• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.631-638
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• 2016

Radiation proctitis is a common complication after radiotherapy for pelvic malignant tumors. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of novel almagate enemas in hemorrhagic chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) and evaluate risk factors related to rectal deep ulcer or fistula secondary to CRP. All patients underwent a colonoscopy to confirm the diagnosis of CRP and symptoms were graded. Typical endoscopic and pathological images, risk factors, and quality of life were also recorded. A total of 59 patients were enrolled. Gynecological cancers composed 93.1% of the primary malignancies. Complete or obvious reduction of bleeding was observed in 90% (53/59) patients after almagate enema. The mean score of bleeding improved from 2.17 to 0.83 (P<0.001) after the enemas. The mean response time was 12 days. No adverse effects were found. Moreover, long-term successful rate in controlling bleeding was 69% and the quality of life was dramatically improved (P=0.001). The efficacy was equivalent to rectal sucralfate, but the almagate with its antacid properties acted more rapidly than sucralfate. Furthermore, we firstly found that moderate to severe anemia was the risk factor of CRP patients who developed rectal deep ulcer or fistulas (P= 0.015). We also found abnormal hyaline-like thick wall vessels, which revealed endarteritis obliterans and the fibrosis underlying this disease. These findings indicate that almagate enema is a novel effective, rapid and well-tolerated method for hemorrhagic CRP. Moderate to severe anemia is a risk factor for deep ulceration or fistula.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2669-2673
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• 2012

Purpose: Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the most malignant tumors of the alimentary system, with relatively high incidence rates. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of two regimens for advanced pancreatic carcinoma: continuous transarterial infusion versus systemic venous chemotherapy with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil. Methods: Of the 48 patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma receiving chemotherapy with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil, 24 received the selective transarterial infusion, and 24 the systemic chemotherapy. For the continuous transarterial infusion group (experimental group), all patients received gemcitabine 1000 mg/$m^2$, given by 30-minute transarterial infusion, on day 1 of a 4-week cycle for 2 cycles, and a dose of 600 mg/$m^2$ 5-fluorouracil was infused on days 1~5 of a 4-week cycle for 2 cycles. For the systemic venous group (control group), gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil were infused through a peripheral vein, a dose of 1000 mg/$m^2$ gemcitabine being administrated over 30 min on days 1 and 8 of a 4-week cycle for 2 cycles, and a dose of 600 mg/$m^2$ 5-fluorouracil was infused on days 1~5 of a 4-week cycle for 2 cycles. The effectiveness and safety were evaluated after 2 cyclesaccording to WHO criteria. Results:The objective effective rate in transarterial group was 33.3% versus 25% in the systemic group, the difference not being significant (P=0.626). Clinical benefit rates(CBR) in the transarterial and systemic groups were 83.3% and 58.3%, respectively (P=0.014). The means and medians for survival time in transarterial group were higher than those of the systemic group (P < 0.005). at the same time, the adverse effects did not significantly differ between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Continuous transarterial infusion chemotherapy with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil could improve clinical benefit rate and survival time of patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma, compared with systemic venous chemotherapy. Since adverse effects were limited in the transarterial group, the regimen of continuous transarterial infusion chemotherapy can be used more extensively in clinical practice. A CT and MRI conventional sequence can be used for efficacy evaluation after chemotherapy in pancreatic carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7635-7638
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• 2013

Background: Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) has been recently proposed as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of several human tumors, including ovarian, cervical and breast cancers. Its clinical value remains to be clarified for endometrial cancer (EC). In this study, we investigated the utility of serum SPAG9 levels in diagnosis of EC and its association with important clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary women's referral center in Ankara, Turkey. Preoperative serum samples were collected from patients surgically treated for endometrial cancer between June 2012-April 2013. Similar aged women with a biopsy proven benign endometrium were used as controls. Serum SPAG9 levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and assessed for links with clinicopathological factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess power of SPAG9 levels for EC prediction. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 63 women with EC and 27 with benign endometrium were included in the study. Mean age in the EC group was $58.7{\pm}1.1$. Median SPAG9 levels in the EC and control groups were 18.3 (range, 12.7-53.8) and 14.1 (range, 4.3-65.3), respectively (p<0.001). A cut-off value of 17 ng/ml for SPAG9 predicted presence of malignant endometrium with 74% sensitivity and 83% specificity [Area under curve (AUC)=0.82, p<0.001]. SPAG9 levels did not demonstrate any significant association with histological type, FIGO stage, tumor grade, size, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, peritoneal cytology or lymph node status (all p>0.05). Conclusions: Testing for SPAG9 may be useful for early detection of EC in asymptomatic high-risk women. Its role in post-treatment follow-up and early detection of recurrence should be assessed in future trials.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.411-417
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• 2015

To distinguish between HCC and HH is one of the important test methods in determining the treatment method by determining the treatment method by distinguishing malignant growth and benign tumors in liver CT scan. Currently, the specialist is reading CT images by their subjective judgment. So, the purpose of this study is to treat reading the CT images even more objective way. The test times after injection contrast medium in this study are the before injection phase(Pre.), artery phase(35sec), portal phase(70sec) and delay phase(180sec). The general pattern change of HCC in change of contrast enhancement pattern shows 26.6% matching. And the case of HH shows 16.6% matching. In order to observe the change of HU value between HCC and HH, each average values and standard deviation was confirm and as a result, it shows the lagre difference between artery and portal phase in lesion.(HCC$19.76{\pm}23.52$, HH$60.23{\pm}29.43$). And it shows the 76.6% matching in HCC and 80.0% matching in HH. Thorough this study, to suggest a HU value as objective analysis method and if the anlaysis method was used in clinical will assist in the diagnosis.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.283-295
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• 1993

Pt-complexes is currently one of the most compounds used in the treatment of solid tumors. However, its used is limited by severe side effects such as renal toxicity. Our platinum-based drug discovery program is aimed at developing drugs capable of diminishing toxicity and improving antitumor activity. We synthesized new Pt (II) complex analogues containing 1, 2-diaminocyclohexane (dach) as carrier ligand and 1, 3-bis (diphenylphosphino) propane (DPPP)/1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane (DPPE) as a leaving group. Furthermore, nitrate was added to improve the solubility. A new series of (KHPC-001) [Pt (trans-1-dach)(DPPP)] $2NO_3$ and (KHPC-002) [Pt (trans-1-dach)(DPPE)] $2NO_3$ were synthesized and characterized by their elemental analysis and by various spectroscopic techniques [infrared (IR), $^{13}carbon$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)]. KHPC-001 and KHPC-002 demonstrated acceptable antitumor activity aganist P-388, L-1210 lymphocytic leukemia cells and significant activity as compared with that of cisplatin. The toxicity of KHPC-001 and KHPC-002 was found quite less than that of cisplatin using MTT, $[^3H]$ thymidine uptake and glucose consumption tests in rabbit proximal tubule cells and human kidney cortical cells.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2006

Purpose: In radiation therapy, precise calculation of dose toward malignant tumors or normal tissue would be a critical factor in determining whether the treatment would be successful. The Radiation Treatment Planning (RTP) system is one of most effective methods to make it effective to the correction of dose due to CT number through converting linear attenuation coefficient to density of the inhomogeneous tissue by means of CT based reconstruction. Materials and Methods: In this study, we carried out the measurement of CT number and calculation of mass density by using RTP system and the homemade inhomogeneous tissue Phantom and the values were obtained with reference to water. Moreover, we intended to investigate the effectiveness and accuracy for the correction of inhomogeneous tissue by the CT number through comparing the measured dose (nC) and calculated dose (Percentage Depth Dose, PDD) used CT image during radiation exposure with RTP. Results: The difference in mass density between the calculated tissue equivalent material and the true value was ranged from $0.005g/cm^3\;to\;0.069g/cm^3$. A relative error between PDD of RTP and calculated dose obtained by radiation therapy of machine ranged from -2.8 to +1.06%(effective range within 3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, we confirmed the effectiveness of correction for the inhomogeneous tissues through CT images. These results would be one of good information on the basic outline of Quality Assurance (QA) in RTP system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.701-707
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• 1997

Although many reseraches have been persued to detect the molecular tumor marker to define the cancer, ideal tumor marker which speak for the characteristics of malignancy and has high sensitivity and specificity is not known. One of the characteristics of the malignant cells is indefinite proliferative potential, in other word, immortality. The expression of telomerase and stabilization of te10meres are con omitant with the attaiunent of immortality in tumor cells; thus the measurement of telomerase activity in clinically obtained tumor samples may provide important information which would be useful as a diagnostic marker to detect immortal cancer cells. Telomerase activity was analyzed in 12 non-small cell . lung cancer cell lines and 41 primary non-small cell lung cancers with the use of a PCR-based assay. All the cell lines and the majority of tumors displayed telomerase activity, but telomerase was not detectable in most of the corresponding pathologically-normal tissues. Telomere length was not correlated with telomerase activity. The present study indicate that measurement of telomerase activity may be useful as a molecular tumor marker in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.455-461
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• 2000

Malignant tumors of the head and neck frequently require treatment with both radiotherapy and surgery. Reconstruction of the defect in previously irradiated field is a challenge to surgeon, who must produce both a functional and an esthetic result. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBO) has been used in an attempt to reduce the deleterious effects of radiation. But the issue of whether prior irradiation and HBO of the recipient site of a free flap affects the result of reconstruction continues to generate controversy. So, the effects of irradiation and hypergbaric oxygen therapy on microvascular anastomosis was evaluated in an experimental study in femoral vessels of rats. The experimental groups were divided into 3 groups, contorol group, irradiation group, and irradiation and HBO group. Preoperative irradiation was delivered in the left groin field with single dose corresponding 2,000cGy and total 48 hours of HBO was given 100% oxygen at 2.4 atmosphere for 4 weeks. The femoral vessels of 60 rats were anastomosed after irradiation and HBO treatment. Three days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after surgery, the femoral vessels were evaluated for patency and histopathologic changes. There was no notable effect of irradiation on patency of femoral vessels in rats and the radiation effects were obvious on histological examination which showed the sloughing of the endothelial cells, subintimal hyperplasia and fibrosis on the media and adventitia of femoral arteries. The histologic changes of the femoral veins were mild and not typical. But the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy after irradiation was seen not marked difference in irradiation group.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.355-362
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• 2000

Neoplastic growth is characterized by alterations of oncogenes and antioncogenes. The interaction between activated oncogenes and functional deletion of antioncogene appears to be the driving force directing normal cells to uncontrolled growth resulting in tumor. In addition to those genes mentioned, other genes controlling the entry of cells into the cell cycle have recently been implicated in cancer development. The overexpression of the cyclin D1 gene, which has been mapped to 11q13, either by gene rearrangement or amplification has been noted in various malignant tumors. The product of the cyclin D1 gene forms a complex with cyclin-dependent protein kinases(CDK4) that governs a key transition in the cell cycle. The relationships between the overexpression of cyclin D1 assessed by immunihistochemistry and the amplification of the cyclin D1 gene by differential polymerase chain reaction(DPCR) using primers for dopamin D2 receptor gene in 13 cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity have been studied. The semiquantitative assay of cyclin D1 amplification has been made by cyclin D1/dopamin D2 receptor(CD/DR) ratio. The results were as follows; 1. In the normal tissue and the tumor, the CD/DR ratios were 0.82 and 1.36 respectively. This implicates 1.65-fold amplification of cyclin D1 gene in tumor compared to that in normal tissue. 2. The tumor tissue which showed overexpression of cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry revealed 2-fold amplification of cyclin D1 compared to the normal tissue. 3. The tumor tissue which showed mild expression of cyclin D1 by immunihistochemistry revealed 1.7-fold amplification of cyclin D compared to the normal tissue. 4. The cyclin D1 was overexpressed in the tumor tissue at the rate of 38%. Above results suggest that cyclin D1 has close correlation with the development of carcinoma in the oral cavity. But further studies were needed to elucidate the carcinogeneic mechanisms by comparative studies among cyclin D1, pRb and p53.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.581-590
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• 2000

Alterations in the cellular genome affecting the expression or function of genes controlling cell growth and differentiation are considered to be the main cause of cancer. Over 30 oncogenes can be activated by insertional mutagenesis, single point mutations, chromosomal translocations and gene amplification. The ras oncogenes have been detected in $15{\sim}20%$ of human tumors that include some of the most common forms of human neoplasia and are known to acquire their transforming properties by single point mutations in two domains of their coding sequences, most commonly in codons 12 and 61. The ras gene family consists of three functional genes, N-ras, K-ras and H-ras which encode highly similar proteins of 188 or 189 amino acid residues generically known as P21. ras proteins have been shown to bind GTP and GTP, and possess intrinsic GTPase activity. Experimental study was performed to observe the mutational change of the ras gene family and apply the results to the clinical activity. 36 Golden Syrian Hamster each weighing $60{\sim}80g$ were used and painted with 0.5% DMBA by 3 times weekly on the right buccal cheek(experimental side) for 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks. Left buccal cheek (control side) was treated with mineral oil as the same manner of the right side. The hamsters were sacrificed on the 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 & 16 weeks. Normal and tumor tissues from paraffin block were completely dissected by microdissection and DNA from both tissue were isolated by proteinase K/phenol/chloroform extraction. Segments of the K-ras and H-ras gene were amplified by PCR using the oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the homologous region (codon 12 and 61) of the hamster gene, and then confirmational change of ras genes was observed by SSCP and autosequencing analysis. The results were as follows : 1. Malignant lesion could be found in the experimental side from the experimental six weeks. 2. One hamster among six showed point mutation of the H-ras codon 12($G{\rightarrow}A$ transition) at the experimental 10 and 14 weeks. 3. One of six at 6 weeks, two of six at 8 weeks and one of six at 12 weeks revealed the confirmational change of the H-ras codon 61($A{\rightarrow}T$ transversion). 4. The incidence of point mutation of H-ras codon 12 and 61 were 5.5%(2 of 36) and 11%(4 of 36) respectively. 5. Point mutation of the K-ras could not be seen during the whole experimental period. Form the above results, these findings strongly support the concept that H-ras oncogenes may have the influence of the DMBA induced carcinoma of hamster buccal pouch.