• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.453-466
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to present the clinical practice guideline of Korean medicine for malignant lymphoma.Background: Malignant lymphoma is the tenth most common cancer in Korea. The two main types of lymphoma are Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are more common, comprising nearly 95 percent of all lymphomas. In China, the traditional Chinese medicine clinical guidelines for malignant lymphoma were published in 2014. Therefore, there is growing need for a clinical practice guideline in Korea, which has not thus far existed. This clinical practice guideline was created by reviewing the Chinese clinical practice guideline and Korean clinical reports. This study will be helpful in understanding malignant lymphoma and in understanding its treatment in Korean medicine.Conclusion: Further clinical research on malignant lymphoma is needed to develop a more advanced clinical guideline.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.265-268
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• 1997

Malignant lymphoma is the tumor of immune system which is known as the most common nonepitheloid tumor of head and neck region. It is mainly found in the cervical, axillary and inguinal lymph node, but gastrointestinal tract, palatine tonsil, nasopharynx, oropharynx, nasal cavity and salivary glands may be involved. Primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland is an uncommon condition, comprising approximately 2% of all malignant lymphoma and 5% of all thyroid malignant neoplasms. Recently, we experienced a case of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland, which was histopathologically proven. So we report our findings in this patient with review of literatures.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 1998

The increasing risk of subsequent malignancy after treatment of malignant lymphoma is well known, which is mainly due to longer survival of these patients. Radiotherapy at an early stage of Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is accepted to be associated with future occurrence of secondary thyroid cancer. Nevertheless, the synchronous presentation of these malignancies is extremely rare. Well differentiated thyroid cancer, a slow-growing tumor that responds to therapy with surgery and radioactive iodine, is associated with prolonged survival. therefore, it is important to make this diagnosis in patients who show evidence of malignant lymphoma. Furthermore, appropriate treatment must be considered for thyroid cancer to improve the prognosis of these patients. We herein reported 4 cases of synchronous thyroid cancer and malignant lymphoma in patients who had not previously recieved radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 1995

Malignant lymphoma affecting the larynx is uncommon, probably accounts for less than 1 percent of malignant lesion of the larynx. Malignant lymphoma of the larynx is predominantly localized to supraglottis such as epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold. Laryngoscopy reveals a irregular submucosal mass with a smooth surface and no ulceration. Most of which belongs to non­Hodgkin's lymphoma. After it has been determined that the disease is localized, radiation therapy is the choice of the treatment. Chemotherapy with or without irradiation is reserved for more advanced tumor. Then life-long follow-up is essential. This paper deals with 5 cases malignant lymphoma of the larynx to review our clinical experience and to suggest the optimum treatment in the course of the disease.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 1998

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a severe cutaneous-systemic disorder of unknown etiology, It is represented with erythematous patches on the face in a so-called butterfly distribution, and characteristically classified as an autoimmune disease with antinuclear antibodies. The autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, $Sj{\ddot{o}}gren$ syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis have been associated with lymphoid malignancy - leukemia, malignant lymphoma - which could involve various organs(spleen, liver, brain, mediastinal lymph node, supraclavicular lymph node, inguinal lymph node, cervical lymph node etc.). Many authors have studied about the association of systemic lupus erythematosus and malignant lymphoma, but exact etiology is still unknown. A common viral etioloty for systemic lupus erythematosus has been suggested since virus-like particles have been found in the glomerular endothelium of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. These oncogenic viruses may be responsible for the higher frequency of malignant lymphoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. In the other theory, the causes of malignant lymphoma are the defect of immune system due to systemic lupus erythematosus and the long-term use of therapeutics for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. When the cellular immune system(delayed hypersensitivity) is impaired by immunosuppressive drugs, it is likely that the body is no longer able to recognize and reject malignant cells as they arise; they continue to grow and divide unhindered. The impairment of the cellular immune system may allow growth of oncogenic virus or the survival of neoplatic tissues. 47-year old female patient treated systemic lupus erythematosus with steroid and immunosuppressive drugs for 5 years visited to our hospital due to elevated mass on left upper anterior maxilla area. By performing biopsy, we diagnosed this lesion as malignant lymphoma and referred to oncologist for chemotherapy. So we report a case of malignant lymphoma due to systemic lupus erythematosus with review of literatures.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2009

Out of all oral malignant tumor, malignant lymphoma occurs in only 3.5%. Especially, most of the primary malignant lymphomas, which occur in the head & neck region are high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) marginal zone B-cell lymphoma is very rare. In the head & neck region, malignant lymphoma is reported to occur in the thyroid, salivary gland, trachea, larynx, orbital lobe and the Waldeyer's ring. Among the Waldeyer's ring, palatal tonsil is reported to be the most common region, but, only 1 case report was published in Korea. Until now, there were no case reports of MALT lymphoma that occurred in the tongue. The purpose of this case report is to report and discuss on a case of MALT lymphoma of the tongue.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.176-182
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• 1983

Malignant lymphoma in chest wall is a rare form of extranodal variety as occasionally localized tumor. The primary site is suggested from rib or soft tissue, but the incidence in rib is higher than soft tissue. The patient, a male, aged 32, noted a swelling and pain over the left lower posterior chest from 3 months prior to admission. Roentgenograms revealed bony destruction in left 9, & 19th ribs posteriorly and associated chest wall mass which was ill defined uncleared margination. Under diagnosis of malignant tumor, the operation was performed and the tumor mass resected widely with en bloc technique than the fascia lata was grafted at chest wall defect. The histology of specimen was disclosed as malignant lymphoma, non-Hodgkin`s diffuse lymphocytic poorly differentiated form. The radio-and chemotherapy were combined post-operatively and the complete remission is acquired.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2001

Background: Primary malignant lymphoma of the parotid gland is a rare disease and defined as any malignant lymphoma that first manifests in the parotid gland, regardless of the subsequent stage of the diseases, whether it arises in the parenchyma or intraglandular lymph nodes. This study was performed to review the clinicopathological characteristics of primary parotid lymphoma and identify its optimal treatment modality. Materials and Methods: Six cases with parotid mass as first presentation of malignant lymphoma between 1988 and 2000, were studied on the basis of clinical features, diagnostic tools, treatment modality, treatment outcomes, and clinical stage by Ann Arbor Criteria. All were microscopically reevaluated and classified by NCI working formulation. Results: All patients were males and mean age was 36.7 years (2-66 years). Rapid growing non-tender mass was presented in all the cases and cervical lymphnodes were palpated in 4 cases. However, there was not any evidence of concurrent autoimmune disease such as Sjogren's syndrom or Rheumatoid arthritis. One case was confirmed by surgical specimen after superficial parotidectomy, 2 by excisional biopsy, and 3 by incisional biopsy. The stage of disease by NCI working formulation was IE in 1 patient, IIE in 4 and IV in 1. All were classified into non-Hodgkin' lymphoma, of which there were 5 cases of B-cell type and 1 case of T-cell type. There were 3 diffuse large cell lymphomas, 1 Burkitt lymphoma, 1 MALT lymphoma and 1 T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. Three cases were treated by chemotherapy only, 2 by radiotherapy only and 1 by chemo-radiotherapy. One case with Burkitt lymphoma was died from the disease and one case was lost to follow-up. The others are alive with no evidence of recurrence. Conclusions: Although primary parotid lymphoma is rare and difficult to diagnose preoperatively, most were detected in early stage and showed a relatively good response to the chemotherapy or radiotherapy like other types of extranodal malignant lymphoma.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2001

Primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland is uncommon malignancies. Its fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings are rarely described in the literature. This article highlights the FNAC diagnosis of primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland. A 70-year-old female presented with a rapidly enlarging thyroid mass of five months' duration. FNAC smears showed low cellularity consisting of predominantly atypical enlarged lymphoid cells admixed with a few small lymphocytes, plasma cells, and oncocytic cells. Some disrupted lymphoid cells were also present. The tumor cells infiltrated into the thyroid follicular epithelium forming lymphoepithelial lesion, The cytologic appearance showed a diffuse mixture of cell types with only a few small, mature lymphocytes and many enlaraed lymphoid cells. The enlarged lymphoid cells were atypical and pleomorphic with nuclear clefting and irregularities. Grossly, the left lobe of the thyroid was nearly replaced by a diffuse firm to soft solid mass with smooth tan fish-flesh homogeneous cut surface. Histological diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with areas of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.820-822
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• 1998

Primary malignant lymphoma of lung is a very rare disease, only 0.34% of all malignant lymphomas. In our case, a 76 year old male patient had a solitary mass without lympha- denopathy at chest CT scan. He underwent right middle lobectomy through a posterolateral thoracotomy incision. Pathologic study confirmed a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma and chemotherapy was started by an oncologist.