• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.488-492
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• 2010

This review evaluates the literature on the relationship between mandibular condylar process fracture and temporomadibular joint (TMJ). The topic of condylar fracture generated more discussion and controversy than any other field of maxillofacial trauma associated with TMJ. Disturbance of occlusal function, devia-tion of mandible, internal derangements of TMJ, and ankylosis of the joint with resultant inability to move the jaw are sequelae of condylar process fracture. Thus it is necessary to understand how the masticatory system adapts to the structural alterations that accompany fractures of the mandibular condyle. Treatment of condylar process fracture include two methods ; closed treatment and open treatment. If one chooses totreat closed, one must understand that adaptations in the musculature, skeleton, and dentition will be necessary. Open treatment of condylar process fractures probably requires fewer adaptations within the masticatory system to provide a favorable functional outcome. However, one must weigh the risk of open surgery against the possible improvement in outcome. The risks are not just surgical risk, but biological risk as well, such as disruption of the blood supply to the condyle. This review presents relevant aspects of change of TMJ associated with condylar process fracture.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

The management of mandibular condylar fractures in children has long been a matter of controversy. The fracture, if not treated appropriately, may result in complications such as disturbance of mandibular growth and temporomandibular joint ankylosis. They are usually treated nonsurgically, which has been proved to be satisfactory in the long term results. Nineteen children with 25 condylar fractures experienced during their growth period (age at trauma from 10 months to 12 years, mean 7.0 years) were studied. All patients were treated by arch bars and intermaxillary fixation for $7{\sim}14$ days. They have been evaluated with clinical and radiographic examination. The maximum mouth opening and lateral movement of the mandible were within normal limits. There was no malocclusion or ankylosis. Beginning of remodelling was evident at postoperative $1{\sim}3$ months. Remodelling of the condyle was good in 21, while partial adjustment occured in the other 4 condyles. These results suggest that the conservative treatment of condylar fractures in growing children results in good functional results and good remodelling of the condyle.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.398-404
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• 1994

저자등은 하악 과두 골절에 있어 골절의 양상, 환자의 요구, 교합의 상태, 한자의 나이등을 고려하여 기능적 처지가 필요하다고 판단된 환자들에 있어 악간 고정기간 없이 activator를 이용한 기능적 치료를 한 결과, 빠른 악관절 기능의 회복을 관찰하고 정상적인 하악의 전, 측방 기능운동을 유도할 수 있었기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.191-193
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• 2008

Impacted third molars of the mandible are generally found at or close to the second molar. If the third molar is impacted far distant from its original site, it may be affected by cysts or tumors. Ectopic impaction of third molar in the condyle area is very rare. Furthermore, impaction without cystic lesion is even less common. The etiology of migration of the mandibular third molar without cystic lesion is unknown. So periodical X-ray taking is essential.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2022

Objectives: Recently a modified high-submandibular approach (HSMA) has been introduced for treatment of condylar fracture. This approach involves an incision line close to the mandibular angle and transmasseteric transection, leading to a low incidence of facial palsy and allowing good visualization of the condyle area, especially the condylar neck and subcondyle positions. This study reports several cases managed with this modified HSMA technique for treating condylar fractures. Materials and Methods: Six cases of condylar fractures treated with modified HSMA technique were reviewed. Results: Three unilateral subcondylar fracture, 1 bilateral subcondylar fracture, 1 unilateral condylar neck fracture, 1 unlateral simultaneous condylar neck and subcondylar fracture cases were reviewed. All the cases were successfully treated without any major complication. Conclusion: Reduction, fixation, and osteosynthesis of condylar fractures via the modified HSMA technique enabled effective and stable treatment outcomes. Therefore, the described approach can be used especially for subcondylar and condylar neck fractures with minimal complications.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.28.1-28.7
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to present three-dimensional (3D) structural characteristics of the mandible in the hemifacial microsomia. The mandible has six distinct functional units, and its architecture is the sum of balanced growth of each functional unit and surrounding matrix. Methods: In order to characterize the mandibular 3D architecture of hemifacial microsomia, we analyzed the mandibular functional units of four hemifacial microsomia patients using the 3D reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images. And we compared the functional unit size between affected and non-affected side. Results: The length of condyle and angle showed significant differences between affected and non-affected sides. However, the length of mandibular body showed insignificant differences. The size differences between affected and non-affected side were observed at the condyle, angle, and body in descending order. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that the main etiopathogenic units are condyle and angle in the hemifacial microsomia mandible. Further investigation with the increased number of subjects will be helpful to establish treatment modality by etiopathogenic targeting of hemifacial microsomia.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.521-541
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth changes of the mandible and associated structure in response to postural hyperpropulsion and changes after removal of postural hyperpropulsor. The experimental animals were four-week-old Sprague-Dawley males rats. The animals were worn the postural hyperpropulsor diurnally for 10 hours per day. The animals were sacrified after 1-week, 2-week, 4-week postural hyperpropulsion and 4-week postural hyperpropulsion 4-week removal period. The growth changes of rat mandible and associated structures following postural hyperpropulsion on the growing rat mandible were observed biometrically, radiographically and histologically. The finding were as follows. 1. The angle between the chief axis of the bone trabeculae in the condyle and the mandibular plane of rats observed for 4 weeks after worn the hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks was directed posteriorly as compared with that of control rats. 2. The ratio of mandibular length to maxillary length of experimental rats was higher than that of control rats. 3. The tooth axis of mandibular first molar of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks was mesially inclined as compared with control rats. 4. Histologically, the cartilage layer at the superior region of the condyle of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 2 weeks appeared thicker than that of same aged normal rats, and generalized increase of the cartilage layer was shown on the condyle of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks. 5. There was no significant histologic difference between rats observed for 4 weeks after worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 4 weeks (8 week experimental rats) and same aged normal rats. 6. The newly formed bone at anterior region of articular fossa of rats worn the postural hyperpropulsor for 2 weeks and 4 weeks was thicker than that of same aged normal rats.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.32.1-32.5
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• 2017

Background: Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that tends to develop in mandibular condyle and coronoid process in the craniofacial region. If tumor mass has grown from condyle into the infratemporal space with zygomatic arch obstructing the access, there are risks associated with surgical exposure and local resection of these masses. Case presentation: This study reports on a case of osteochondroma on mandibular condylar head where we treated with surgical excision via preauricular approach with 3D analysis. After the local resection, there were no surgical and post-operative complications until 8-month follow-up period. Conclusions: In local excision of osteochondroma, our method is a minimally invasive method. It is a good example of osteochondroma treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.44.1-44.10
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• 2022

Background: The equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has a complex anatomical structure that makes diagnosis of TMJ disorders difficult. Computed tomography (CT) is now available in equine medicine; hence, TMJ evaluation has become more convenient. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the CT features of the TMJ in Jeju horses and to compare these features with those of Thoroughbreds. Methods: In this report, the TMJs of 10 Jeju horses (mean age: 4.5 ± 1.9 yr; mean body weight: 282.6 ± 40.3 kg) and 6 Thoroughbreds (mean age: 7.3 ± 1.6 yr; mean body weight: 479.7 ± 44.0 kg) were examined using CT. After CT scanning, the Hounsfield units (HU) and height to width ratio (H:W) of the mandibular condyle were measured. Results: The mean H:W in Jeju horses was significantly lower than that in Thoroughbreds. The mean HU in Jeju horses was lower than that in Thoroughbreds; however, the difference was not significant. The most frequent CT finding was an irregular medial margin of the mandibular condyle in both breeds. Conclusions: In this study, the shape of the mandibular condyle in Jeju horses was flatter than that in Thoroughbreds. This report could be useful in evaluating the TMJ in Jeju horses. Moreover, CT could be a pragmatic choice for the examination of the TMJ in horses.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 1998

The author assessed the sagittal relationships between glenoid fossa of the temporal bone and mandibular condyle from lateral transcranial views of 74 TMJ with disc displacement and 16 TMJ with normal disc-condyle complex by the magnetic resonance image findings. All the subjects were female and also in their 3rd decades. The disc displacement group was subdivided into anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADWR) group and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADWOR) group. The anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces as well as anterior/posterior (A/P) ratio of the space at the closed jaw position and vertical and horizontal components of the condyle position relative to the articular eminence at the open jaw position were measured from all the subjects and the data were compared among groups. The result were as follows : 1. The mean posterior joint space of ADWR group was smaller than ADWOR group, but there were no significant differences in anterior and superior joint spaces between two groups. 2. There showed a tendency of higher A/P ratio in ADWR group which meant the condyle of ADWR was likely to take posteriorly displaced position. 3. There were higher proportion of neutral condylar position in glenoid fossa in normal group, but higher proportion of posterior condylar position in ADWR group. 4. There were no significant differences in the degree of condyle-fossa concentricity among groups.