• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2017

목 적: 왼편 유방암 환자의 경우 오른편 유방암 환자보다 심장과 폐 등 정상장기에 불필요한 선량이 일부 조사됨에 따라 부작용이 우려되고 있다. 이를 줄이기 위해 DIBH기법을 시행하고 있다. Conventional Radiation Therapy, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy의 치료계획 방법에 따라 쇄골상 림프절과 내유 림프절을 포함한 왼편 유방암의 경우 주변 장기의 선량 값을 비교 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 왼편 유방암 환자 중 쇄골상 림프절과 내유 림프절을 포함한 환자 8명을 대상으로 Free Breathing과 Deep inspiration breath-hold 기법을 적용하여 각각 CT-Simulation을 시행한다. 획득한 영상을 기반으로 체표윤곽을 그려 95 %$D_{max}$<110 %이 되도록 Conventional Radiation Therapy, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy방법으로 계획하였다. Conventional Radiation Therapy는 쇄골상 림프절에 1문조사, 유방 부분에 접선 2문조사로 Field in Field 기법을 사용하였다. Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy는 7개의 조사면으로 구성하였다. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy은 회전반경을 $290^{\circ}{\sim}179^{\circ}$으로 한 2 ARC를 이용하여 계획을 수행하였다. Eclipse의 선량체적용적을 참고하여 주변 정상 장기 선량을 분석하였다. 결 과: Deep inspiration breath-hold기법을 적용함으로 심장과 흉벽 사이의 간격은 평균 $1.6{\pm}0.6cm$ 증가하였다. 폐의 평균 선량은 $19.2{\pm}1.0Gy$로 Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy에서 가장 작은 값이 나타났다. 심장의 $V_{30}(%)$은 $2.0{\pm}1.9$로 Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy에서 가장 작은 값이었다. 좌전하행 관상동맥에서는 평균 선량이 $25.4{\pm}5.4Gy$로 Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy에서 가장 작은 값으로 나타났다. 반대편 유방의 최대선량 값은 Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy일 때 $29.7{\pm}4.3Gy$로 가장 작은 값으로 나타났다. 결 론: 주변 정상장기 선량의 값을 비교해 보았을 때, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy와 Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy은 치료에 적용할 수 있는 값으로 나타났다. 이 중 Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy가 적합한 치료계획 방법으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 1998

관상동맥우회술은 인공심폐기 및 심근보호의 안정성으로 인공심폐기 사용하에 시행하는 것이 보편화된 방법이다. 그러나 좌전하행지 및 우관상동맥에 병소가 위치하는 경우는 인공심폐기의 사용 없이 심장이 박동하는 상태에서 관상동맥우회술을 시행하는 방법도 일부에서는 시행되어 왔으며 최근에는 최소한의 절개하에서 관상동맥우회술을 시행하는 방법도 대두되었다. 본 병원에서는 1996년 3월부터 8월까지 시행한 35례의 관상동맥우회술중 6례에서 인공심폐기를 사용하지 않고 관상동맥우회술을 시행하였다. 환자는 남자 4례와 여자 2례였으며 나이는 55세에서 76세로 평균 64세였다. 수술전 관상동맥의 병소는 6례 모두 좌전하행지에 90%이상의 협착을 보였으며 1례는 대각지가 50%, 또 다른 1례에서는 좌주관상동맥이 50%정도의 협착을 동시에 보였다. 수술에 필요한 개흉방법은 통상적인 정중흉골절개가 1례, 부분흉골절개술을 시행한 경우가 2례, 좌측전흉부를 개흉한 경우가 3례였다. 관상동맥우회술은 5례에서 좌측내흉동맥을 좌전하행지에 문합하였으며, 1례에서는 좌측내흉동맥에 요골동맥편을 단단문합한후 좌전하행지에 문합하였다. 또한 1례는 복재정맥을 이용하여 대각지에도 동시에 우회술을 시행하였다. 수술후 기관발관시간은 4시간에서 14시간으로 평균 9시간이었다. 수술에 사용한 혈액의 양은 평균 800 ml였으며 2례에서는 전혀 혈액을 사용하지 않았다. 이들중 5례에서 수술후 추적관상동맥조영술을 술후 7일에서 10일사이에 시행하여 100%의 개통율을 보였다. 결론적으로 좌전하행지나 우관상동맥에 협착이 있는 경우나 상기병소에 경피적풍선확장술이 실패한 경우에 인공심폐기를 사용하지 않고 최소한의 개흉하에 관상동맥우회술을 시행하는 것도 하나의 방법이라 사료되며 앞으로 기술적 발전과 더불어 적응대상군이 증가할 것으로 판단된다.32, 88.67$\pm$10.22 mmHg로 감소하였고 폐동맥압의 평균은 수술전에 11.4$\pm$5.68 mmHg에서 25.94$\pm$11.53, 29.67$\pm$9.31 mmHg로 증가 하였으나 모두 통계적 의의는 없었다(p>0.05). 양측 폐이식수술에서인 폐동정맥문합부위의 파열, 협착, 뒤틀림 등의 수술수기상의 문제점을 예방하면서 우측폐를 먼저 이식하면서, 폐수술시야를 충분히 확보하고, 재관류손상을 방지하는 경우 cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertention, emphysema와 같은 심한 호흡부전증 환자의 치료방법으로 적합하리라 사료된다.에서 선택수술 (elective coronary artery bypass graft)에 비하여 특별한 위험 요소의 증가 관상 동맥 우회술을 적용하여 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며 이들에 대한 장기 추적이 릴요할 된다.착군에 비하여 의미있게 작았는데 이는 아마도수술 당시 협 착 부위의 완전제거가 이루어지지 않은 것이 원인이라고 사료되었다. 본 분석에서는 어린 연령(3개월 이하), 3개월이하에 시행한 쇄골하동맥편 교약성형술이 의미있는 재협착의 위험요소로 밝혀졌다. 결론 적으로 저자등은 본연구를 통하여 대동맥협부지수, 횡대동맥 지수 등이 개개 대동맥교약 환아의 해부학 적, 임상적 특징을 파악하는데 도움이 되는 도구라는 사실을 발견하였고 아울러 교약의 해부학적 특성, 동반 심기 형, 연령, 수술방법 등이 수술사망 및 재협착에 영향한다는 사실을 입증하였다.t was resulted from increase of weight of single cocoon. "Manta"2.5ppm produced 22.2kg of cocoon. It is equal

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.174-185
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• 1980

It was my great nohour that I can be exposed to such plenty materials of the coronary bypass surgery. Here, I am summarizing the xoronary bypass surgery, clinically. The material is serial 101 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery between July 17, 1979 to November 30, 1979 in Shadyside Hospital, University of Pittsburgh. 1. Incidence of the Atherosclerosis is frequent in white, male, fiftieth who are living in industrialized country. It has been told the etiologic factor of the atherosclerosis is hereditary, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, drinking, diabetes, obesity, stress, etc. 2. The main and most frequent complication of the coronary atherosclerosis is angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is the chief cause of coronary bypass surgery and the other causes of coronary bypass surgery are obstruction of the left main coronary artery, unstable angina, papillary muscle disruption or malfunction and ventricular aneurysm complicated by coronary artery disease. 3. The preoperative clinical laboratory examination shows abnormal elevation of plasma lipid in 82 patint, plasma glucose in 40 patient, total CPK-MB in 24 patient stotal LDH in 22 patient out of 101 patient. 4. Abnormal ECG findings in preoperative examine were 29.1% myocardial infarction, 25.8% ischemia and injury, 14.6T conduction defect. 5. Also we had done Echocardiography, Tread Mill Test, Myocardial Scanning, Vectorcardiography and Lung function test to get adjunctive benefit in prediction of prognosis and accurate diagnosis. 6. The frequency of coronary atherosclerosis in main coronary arteries were LAD, RCA and Circumflex in that order. 7. The patients' main complaints which were became as etiologic factor undergoing coronary bypass surgery were angina, dyspnea, diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea and etc. 8. For the coronary bypass surgery, we used cardiopulmonary bypass machine, non-blood, diluting prime, cold cardioplegic solution and moderate cooling for the myocardial protection. 9. We got the grafted veins from Saphenous and Cephalic vein. Reversed and anastomosed between aorta and distal coronary A. using 5-0 and 7-0 prolene continuous suture. Occasionally we used internal mammary A. as an arterial blood source and anastomosed to the distal coronary A. and to side fashion. 10. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time for every graft was 43.9 min. and aortic clamp time was 23 minute. We could Rt. coronary A. bypass surgery only by stand by the cardiopulmonary machine and in the state of pumping heart. 11. Rates by the noumbers of graft were as follow : 21.8% single, 33.7% double, 26.7% triple, 13.9% quadruple, 3% quintuple and 1% was sixtuple graft. 12. combined procedures with coronary bypass surgery were 6% aneurysmectomy, 3% AVR, 1% MVR, 13% pacer implantation and 1% intraaortic ballon setting. 13. We could see the complete abolition of anginal pain after operation in 68% of patient, improvement 25.8%, no change in 3.1%, and there was unknown in 3%. 14. There were 4% immediate postoperative deaths, 13.5% some kinds of heart complication, 51.3% lung complications 33.3% pleural complications as prognosis.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2013

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the in vitro antibacterial effects of five single(Pulsatillae Radix, Patrinae Radix, Sanguisorbae Radix, Sophorae Flos, and Sophorae Radix) aqueous herbal extracts, traditionally used for treating various gynecological diseases including mastitis in Korea, against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus of aqueous extracts of Pulsatillae Radix, PatrinaeRadix, Sanguisorbae Radix, Sophorae Flos, and Sophorae Radix were detected using standard agar microdilution methods. In addition, the effects on the bacterial growth curve were also monitored at Minimal Incubation Concentration(MIC) and $MIC{\times}2$ levels. The effects on the intracellular killing and bacterial invasion of individual test materials were also observed using murine macrophage(Raw 264.7) and human mammary gland carcinoma cell(MCF-7). Results: MIC of aqueous extracts of Pulsatillae Radix, Patrinae Radix, Sanguisorbae Radix, Sophorae Flos, and Sophorae Radix against Staphylococcus aureus were detected as $0.215{\pm}0.107$ mg/ml, $0.273{\pm}0.107$ mg/ml, $0.469{\pm}0.297$ mg/ml, $11.850{\pm}8.406$ mg/ml, and $0.664{\pm}0.546$ mg/ml, respectively. MIC of Ciprofloxacin was detected as $0.469{\pm}0.297{\mu}g/ml$ at same conditions. In addition, all five single aqueous herbal extracts were also showed marked dosage-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth. The effects of intracellular killing with Raw 264.7 and inhibition of bacterial invasion with MCF-7 cells were detected, in the order of Sophorae Flos, Pulsatillae Radix, Patrinae Radix, Sanguisorbae Radix and Sophorae Radix aqueous extracts in the present study. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that all five single aqueous herbal extracts showed antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and they also showed dosage-dependent inhibitory effects on the bacterial growth. They showed the significant intracellular killing and inhibition of bacterial invasion effects. It means, all five single aqueous herbal extracts may show potent anti-infectious effects against Staphylococcus aureus for mastitis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1975

개에 자연발생(自然發生)한 다음과 같은 종양(腫瘍)을 수집(蒐集)하여, 그 육안적(肉眼的) 및 조직학적(組織學的) 소견(所見)을 검토(檢討)하고, 이에 관(關)한 간단한 고찰(考察)을 가(加)했다. 피부(皮膚) 및 피하직(皮下織)의 종양(腫瘍) : 섬유종(纖維腫), 지방종(脂肪腫), 표피성(表皮性) 낭종(囊腫), 흑색육종(黑色肉腫), 한선종(汗腺腫), 비만세포종(肥滿細胞腫)(2예(例)), 비만세포육종(肥滿細胞肉腫), 피지선암종(皮脂腺癌腫). 비장(脾臟) 및 임파절(淋巴節)의 종양(腫瘍) : 비피막(脾被膜)의 섬유육종(纖維肉腫), 비(脾)의 평활근육종(平滑筋肉腫), 임파절(淋巴節)의 임파육종(淋巴肉腫)(2예(例)). 폐장(肺臟)의 종양(腫瘍) : 기관지성암종(氣管枝性癌腫)(3예(例)), 각각(各各) 선암종형(腺癌腫型), 편평세포암종형(扁平細胞癌腫型) 및 미분화세포(未分化細胞)(원형(圓形))암종형(癌腫型). 소화관(消化管) 및 간장(肝臟)의 종양(腫瘍) : 위(胃)의 섬유종(纖維腫), 간(肝)의 혈관종(血管腫), 담관암종(膽管癌腫), 간세포암종(肝細胞癌腫), 간(肝)에 출현(出現)한 골수성백혈세포세포(骨髓性白血細胞細胞). 복막(腹膜)의 종양(腫瘍) : 섬유육종(纖維肉腫). 비뇨생식계(泌尿生殖系)의 종양(腫瘍) : 자궁(子宮)의 섬유종(纖維腫), 난소(卵巢)의 난포낭종(卵胞囊腫), 질(膣)의 전염성(傳染性) 성기종(性器腫)(6예(例)), 신암종(腎癌腫), 섭호선종(攝護腺腫)(2예(例)), 포피(包皮)의 섬유종(纖維腫), 고환(睾丸)의 정충종(精蟲腫). 유선(乳腺)의 종양(腫瘍) : 혼합종(混合腫)(2예(例)), 근상피종(筋上皮腫). 신경계(神經系)의 종양(腫瘍) : 대퇴부(大腿部)의 신경섬유육종(神經纖維肉腫).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) and cooling with misters and fans on renal function in relation to regulation of body fluids in different stages of lactation in crossbred Holstein cattle. Ten, 87.5% crossbred Holstein cattle were divided into two groups of 5 animals each, housing in a normal shaded barn (NS) and in a shaded barn with a mister-fans cooling system (MF). The experiment in each group was divided into 3 phases, early- (Day 75 postpartum), mid- (Day 135 postpartum), and late stage of lactation (Day 195 postpartum). The pre-treatment study was conducted on the starting day of each stage of lactation and the treatment study was performed after the end of the pre-treatment, during which the animal was injected with 500 mg of rbST (POSILAC) every 14 days for three times. During the study, ambient temperature at the hottest period daily in the MF barn was significantly lower, while relative humidity was higher than that of the NS barn. The temperature humidity index (THI) in both barns ranged from 79-85 throughout the periods of study. Cows in the MF barn showed a lower rectal temperature and respiration rate as compared with cows in the NS barn. The effect of rbST administration increased both rectal temperature and respiration rates of cows housed in either the NS or MF barn. Milk yield significantly increased in cows treated with rbST in all stages of lactation. Increases in mammary blood flow, accompanied by increases of total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid (ECF), blood volume (BV) and plasma volume (PV), were observed in both groups of cows receiving rbST in all stages of lactation. No alterations of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were observed in cows receiving rbST, but decreases in urinary excretion and fractional excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride ions appeared to correlate with reduction in the rate of urine flow and osmolar clearance during rbST administration. These results suggest that the effect of rbST supplementation to cows housed either in NS or MF barns on body fluid volume expansion is attributable to changes in the rate of electrolyte excretion by the kidney. The increased availability of renal tubular reabsorption of sodium, potassium and chloride ions during rbST treatment was a major factor in retaining body water through its colligative properties in exerting formation of an osmotic force mechanism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1175-1182
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• 2017

Objective: To create genetically modified goat as a biopharming source of recombinant human lacotoferrin (hLF) with transcription activator-like effector nucleases. Methods: TALENs and targeting vector were transferred into cultured fibroblasts to insert hLF cDNA in the goat beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) locus with homology-directed repair. The gene targeted efficiency was checked using sequencing and TE7I assay. The bi-allelic gene targeted colonies were isolated and confirmed with polymerase chain reaction, and used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Results: The targeted efficiency for BLG gene was approximately 10%. Among 12 Bi-allelic gene targeted colonies, five were used in first round SCNT and 4 recipients (23%) were confirmed pregnant at 30 d. In second round SCNT, 7 (53%), 4 (31%), and 3 (23%) recipients were confirmed to be pregnant by ultrasound on 30 d, 60 d, and 90 d. Conclusion: This finding signifies the combined use of TALENs and SCNT can generate biallelic knock-in fibroblasts that can be cloned in a fetus. Therefore, it might lay the foundation for transgenic hLF goat generation and possible use of their mammary gland as a bioreactor for large-scale production of recombinant hLF.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권spc1호
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• pp.25-45
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• 1996

Soyfoods have potential roles in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, most notably cancer, osteoporosis, and heart disease. There is evidence that carcinogenesis are supressed by isolated soybean derived products in vivo such as a protease inhibitor, phytic acid, saponins and isoflavones. It is believed that supplementation of human diets with soybean products markedly reduces human cancer mortality rates. Especially, recent papers recognize the potential benefit of soybean isoflavone components for reducing the risk of various cancers. Isoflavones exhibit a multitude of medicinal effects that influence cell growth and regulation, which may have potential value in the prevention and treatment of cancer. In addition to potential biological effects, soybean isoflavones have the important physiological functions such as the induction of Bradyrizobium japonicum nod genes and the responses of soybean tissues to infection by Phytophthora megasperma as well as biochemical activities such as antifungal and antibacterial actions. Genistin, daidzin, glycitin and their aglycone (genistein, daidzein, glycitein) are the principal isoflavones found in soybean. Malonyl and acetyl forms have also been detected but they are thermally unstable and are usually transformed during the processing in glucoside form. Most soy products, with the exception of soy sauce, alcohol-extracted soy protein concentrate, and soy protein isolate, have total isoflavone concentrations similar to those in the whole soybean. Soybean-containing diets inhibit mammary tumorigenesis in animal models of breast cancer, therefore, it is possible that dietary isoflavones are an important factor accounting for the lower incidence and mortality from breast cancer. Of the total soybean seed isoflavones, $80\~90\%$ were located in cotyledons, with the remainder in the hypocotyls. The hypocotyls had a higher concentrations of isoflavones on a weight basis compared with cotyledons. Isoflavone contents were influenced by genetics, crop years, and growth locations. The effect of crop year had a greater impact on the isoflavone contents than that of location. The climate condition might be the attribution factor to variation in isoflavone contents. Also, while the isoflavone content of cotyledons exhibited large variations in response to high temperature during seed development, hypocotyls showed high concentration in isoflavone content. So, it is concluded that one of the factors affecting isoflavone content in soybean seeds is temperature during seed development. High temperature, especially in maturity stage, causes lower isoflavone content in soybean seed. It is also suggested that there may exist a different mechanism to maintain isoflavone contents between cotyledon and seed hypocotyls. In a conclusion, soy foods may be able to have a significant beneficial impact on public health.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2011

Background: Maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor) is a member of the serpin superfamily. A few studies have examined the role of maspin in tumor suppression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its role in the development and progression of NSCLC still remains controversial. We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of maspin in order to elucidate its clinical significance in NSCLC. Methods: We analyzed 145 patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC, including 66 cases of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 79 cases of adenocarcinomas (ADCs). We performed a immuno-histochemical stain with maspin and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) using tissue microarray blocks. Results: There were 108 men and 37 women in the study population. The mean age of patients in the study was 63.7 years (range, 40.0~82.0; median, 65.0). The proportion of maspin expression was significantly higher in SCCs (52/66, 78.8%; p<0.01) than in ADCs (17/79, 21.5%; p<0.01). Maspin expression was not associated with PCNA (p=0.828), lymph node involvement (p=0.483), or tumor stage (p=0.216), but showed correlation with well-to-moderate tumor differentiation (p=0.012). There was no observed correlation between maspin expression and survival with NSCLC (p=0.218). Conclusion: The present study suggests that maspin expression was significantly higher in SCCs than in ADCs and was associated with low histological grade. However, maspin expression was not an independent factor to predict a prognosis in NSCLC.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2003

인체 트롬보포이에틴(hTPO)은 megakaryopoiesis 과정에 주요한 역할을 하는 사이토카인이다. 따라서 이러한 트롬보포이에틴을 유선조직에서 직접적으로 발현시키기 위하여 소 베타 카제인 프로모터, 인체 트롬보포이에틴 cDNA 및 네오유전자로 구성된 발현벡터를 구축하였다. 소 귀조직 세포로부터 유도된 섬유아세포에 lipoffctamine을 이용하여 발현벡터(pBT-L n대)의 삽입을 유도하였다. G4l8 저항성을 지닌 세포의 콜로니 형성을 유도하기 위하여 2주 이상 배양을 실시하였다. 형질전환 콜로니는 PCR에 의해 동정하였으며, 이들 콜로니를 핵치환 전까지 계속적으로 증식을 유도하였다. 형질전환 세포에 의해 재구성된 난자는 전기적인 융합과 calcium ionophore와 6-DMAP를 이용한 활성화를 실시하였으며, 체외에서 7일간 배양을 실시하였다. 총 35개의 콜로니를 PCR에 의해 분석한 결과, 이 중 29(82.9%)개가 형질전환된 콜로니였다. 형질전환된 세포로 재구성된 난자의 난할율 및 배반포로의 발달율은 65.1%와 23.8%로 나타났다. 형질전환된 세포로 재구성된 난자로부터 발달한 29개의 배반포 중 27개가 형질전환으로 확인되었다. 따라서 이러한 결과들은 형질전환 소 수정란을 형질전환된 세포를 이용한 체세포 복제 기법을 통해 효과적으로 생산할 수 있다는 것을 제시하고있다.