more than 50 years old. We also noted that our proposed reference limit was lower compared to the level given by manufacturer Abbott Architect HE4 kit insert (58.4 vs 70 pmol/L for premenopausal group and 69.0 vs 140 pmol/L in the postmenopausal group). The study also showed a significant difference in HE4 concentrations between ethnic groups (Malays and Indians). The levels of HE4 in Indians appeared higher than in Malays (p<0.05), while no significant differences were noted between the Malays and Chinese ethnic groups. Conclusions: More data are needed to establish a reference interval that will better represent the multiethnic Malaysian population. Probably a larger sampling size of equal representation of the Malay, Chinese, Indians as well as the other native ethnic communities will give us a greater confidence on whether genetics plays a role in reference interval determination.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.120-129
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• 1999

목적 : 방사선치료를 시행한 자궁경부암 환자에서 혈중 SCC항원을 치료 전과 치료 후 추적기간 동안의 수치변화와 치료결과의 상관관계를 조사하기 위하여 자료를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 순천향대학병원 방사선종양학과에서 방사선치료를 시행한 환자 중에서 1991~1997년 사이에 혈중SCC 검사를 치료 전 시행하였거나 추적관찰 중 시행한 181명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 실시하였다. 여러가지 통계방법을 통하여 치료 전 농도와 무병생존기간, 예후인자 등을 비교하고 추적기간 중 수치 변화의 임상적 의미를 조사하였다. 결과 : 혈중 SCC항원의 양성비율은 15ng/ml 기준으로 병기그룹에 따라 71~91%, 2.5ng/ml 기준으로 57~91%로 유의하게 증가하였으며 각 그룹의 5년 무병생존율은 IB-IIA 79.2%, IIB 68.7%, III 33.4%, IV 0% 였다. 그리고 5년 무병생존율은 치료 전 항원농도가 5ng/ml 이상인 경우 34%로 1.5ng/ml 이하, 1.5~5ng/ml의 55~62% 보다 매우 낮았다. 항원 수치 추적검사 결과 임상증상보다 1~13개월(평균 4.8개월) 재발을 빨리 발견할 수가 있었고 항원의 수치와 무병생존기간은 유의한 상관관계를 가졌고(r=-0.266) 다변량 분석상 치료전 SCC항원의 수치는 독립된 예후인자였다. 결론 : 치료 전 혈중 SCC항원 농도는 편평상피 자궁경부암의 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자이며 치료 후 추적기간 중에 하는 검사는 재발을 빨리 발견하는데 유용하다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2009

목적: 골육종에서 maspin의 발현 정도를 살펴보고 골육종 임상 경과와의 연관성을 고찰해 본다. 대상 및 방법: 39 예의 골육종 조직에서 maspin 의 발현 정도를 RT-PCR 기법을 이용해 관찰하였으며, 골조직의 항암 화학요법에 대한 반응, 절제 후 국소 재발, 원격전이 등과 같은 임상적 지표와의 연관성을 통계적으로 분석하였다 결과: 저자가 정한 maspin 고 발현군에서는 저 발현군에 비해 항암 화학요법의 반응도가 높고 원격 전이와 국소 재발도 유의성 있게 적은 것으로 나타났다. 원격 전이도 maspin 고발현군과 항암 화학요법 반응도가 높은 군에서 유의하게 낮게 동반되었다. 그리고 5년 metastasis-free survival이 maspin 저 발현군($25.4{\pm}13.0%$) 보다 고 발현군($69.0{\pm}10.5%$)에서 유의성 있게 높았다(p=0.006). 결론: 골육종에서 maspin 유전자의 발현은 종양세포의 항암 화학요법 반응도 및 원격 전이, 5년 metastasis-free survival에 유의한 연관성을 보이고 있어 골육종의 예후를 예견할 수 있는 중요한 지표가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1615-1622
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• 2011

A factorial ($4{\times}2{\times}2$) experimental design was employed to determine apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), protein, lipid, energy and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of the test diets containing either ${\alpha}$-potato starch (A-PS), ${\beta}$-potato starch (B-PS), ${\beta}$-corn starch (B-CS) or dextrin (DEX) as dietary carbohydrate energy for juvenile (average weight 30 g) and grower (average weight 300 g) rockfish reared at 13$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$. Chromic oxide was used as an inert marker. Feces were collected by fecal collectors attached to rearing tanks from triplicate groups of juvenile and grower rockfish. Digestibilities of DM, energy and NFE of the test diets were significantly affected by dietary carbohydrate and water temperature (p<0.01), but not by fish size. DM digestibility of the fish fed the A-PS diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed other treatments, except for the DEX diet at 20$^{\circ}C$. DM digestibility of rockfish fed the B-CS diet was significantly lower than that of other diets. A similar pattern was observed in apparent digestibility of energy. NFE digestibility of fish fed the test diets was significantly affected by carbohydrate and significantly correlated to DM (r = 0.97, p<0.01) and energy (r = 0.99, p<0.01) digestibilities, regardless of water temperature and fish size. NFE digestibility of the fish fed the ${\beta}$-starch diets was relatively lower compared to that of the ${\alpha}$-starch diets, and ranged from 35 to 43% and 20 to 27% for B-PS and B-CS, respectively. The present findings indicate that carbohydrate and water temperature significantly affected digestibilities of dry matter, energy and nitrogen-free extract of rockfish. Among dietary carbohydrates, ${\alpha}$-potato starch could be effectively used as dietary carbohydrate energy for rockfish at 13$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2559-2563
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• 2014

Purpose: We investigated the expression of epithelial $Ca^{2+}$ channel transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 5 and 6 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and assessed their prognostic role in patients after surgical resection. Materials and Methods: From January 2008 to January 2009, 145 patients who had undergone surgical resection of NSCLCs were enrolled in the study. Patient clinical characteristics were retrospectively reviewed. Fresh tumor samples as well as peritumor tissues were analyzed for TRPV5/6 expression using immune-histochemistry (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Patients were grouped based on their TRPV5 and TRPV6 levels in the tumor tissues, followed up after surgery, and statistically analyzed to examine the prognostic roles of TRPV5 and TRPV6 on patients' survival after surgical resection of NSCLCs. Results: Using IHC, among the 145 patients who had undergone surgical resection of NSCLCs, strong protein expression (grade${\geq}2$) of TRPV5 and TRPV6 was observed in a lower percentage of primary tumor tissues than in non-tumor tissues of same patients. Similar findigns were obtained with the RT-PCR test for mRNA levels. Decreased overall mRNA levels of TRPV5 and TRPV6 were associated with a worse overall survival rate (p=0.004 and p=0.003 respectively) and shorter recurrence-free survival (p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). The combining effect of TRPV5 and TRPV6 on survival was further investigated using multivariate analysis. The results showed that a combination of low expression of TRPV5 and TRPV6 could be an independent predictor of poor recurrence-free survival (p=0.002). Conclusions: Decreased expression of TRPV5/6 in tumor tissues was observed in NSCLC patients and was associated with shorter median survival time after surgical resection. Combined expression of TRPV5 and TRPV6 in tumor tissues demonstrated promising prognostic value in NSCLC patients.