• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1999

It was performed to evaulate the effects of occlusion of mandibular gland and sublingual gland on the mandibular gland in dogs. The occlusion of mandibular gland and sublingual gland was induced by ligature in clinically normal dogs, and ultrasonograpic appearance, hematological changes and histological changes of the mandibular gland were observed daily during 6 days. The results were as follows. 1. The length, width, circumference and area of the mandibular gland in clinically normal dogs were 25.1 mm, 8.4 mm, 56.4 mm and 163.0 $\textrm{mm}^2$ in the left, and 23.4 mm, 8.0 mm, 53.3 mm and 141.6 $\textrm{mm}^2$in the right. 2. The length, width, circumference and area of the mandibular gland were gradually increased after ligature of the salivary duct, and revealed maximum values, as 33.4 mm, 10.9 mm, 73.0 mm and 287.2 $\textrm{mm}^2$, respectively, at 24 hours after ligature, and returned to normal size at 3 days after ligature. 3. The size of the opposite mandibular gland without ligature was also gradually increased until 24 hours, and returned to normal size at 3 days, similar to the changes of the mandibular gland with ligature. 4. There were no significant changes after ligature of the salivary duct in hematological findings. 5. In histopathological findings, the major of glandular alveoli was enlarged at 24 hours after ligature of the salivary duct, and neutrophils and monocytes were infiltrated at 6 days after ligature.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2000

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to estimate the radiation absorbed doses in certain critical organs in the head and neck region with an Orthopos plus, a Panelipse, and a Panex-E machines. The second objective was to compare the absorbed doses between 5 inch by 12 inch and 6 inch by 12 inch image field for the Orthopos plus. Materials and Methods: Rando phantom and LiF TLD chips were used for dosimetry. The absorbed doses were measured at the thyroid gland, the submandibular gland, the parotid gland, the mouth floor, the maxillary sinus, the brain, the mandibular body, the mandibular ramus, the 2nd cervical spine and the skin over TMJ area. Results: The highest absorbed dose value was recorded at the mandibular ramus for the Orthopos plus with narrow image field. Higher absorbed dose values were recorded at the parotid gland, the mouth floor, the submandibular gland, and the 2nd cervical spine. The doses in the parotid gland were 597 μGy and 529 μGy with Orthopos plus, 638 μGy with Panelipse, and 1094μGy with Panex-E. Corresponding figures for the mandibular ramus were 2363 Gy and 1220 μGy, 248 μGy, and 118 μGy. The absorbed doses to the thyroid gland, the maxillary sinus, the brain, and the skin over TMJ were very low. Conclusion: Higher exposure values were recorded for the Orthopos plus than Panelipse and Panex-E. There was no significant differences of the absorbed doses according to the image field size.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2017

Mandibular bone depression, also known as Stafne bone cavity, is defined as a bone depression filled mainly with salivary gland tissue. Parotid gland bone defects are infrequently observed. We report the case of a 52-year-old male patient who underwent radiographic examinations due to temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and a radiolucent area was detected in the mandibular ramus, with a provisional diagnosis of traumatic bone cyst or parotid mandibular bone defect. The patient was then referred for magnetic resonance imaging, which demonstrated a hyperintense area eroding the mandibular ramus, which corresponded to glandular tissue. Although the defect was a benign lesion, radiolucencies in the mandibular ramus lead to concerns among professionals, because their radiographic features can resemble various intrabony neoplastic lesions, such as giant cell tumors or benign tumors of the parotid gland.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

Purpose : To review developmental salivary gland defect based on 12 reported cases and literature, and to guide radiographic diagnosis of this entity. Materials and Methods : The 12 cases of developmental salivary gland defect of Chosun University Dental Hospital in the last 4 years were analyzed and compared with previous reported cases. Result : 11 of the 12 cases were found in men, indicating a very strong male predilection. The peak age was in the 6th decade. These defects were situated just above or at the inferior border of mandible between the first molar and the mandibular angle, and always Inferior to the mandibular canal. Only one case was superimposed with the mandibular canal, 6 cases were superimposed with the inferior border of the mandible. Conclusion : Characteristically, these defects had a special radiographic features such as ovoid shaped well-defined radiolucency located just above or at the inferior border of the mandible between the first molar and the mandibular angle, and always inferior to the mandibular canal. The recognition of these radiographic features were diagnostically valuable.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.215-219
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• 2001

Purpose: The objective of this study was to estimate the radiation absorbed doses in certain critical organs in the head and neck region with 16 imaging programs available on the Orthopos/sup (R)/ panoramic machine. Materials and Methods: A Rando phantom and LiF TLD chips were used for dosimetry. The absorbed doses were measured at the thyroid gland, the submandibular gland, the parotid gland, the mouth floor. the maxillary sinus, the brain, the mandibular body, the mandibular ramus. the 2nd cervical spine and the skin over TMJ area. Results : The overall absorbed doses with imaging programs available on the Orthopos/sup (R)/ panoramic machine were much less than that of standard program (program 1) except program 8, 11, and 16. Generally, the absorbed doses to the bone marrow of the mandibular ramus and the parotid gland were high, but the absorbed doses to the bone marrow in the mandibular body, brain, maxillary sinus, and, especially, the thyroid gland were very low. Conclusion : The modified imaging programs available on the Orthopos/sup (R)/ panoramic machine can be effectively used in aspect of radiation protection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.210-213
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• 1999

A 15 months old male pit bull terrier was shown submandibular swelling, which was extended from left submandibular area through mandibular symphysis to right submandibular area and toward around left neck. In history taking, recurrence of swelling was recorded after conservative surgical incision, drainage and dressing. Palpation revealed no pain and heating, partial flutuation and hardness. By paracentesis, it was showed blood-tinged tenacious exudate without bad-smelling. Left submandibular salivary gland was able to be movable freely and the size decreased to half of that of right submandibular salivary gland. It was diagnosed as cervical salivary mucocele. In operation, rostral portion of left sublingual salivary gland was observed to be damaged transversely, showed black color and leaked saliva. Submandibular gland and rostral portion of sublingual salivary gland were resected, after ligation of ducts of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. At 15 days postoperation, serosanguineous exudate from operation wound was dramatically decreased and stable granulation tissue mass at this area was first palpated. At 39 days after operation, outline of left and right mandibular was appeared normal and skin tenderness of mandibular area was equal to that of the other body wall.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.308-310
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• 2018

A 17-year-old neutered male Miniature Pinscher dog presented with a mass on the left side of the submandibular region. Fine needle aspiration revealed malignant epithelial cells from the salivary gland but no evidence of metastasis was found on radiography, ultrasonography, or computed tomography. The cervical mass was surgically resected, and the histopathological examination confirmed adenocarcinoma of the mandibular salivary gland. Seven months after the initial diagnosis, the dog is alive without any clinical signs. This report describes the clinical findings, cytology, diagnostic imaging, and histopathological characteristics of a mandibular salivary gland adenocarcinoma in a Miniature Pinscher dog.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to estimate absorbed dose of each important anatomic site of phantom (RT-2l0 Head & Neck Section/sup R/, Humanoid Systems Co., U.S.A.) head in occlusal radiography. X-radiation dosimetry at 12 anatomic sites in maxillary anterior topography, maxillary posterior topography, mandibular anterior cross-section, mandibular posterior cross-section, mandibular anterior topographic, mandibular posterior topographic occlusal projection was performed with calcium sulfate thermoluminescent dosimeters under 70Kvp and 15mA, 1/4 second (8 inch cone) and 1 second (16 inch cone) exposure time. The results obtained were as follows: Skin surface produced highest absorbed dose ranged between 3264 mrad and 4073 mrad but there was little difference between projections. In maxillary anterior topographic occlusal radiography, eyeballs, maxillary sinuses, and pituitary gland sites produced higher absorbed doses than those of other sites. In maxillary posterior topographic occlusal radiography, exposed eyeball site and exposed maxillary sinus site produced high absorbed doses. In mandibular anterior cross-sectional occlusal radiography, all sites were produced relatively low absorbed dose except eyeball sites. In mandibular posterior cross-sectional occlusal radiography, exposed eyeball site and exposed maxillary sinus site were produced relatively higher absorbed doses than other sites. In mandibular anterior topographic occlusal radiography, maxillary sinuses, submandibular glands, and thyroid gland sites produced high absorbed doses than other sites. In mandibular posterior topographic occlusal radiography, submandibular gland site of the exposed side produced high absorbed dose than other sites and eyeball site of the opposite side produced relatively high absorbed dose.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.255-260
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• 1999

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of substitution of the zonography for the full-mouth periapical radiography in aspect of radiation protection. Materials and Methods: Rando phantom and LiF TLD chips were used for dosimetry. The absorbed doses at brain, skin above the TMJ. parotid gland. bone marrow in the mandibular body. and thyroid gland during the full-mouth periapical radiography. panoramic radiography. and zonography were measured. Resul ts: From the zonography. the absorbed doses to the brain. the skin over the TMJ. and the parotid gland were relatively high. but the absorbed doses to the bone marrow in the mandibular body and. especially. the thyroid gland were very low. Conclusion: The zonography can be an alternative to the full-mouth periapical radiography in aspect of radiation protection.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2009

Purpose: Fractures of the mandibular condylar area are common injuries that account for 29% to 40% of fractures of the facial bones and represent 20% to 62% of all mandibular fractures. Currently 3 main methods are being used in the treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures: closed reduction; open reduction and internal fixation; Endoscopic reduction and internal fixation. Each method has its proponents and opponent as well as advantages and disadvantages, and indications for each vary among surgeons. There are six approaches of open reduction: submandibular, retromandibular, preaurilcular, postauricular, intraoral, transparotid approach. Among them, transparotid approach has been described for subcondylar exposure with dissection in the direction of facial nerve fibers to expose the bone through the parotid gland. This approach carries the risk of a parotid glandular fistula as well as facial nerve injury but has the advantage of being directly over the fracture site. We report safety and efficacy of surgical treatment using a transparotid approach for direct plating. Methods: A 43-year-old man sustained multiple facial bone fractures by driver traffic accident. Mandibular subcondyle was fractured and dislocated internally. We performed open reduction and internal fixation by transparotid approach. Fractured site was fixed by titanium mini plate & screw. We applicated arch bar for approximately 3 weeks. Results: Follow-up length was about 5months. Scar of surgical incision was indistinct, there was no symptoms and signs of facial nerve and parotid gland injury, and maximal mouth opening was measured 49.5 mm. Conclusion: Transparotid approach has high risks of facial nerve and parotid gland injury, but paradoxically it is the most effective technique in saving facial nerve. Open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular subcondylar fracture by transparotid approach with precise and versed procedure, best outcome can be expected.