• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

This study examines the role of the manufacturing sector in stimulating economic growth in the Saudi economy. Even though the economic literature shows how the manufacturing sector stimulates economic growth, it does not clearly show the role of the manufacturing sector in economic growth. The study employed annual time-series data spanning the 1980-2018 period from the databases of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority. Moreover, the cointegration and VECM approaches were employed to examine the short- and long-run relationship causality between variables. The results show a two-way causal relationship exists between the manufacturing sector and economic growth. Furthermore, the results indicate that a unidirectional causal relationship exists, running from the manufacturing sector to the services sector. The study recommends that the determinants of the growth of the Saudi manufacturing sector must be investigated. Moreover, the most productive Saudi manufacturing industries must be identified, and the productivity of other sectors must be increased in a way that contributes to economic plans and policies. Thus, adopting economic policies that stimulate investment in the manufacturing sector contributes to increasing non-oil exports to diversify sources of income to achieve vision 2030 of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-38
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• 2021

The paper examines the role of the informal sector on innovation activities of urban formal manufacturing enterprises in India. It provides empirical evidence on firm-level linkages between formal and informal sectors by using the World Bank Enterprise Survey, 2013-14 and the Innovation Follow-up survey, 2014. Primarily, the paper aims to examine the effect of informal sector competition on innovation in urban formal manufacturing enterprises in India. Secondly, the paper analyses the mediation effect of informal sector competition on innovations in the urban manufacturing enterprises. It determines the direct and indirect influence of business regulations and constraints on innovation outcomes through the mediation effect of informal sector competition by using the SEM "Structural Equation Modeling" guidelines. The econometric results show that informal sector competition has a negative effect on the introduction of product innovations while industry-level informal sector competition has a positive effect on product innovation through the local knowledge spillovers from the informal to the formal sector. However, the informal sector competition was found to have no significant effect on the probability of introducing process innovations. Further, the results show the inhibitive role of informal sector competition on innovation in urban formal manufacturing enterprises is more severe for firms with heavy regulatory burdens and is relatively weakened in firms with resource constraints. This suggests that the informal sector plays an important role in the NIS (National Innovation System) in India.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.111-129
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• 2012

The integration of products and services is being expanded in both manufacturing and service companies such as in Apple's iPod & iTunes, Amazon's Kindle, and Hyundai Motor Company's Mozen. This phenomenon has recently accelerated due to multiple factors including market change, lessening of differences in quality of products or services, the paradigm of participation and sharing, and deindustrialization and evolution toward becoming a service economy. The objective of this paper is to investigate and analyze the status and characteristics of integration of products and services in Korean firms and to suggest policy directions promoting this integration. Towards this purpose, income statements from the Korea Listed Companies Association (KLCA) database of companies listed on the Korea Stock Exchange are analyzed regarding the servitization of manufacturing firms as well as the productization of service firms. In addition, this research investigates the Korean Innovation Survey 2011 database for the service sector and 2010 database for the manufacturing sector in order to evaluate R&D activity in each. In the manufacturing sector, the average ratio of service sales (servitization) was low at 0.208, with bias in the level and distribution of ratios associated with the manufacturing sector. 18 out of a total of 23 sectors (78%) have low servitization, showing there's a long way to go for servitization in the Korean manufacturing sector. In the service sector, the average ratio of product sales (productization) was 9.53%, which is relatively high compared to that of the manufacturing sector. However, the distribution of ratios is also biased, as with the manufacturing sector. Based on this analysis, policy directions are proposed in terms of 1) R&D, 2) concept boost, 3) R&D result spread, 4) statistics, 5) infrastructure and 6) green growth.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.82-97
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• 2003

The study attempts to review TQM models used in the health care sector and the obstacles to the application of TQM in the sector. Even though the TQM models in the manufacturing and service sectors were successfully applied, the applicability of TQM in the health care sector is still in question. The reason is the unique characteristics of the medical sector such as medical and management practices. The most of the TQM models in the health care sector come from manufacturing industries. The importance of the professional groups is, however, more emphasized in the sector than in manufacturing sector. The role of the groups are idiosyncratic to the sector. They generate some obstacles to the application of TQM in the sector. The barriers include cultural obstacles of health care organization. It naturally follows that the TQM in the health care sector requires the change of the organizational culture of the sector. The culture embraces the norms, rules, regulations, compensation system, morale, practices, and common experiences. To change the culture needs long term effort and modification of the rules, regulations, compensation system, and practices. It also requires staffs' training in the problem solving methods. The TQM in the health care sector needs that the interested parties should change. Since doctors group and nurses group are controlled in the bureaucratic and authoritative manner, they should learn the problem solving techniques which require the interaction with other groups. The management also needs to learn management skills and get thorough training on them.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.14-35
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• 1999

This paper presents the relationship between the pace of structural change and the magnitude of employment growth in the manufacturing sector in OECD countries. To measure the pace of structural change, the compositional change index in value-added in manufacturing sector is introduced. For mid to long-term there seems to be a positive relationship between the pace of structural change and the magnitude of employment growth. In those countries with higher value of the compositional index, the employment growth in manufacturing sector was generally higher. To analyse the characteristics of structural change in manufacturing sector, this paper classifies manufacturing industries into groups: one based on technology, one on orientation, one on wages and one on skills. The international comparison of manufacturing sector's employment patterns based on above four classifications are presented. International comparison suggests that Korean manufacturing sector move into jobs with more skills and knowledge The structural change of SMEs and large firms are compared based on above four classification methods. It is shown that SMEs' employment in low value sectors, that is low-technology, labor-intensive, tow-wage, and unskilled sectors, have risen faster than SMEs' employment in high-technology, science-based, high-wage and skilled sectors. Large firms' employment have been mainly increased in high value sectors. However, the employment growth of both large and small firms have been concentrated on production worker-intensively-using sectors, i.e. unskilled sectors. This widened the wage differential of production workers by firm sizes and concurrently led to severe shortage of production workers for SMEs, which has little ability to pay high wage to production workers because they usually belong to low-wage sectors. Korea need to push SMEs forward to high value sectors. The premise of that is, however, to pull large firms out of production worker-intensively-using sectors.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.169-202
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• 2019

Productivity in agriculture or services has long been understood as playing an important role in the growth of manufacturing. In this paper we present a general equilibrium model in which manufacturing growth is stimulated by non-manufacturing sectors that provides goods used in both research and final consumption. The model permits the evaluation of two policy options for stimulating manufacturing growth: (1) a country imports more non-manufacturing goods from a foreign country with higher productivity and (2) a country increases productivity of domestic non-manufacturing. We find that both policies improve welfare of the economy, but depending on the policy the manufacturing sector responses differently. Specifically, employment and value-added in manufacturing increase with policy (1), but contract with policy (2). Therefore, specialization of the import non-manufactured goods helps explain why some Asian economies experience rapid growth in the manufacturing sector without progress in other sectors.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2012

This paper reviewed the relationship between information technology system and knowledge management activities, and the moderating effect of industrial type. The results of multiple regression analysis, based on the responses from 219 employees in manufacturing and financing service sector, showed that information technology infrastructure and information technology usage have positive effects on knowledge acquisition, knowledge transfer, and knowledge usage. In moderating effects, information technology infrastructure more positively related with knowledge acquisition in financing service sector than in manufacturing sector. And also information technology usage more positively related with knowledge transfer in financing service sector than in manufacturing sector.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Purpose - The introduction and expansion of the railway network since the 19th century brought revolutionary changes in economic activities, performance, and structure. The purpose of this study is estimating the impact of railroads on the local agricultural and manufacturing structures in the 19th century USA. Research design, data, and methodology - To identify the impact of railroads on local economic structure, county-level panel data from the U.S. census were analyzed using a panel fixed-effect differences-in-differences regression. The empirical investigation focuses on whether railroads changed the overall volume and sectoral composition of the local agricultural sector, and whether they contributed to the growth of the local manufacturing industry and its productivity. Results - The railroad introduction led to the relative decline of the agricultural sector, while encouraging the growth of market-oriented gardening. As such, manufacturing productivity increased by the introduction of railroads, although manufacturing inputs and home manufactures were unaffected. Conclusions - The findings imply that railroads contributed to the growth of market-oriented farming in rural areas, and the rise of productivity in the local manufacturing sector. Meanwhile, evidence of railroad-driven growth for the entire agricultural sector or a massive reallocation of resources from agriculture to manufacturing were not found.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1031-1039
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• 2015

본 연구는 산업연관분석을 통하여 국내 정보보호 제조 및 서비스 산업의 경제파급효과를 분석한 것이다. 분석 결과, 정보보호 제품의 생산유발계수는 전 산업 평균보다 크지만, 정보보호 서비스는 전 산업 평균을 크게 하회하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 부가가치유발계수 및 고용유발계수의 경우 정보보호 서비스는 전 산업 평균을 크게 상회하는데 반해, 정보보호 제품은 전 산업 평균에 미치지 못해 생산유발계수와 대조적인 결과를 보였다. 전ㆍ후방 연쇄효과는 정보보호 제품 및 서비스 모두 산업 평균보다 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. 그리고 정보보호 산업은 전반적으로 국민경제에 미치는 성장 기여도와 고용기여도가 미약한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 정보보호 제품의 경우 고용기여도가 마이너스를 기록해 해당 부문의 고용증대를 위한 노력이 시급한 것으로 나타났다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.97-126
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• 2020

본 연구는 4차 산업혁명의 핵심 산업으로 주목받고 있는 스마트홈 관련 산업의 국민경제적 파급효과를 정량적으로 분석하여 그 잠재성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구들에 대한 문헌검토(literature review)를 통해 스마트홈 관련 산업을 제조업과 서비스업으로 분류하고 외생화하였다. 그리고 2018년 산업연관표를 이용하여 이들 산업이 유발하는 생산, 부가가치, 고용 및 취업효과와 산업간 연쇄효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과 스마트홈 제조업과 서비스업은 각 산업 영역에서 타 산업에 비해 높은 수준의 부가가치유발효과를 보였으며 스마트홈 산업 내부적으로는 제조업의 서비스업 생산 견인 기능이 상대적으로 더 크게 나타났다. 또한 4차 산업혁명기술을 활용하는 산업답게 기술집약적인 산업과의 연관성이 높을 뿐만 아니라 스마트시티, 스마트카, 핀테크 등을 구현하기 위한 서비스 부문과도 깊이 연관되어 있음을 확인하였다. 한편 스마트홈 제조업은 후방파급효과가 전방파급효과에 비해 상대적으로 높은 최종 수요적 산업인 반면 스마트홈 서비스업은 전방파급효과가 후방파급효과에 비해 상대적으로 높게 나타나 중간재 산업으로서 타 산업으로의 공급 기능이 높은 산업임을 알 수 있었다.