• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2005

Agricultural environmental indicators (AEIs) are useful tool for evaluating environmental performance induced by agri-environmental policy measures. General and specific criteria have been set to assess the linkages between policy measures and environmental states. In addition, a number of specific AEIs such as nutrient balance indicators and farm management indicators have been posit to review environmental performance associated with agri-environmental policy measures. The proposed environmental subjects encompass soil quality, qualities of underground and surface water, water resource preservation, species and genetic diversity, diversity for wildlife habitats, and agricultural landscapes. The developed AEIs may contribute to establishment or adjustment of environmental targets and ex-ante or ex-post evaluation for environmental performance associated with policy measures. In addition, the AEIs may be useful to consider introduction of new agri-environmental measures and enhance policy efficiency by assessing environmental performance, considering specific locality, and harmonizing support measures.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.23-38
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• 1997

In this Study, indicators for the evaluation of environmental amenity were determined through the investigation of the resident's consciousness in all thirty one cities and counties of Kyonggi. Also, environmental amenity that the resident feel in terms of recognition level was evaluated and based on the determined environmental indicators, environmental amenity for the physical environmental situation was evaluated. By analyzing the results, basic data for the planning of the future environmental management were prepared. The results of this study can be summarized as follows First, the developed indicators for the evaluation of environmental amenity consist of four intermediate evaluation items and fifteen individual evaluation items, and fifty four evaluation standards in total . Two to five evaluation standards were determined for the respective individual evaluation items. Second, using the developed indicators, the evaluation of environmental amenity were implemented based on both resident's consciousness and statistical data. Third, by analyzing the difference between two evaluation results, future research plan was proposed.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2020

This study developed evaluation indicators for the comfort experience of virtual reality (VR) headsets by classifying, defining, and weighting cybersickness-causing factors using the Delphi research method and analytic hierarchical process (AHP) approach. Four surveys were conducted with 20 experts on VR motion sickness. The expert surveys involved the 1) classification and definition of cybersickness-causing dimensions, classification of sub-factors for each dimension, and selection of evaluation indicators, 2) self-reassessment of the results of each step, 3) validity revaluation, and 4) final weighting calculation. Based on the surveys, the evaluation indicators for the comfort experience of VR headsets were classified into eight sub-factors: field of view (FoV)-device FoV, latency-device latency, framerate-device framerate, V-sync-device V-sync, rig-camera angle view, rig-no-parallax point, resolution-device resolution, and resolution-pixels per inch (PPI). A total of six dimensions and eight sub-factors were identified; sub-factor-based evaluation indicators were also developed.

• 청소년시설환경
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analysis importance for evaluation indicators in youth centers. The sample of it is 138 youth centers. Method of this analysis of importance for its indicators is AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). Evaluation domains in youth center are process evaluation, product evaluation, input evaluation and specialized program in order of importance. Also, it is important to evaluate in needs assessment, recruitment of youth instructor, participation of youth in decision making, connective project with schools, sanitation level of youth center, satisfaction research, efforts of improvement of youth center staff in evaluation indicators. The result of this study is that importance for evaluation indicators suggests developmental directivity in youth center management.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.45-74
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• 2024

The import content of export (ICE) has served as an indicator of global integration for several decades. It is defined as the share of imported products embodied in exports and can be interpreted as the relative degree of the utilization of global production network (GPN) over the domestic supply chain (DSC) in terms of 'value-added.' This paper proposes two new indicators of global integration. They are defined as the ratios of imports (foreign products) to gross output (domestic products) generated by exports and can be interpreted as the relative degrees of the utilization of GPN over DSC in terms of 'production.' Both indicators are easy to compute and can be compared between years, between countries, between industries, and between groups of industries. The paper applies the new indicators to the recent edition of the OECD's Input-Output Database. Finally, the paper shows that the recent slowdown in international trade is mostly due to the decrease in the international trade of intermediate goods, with significant implications regarding the future of global integration.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2008

Financial ratios are key indicators of an organization's financial and business conditions. Among various financial indicators, profitability, financial structure, financial activity and liquidity ratios are frequently used and analyzed. Using the structural equation modeling(SEM) technique, this study examines the structural causal relationships among key financial indicators. Data for this study are taken from complete financial statements from 142 hospitals that passed the standardization audit undertaken by the Korean Hospital Association from 1998 to 2001 for the purpose of accrediting teaching hospitals. In order to improve comparability, ratio values are standardized using the Blom's normal distribution. The final model of the SEM has four latent constructs: financial activity(total asset turnover, fixed asset turnover), liquidity(current ratio, quick ratio, collection period), financial structure(total debt to equity, long-term debt to equity, fixed assets to fund balance), and profitability(return on assets, normal profit to total assets, operating margin to gross revenue, normal profit to gross revenue). While examining several model fit indices(Chi-square (df) = 178.661 (40), likelihood ratio=4.467, RMR=.11, GFI=.849, RMSEA=.157), the final SEM we employed shows a relatively good fit. After examining the path coefficient of the constructs, the financial structure of the hospital affects the hospital's profitability in a statistically significant way. A hospital which utilizes its liabilities, more specifically fixed liabilities, and makes a stable investment decision for fixed assets was found to have a higher profitability than other hospitals. Then, the standard path coefficients were examined to directly compare the influence of variables. It was found that there were no statistically significant path coefficients among constructs. When it comes to variables, however, statistically significant relationships were found. between. financial activity and. fixed. asset turnover, and between profitability and normal profit to gross revenue. These results show that the observed variables of fixed asset turnover and normal profit to gross revenue can be used as indicators representing financial activity and profitability.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2006

지금까지 건설산업은 재무 중심의 성과측정에 주로 의존하여 왔다. 또한 성과측정시스템에 관한 연구는 대부분 프로젝트 레벨에서 이루어졌다. 그러나 최근 들어 산업 또는 기업 레벨의 성과측정 및 관리에 대한 요구가 높아지고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 건설기업들의 성과를 측정하고 서로 비교할 수 있는 지표를 개발하고, 지표들의 다양한 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 우선, 정성적, 그리고 정량적 분석 과정을 통해 지표의 타당성, 측정가능성, 비교가능성을 만족시키는 공통적인 지표체계를 도출하였다. 다음으로, 성과영역들의 가중치를 적용하여 건설기업의 성과지수를 산정하였으며, 산정된 성과지수를 이용한 상관분석, 회귀분석 등을 수행하여 성과지표의 통계적인 특성과 기초적인 인과관계를 도출하였다. 마지막으로, 이러한 분석 과정에서 도출된 다양한 결과들과 함께 계속해서 수행되어야 할 향후 연구과제를 제시하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2021

Purpose: This paper aims to determine features of the relationship between human development, tourism and national brand. Research design, data and methodology: ranking indicators, cluster analysis, K means method, correlation analysis. Results: The analysis covers data for 95 countries for 2019. The number of countries is justified by the availability of comparable data for calculations. A direct relationship between the indicators for the entire sample has been revealed in the result of the correlation analysis. However, this relationship has not been confirmed for the groups of countries that were formed through the cluster analysis. Spearman Rank Order and Kendall Tau Correlations have been calculated for the five obtained clusters. In two of the five clusters, the relationship between the indicators has not been found. A strong negative link between all the indicators has been detected in the cluster with average index values. A strong positive link between TTCI and BSI has been revealed in the group of countries with the best index values. A strong positive link between TTCI and HDI has been found in the group of countries with the worst index values. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates that there is a relationship between BSI, TTCI and HDI, and while this link is observed for the sample as a whole, it is not homogeneous for groups of countries.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analysis the financial statements of university hospitals and to apply the results to build nursing management strategies. Methods: Data on the financial statements of university hospitals were collected each hospital's homepage or internet search from February to June, 2010. Financial statements of 11 hospitals were analyzed using the 4 categories of financial ratio analysis method: liquidity, performant, growth and turnover. Results: Overall results showed that the financial status the university hospitals were unstable, and many financial indicators did not meet financial standard ratios. Only 8 financial indicators of total 19 indicators satisfied financial standard ratios. Conclusion: The results of financial statements analysis suggest that nurse managers should develop the blue ocean strategy for diversification of nursing services to improve financial ratios of liquidity, performance, and growth. Using a unit-based just-in-time system for effective supply management would help to increase profits and to decrease costs of hospital by improving financial ratios of turnover.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.426-431
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• 2011

The quality of performance evaluation on engineering consultants that provide design-related technical services is difficult to be measured, and only a handful of papers discussed the quality during the design stage. Although design cost is relatively far less than construction cost for a project, the decisions made in the design phase have a significant impact on the final products of the project, especially for large public construction projects. Therefore, this research focuses on reviewing and then establishing a performance evaluation framework for the consulting firms that execute detailed design and provide technical services for the Taipei Rapid Transit Systems (TRTS). By interviewing experts, this study first established a set of indicators to evaluate these firms' performance. Then, those indicators were incorporated into the four aspects of balanced scorecard (BSC) to establish the architecture of the evaluation mechanism. The weight of each indicator was calculated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) from a survey conducted among experts. The results showed that the top-three indicators were quantity take-off, functions conformity, and budgeting. The framework of performance evaluation established by this study can be applied to measure service performance during the design stage. It not only facilitates the monitoring of consulting firms, but also helps to reduce unnecessary change orders and disputes during the construction stage.