• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine effects of composted livestock manure application on soil nutrient change. PVC pot $(30\times100cm)$ was filled with either volcanic ash soil (Gujwa series) or non-volcanic ash soil (Aewol series) and the 20 cm surface soils were applied with composted livestock manures of cattle pig and poultry at the rates of 0, 50, 100 and 150 ton/ha, respectively. After 210 days soils samples of phosphate, potassium, calcium, and magnesium affected by application of the compost. The applied composted were equivalent to the application of organic matter of $23\sim111$ ton/ha and nitrogen of $80\sim450$ ton/ha. Availability rate of phosphate after the application of composted livestock manures ranged from 1.6 to 91.7% according to the different composted. It was much higher in the non-volcanic ash soil than in the volcanic ash soil. Availability rate of potassium fractional recovery rate change ranged from 22 to 94% according to the different manures. It was larger in the composted Availability rate of calcium 38 to 93% and $9\sim90%$ in volcanic ash soil and non-volcanic ash soil, respectively, It was higher in the composted manures followed by cattle and composted pig manures. Availability rate magnesium ranged from 12 to 41% and $1\sim9%$ in volcanic ash soil and non-volcanic ash soil, respectively. The rate was higher in the composted poultry manure followed by pig and composted cattle manures.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.445-451
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• 2013

We researched nitrogen and green manure yield of crotalaria by seeding rate; 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 kg $ha^{-1}$ in upland soil to find out crotalaria's optimal seeding rate. Crotalaria's plant height and number of leaves increased when the harvest time was later regardless of its seeding rate. Its nitrogen content of above-ground part was 19.8 g $ha^{-1}$, and C/N ratio was 22.5. The highest nitrogen content (50.3 g $ha^{-1}$) was found in flowers part, followed by its leaves, roots and stems. The green manure yields of crotalaria increased when the harvest time was later. The green manure yield of crotalaria was biggest in 50kg $ha^{-1}$ which was low in seeding rate. It tended to decrease when the seeding rate was higher, and the nitrogen yield had the same tendency. Therefore, the appropriate seeding rate was 50kg $ha^{-1}$ and the time for application to soil was considered to be the flowering stage.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.731-743
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of green manures and complemental fertilization with oil cake or liquid fertilizer on growth and nitrogen use efficiency of Chinese cabbage cultivated in organi systems. Field experiments were carried out at the National Institute of Agricultural Science in Suwon, South Korea from 2012 to 2014. Two green manure crops, Crotalaria and Hairy vetch, was cultivated in summer and in winter, respectively. The application methods of the green manure consisted of three tillage systems (overall tillage, partial tillage and no tillage). Oil cake and liquid fertilizer were used as complemental fertilizer. The results showed that when used as covering material in the upland soil without tillage, green manure fertilization was more effective in increasing growth and yield of Chinese cabbage than when incorporated into soil. It was possible to grow and harvest Chinese cabbage in the spring season by the application of hairy vetch as winter green manure. The higher yield of Chinese cabbage with green manure application was caused by the lower incidence rate of soft rot and tip-burn. The yield of the Chines cabbage that received green manure applications over two consecutive seasons followed by the supplemental fertilization with oil cake was similar to that of the conventional chemical fertilization. Following a single season green manure application in summer, however, the yield of cabbage was only about 70% of the conventional treatment. Green manure cultivation with additional liquid fertilization produced a yield similar to the conventional fertilization treatment, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration remained stable and the nitrogen use efficiency increased in the green manure applied soil. In conclusion, the organic cultivation of Chinese cabbage in the autumn season could be outperformed in the upland soil receiving two seasons (winter and summer) of green manure fertilization followed by the supplemental fertilization with liquid fertilizer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.630-635
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• 2000

Previous research has not evaluated the effects of various rates and frequencies of manure application and frequencies of cutting on yield and stand persistence of cool-season grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures. The primary objective of this study was to compare the effects of cutting management systems on herbage yield and stand persistence of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-orchardgrass mixture from various rates and frequencies of dairy slurry application. A randomized complete block design with treatments in a sub-subplot arrangement with four replicates was used. The main plot consisted of 2 cutting management systems (4 and 5 annual cuttings). The subplots were 9 fertility treatments: 7 slurry rate and frequency of application treatments, one inorganic fertilizer treatment, and an unfertilized control. The split-split-plots were the two forage species: orchardgrass and alfalfa-orchardgrass mixture. The study was initiated after 1st cutting in 1995. Cumulative yields of the 2nd and subsequent cuttings of both orchardgrass and alfalfa-orchardgrass in 1995 were higher for the 5-cutting system than the 4-cutting system. The 1995 growing season was abnormally dry. In 1996, an abnormally wet year, the reverse was true, total herbage yields being higher for the 4-cutting system than the 5-cutting system. Species response to fertility rate/frequency treatments was different in both years. Higher application rates early in the season and carryover of nutrients from late season applications the previous year appear to be responsible for the yield increases of those fertility treatments having significant yield differences between the cutting management systems. The stand ratings of orchardgrass were not affected by cutting management. In the spring of 1997, however, the stand ratings of alfalfa-orchardgrass in the 4-cutting management system were significantly greater than the 5-cutting management system. The very high manure application rate significantly reduced the stand ratings of alfalfa-orchardgrass in the 5-cutting system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2004

Recently, saw dust manure has been widely used in horticultural crop production in Korea. Animal manure is produced by decaying of livestock manure mixed with saw dust, and contained higher nutrients and ion concentration than the traditional manure made from rice straw and grasses. Therefore, a continuous application of the animal manure disregarding to soil characteristics may be ruined the soil conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the transportation of the nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and ion concentration of the animal manure applied to volcanic and non-volcanic soils in Jeju islana Soil chemical analysis were done before and 180 days after animal manure application. After animal manure application, $NO_3$-N moved up to 90cm in volcanic soil, while the movement was limited to 60 cm in non-volcanic soil. Phosphate concentration was high up to 30 cm, where crop roots are mainly distributed, in volcanic soil, however, the phosphate moved up to 60 cm in volcanic soil. Exchangeable potassium moved up to 90 cm in volcanic soil, but the movement wns limited up to 60 cm in non-volcanic soil. For both soil types, no significant different in ion concentrations was observed up to 60 cm in soil depth, though the concentrations were higher in volcanic ash soils as compared to the non-volcanic ash soils.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1999

Manure management is a top priority on both dairy and swine farrns at present. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different types and N rates of liquid manure on forage yield and quality of oats(Avena sativa L.) in Suweon, 1997. Seven treatments consisting of chemical fertilizer $120kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, liquid cattle manure 120, 240 and $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, and liquid swine manure 120, 240 and $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. As increasing N rate of the liquid manure, the plant height was increased, but dry matter content of oats was decreased as increasing liquid manure N rate. There were significant differences in dry matter yield of oats among the liquid manure N rates(P<0.05). Crude protein(CP) content of oats ranged from 14.7 to 24.1% (P<0.05), and CP yield was orderly ranked as liquid swine manure $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$>liquid cattle manure $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$>liquid swine manure $240kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$(P<0.05). Acid detergent fiber(ADF) content of the liquid cattle manure treatment showed a slightly higher than that of the liquid swine manure treatment(P<0.05). Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content of the liquid cattle manure treatment was lower than that of the liquid swine manure treatment(P<0.05). Relative feed value(RFV) of the liquid cattle manure treatment decreased with increasing liquid manure N rates compared with that of the liquid swine manure treatment. Based on the results of this experiment, it is indicates that to increase the N rates from liquid manure application could be obtained from the increase of forage yield.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The veterinary antibiotics treated to livestock have a potential risk to reach to soil and water environment, and eventually be taken up by plants. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of zeolite and shell meal fertilizer amendment on antibiotic uptake by plant when veterinary antibiotics in chicken manure compost were applied to agricultural land. Model antibiotics used in the study were chlortetracycline (CTC), tylosin (TYL), and sulfamethazine (SMT). Chlortetracycline level in lettuce was decreased to less than $0.08ug\;kg^{-1}$ by application of zeolite as compared with about $0.26ug\;kg^{-1}$ for control without amendment on 33 days after transplanting. Tylosin was not detected for all the treatment. Sulfamethazine levels in lettuce ranged from 11 to $19{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$ on a fresh weight basis and gradually decreased with time. Zeolite application decreased the SMT levels in lettuce by greater extent than shell meal fertilizer amendments. Results from the 61-d greenhouse experiment imply that application of zeolite at a rate of $1.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ or shell meal fertilizer at a rate of $2.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ can reduce CTC and SMT concentration in lettuce cultivated in soil fertilized with antibiotic-contaminated chicken manure compost.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2013

Effects of pig manure with various composting periods(0, 15, 30, 50, 80 days) on feeding rate, biomass, cocoon production of earthworm(Eisenia fetida) population and physicochemical property of vermicast produced from pig manure were investigated. The feeding rate of earthworm was increased with longer composting period of pig manure. But the biomass production of earthworm population was highest upon the pig manure composted for 30 days. Upon the pig manure composted for 80 days, the biomass was severely reduced. Cocoon production was decreased with longer composting period and especially lower on the pig manure composted for 80 days. Values of pH, EC, C/N ratio of vermicasts produced from pig manure composts were lower than those of pig manures. And the organic material contents of vermicasts were uniformly reduced irrespective of composting duration of pig manure, whose values were 35.9-39.8%. From these results, the optimum composting period of pig manure for vermicomposting could be 15-30 days. And the application of vermicomposting upon the composted pig manure could be an efficient way for the treatment of pig feces, which can stabilize and recycle the organic wastes more rapidly than the conventional composting method.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to assess the runoff of nitrogen derived from pig manure under upland condition. Bare and maize cultivated conditions were compared to estimate the effect of plant on the runoff loss of nitrogen and other nutrients by application of pig manure. Soil used in this experiment was sandy loam, and the fermented pig manure was applied at the rate of 0, 50, and $100ton\;ha^{-1}$. The amount of runoff was measured after every rainfall and water samples were analyzed for nitrate and other cations. Runoff was increased with the rainfall, but was depended on the application rate of pig manure at both bare and maize cultivated plots. Concentrations of nitrate in runoff at 0, 50 and $100ton\;ha^{-1}$ application of pig manure were higher at the maize cultivated plots than those at bare plots by 86.9, 42.9, and 33.6%, respectively. However, total mass of nitrate by runoff loss was higher at the bare plot ranging from 1.34 to $3.15kg\;NO_3-N\;ha^{-1}$. The equivalent ratio of nitrate to sum of cations in runoff was higher at the bare plot than that of maize cultivated plots. The concentration of cations in runoff was in the order of K> Mg> Na> Ca.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 1996

Micro plot study was conducted to elucidate the behavior of nitrogen derived from animal manure in soil and to obtain the fundamental information on animal waste management. Soils used in this experiment were sandy loam and loam. Soil water samplers (1m length ceramic cup tube) were installed at 90cm depth of soil to collect the percolate. Fresh and fermented pig manure were applied at the rate of 0, 50, 100 ton per ha. Maize was grown to evaluate the effect of crop on nitrogen behavior through soil profile. Concentration of nitrate nitrogen in percolate increased by application of pig manure. This trend was more obvious at the loam with fermented pig manure than sandy loam with fresh pig manure treatment. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen was lower under the maize cultivation than bare soil condition by 64.6-68.9%. Concentration of Ca, Mg and Na of soil and percolate increased as nitrate nitrogen concentration increased. The equivalent ratio of cation to nitrate nitrogen of percolate was increased by application of pig manure. This result showed that canon leaching was accompanied by nitrate nitrogen. Concentration of nitrate nitrogen of subsurface soil was increased by pig manure application.