• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.5031-5036
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• 2015

Background: Adrenal tumors are relatively uncommon, and have different presentations, so we decided to evaluate the clinico-pathological characteristics of benign and malignant tumors in a ten-year period. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional-analytical study was conducted on adrenal resection samples taken during 2004-2014 in three hospitals in Yazd province. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 17. Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used as appropriate Results: A total of 71 patients with adrenal tumors were analyzed, including 32 (45.1%) men and 39 (54.9%) women with an overall mean age $37.7{\pm}19.9$ (range: 6-75 years). Some 50.7% of lesions were benign and 49.3% were malignant. Neuroblastoma was the most malignant lesion (32.3%) followed by adrenocortical carcinoma (8.4%). Among the benign lesions pheochromocytoma was the most common (25.3%) followed by adrenocortical adenoma (12.6%). While 64% of tumors were functional 36% were non functional. Significant correlation was seen between the age of patient and type of tumor (P=0.001). In patients between 14-40 years old no malignant lesions was found, although under 14 years old all of the tumors were malignant. Malignant lesions mostly presented with abdominal pain, abdominal mass and anorexia (57.2%, 45.7% and 45.7%) respectively. Benign lesions mostly presented with paroxysmal hypertension, headache and abdominal pain (61.2%, 47.2% and 44.4%) respectively. Conclusions: Since the trend of adrenal tumors is on the rise based on this and other studies, suspected cases should undergo prompt hormonal and radiological assessment. Early diagnosis and treatment could prevent tumor progression and reduce mortality and morbidity rates.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.365-370
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• 1992

Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine producing tumors of neuroectoderrnal origin. Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is significant due to potentially curable hypertension. But they have a significant associated morbidity due to uncontrolled hypertension and mortality since 10% are malignant. From Aug. 1989 to Jul. 1992, 12 patients of our institution had $^{131}I-MIBG$ scan during work up of suspected primary or recurrent pheochromocytoma. In our studies conclude that $^{131}I-MIBG$ scan is recommended as the initial localizing study of choice (especially for the detection of extraadrenal disease and postoperative recurrence) as a guide for CT and/or MR and specific functional confirmation of their findings.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1978

It has been suggested that plasma renin activity (PRA) and its response to volume depletion may be abnormal in that it shows little or exaggerated change in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension. Intravenous furosemide stimulation test was performed in 46 control subjects and 51 patients with chronic renal failure and/or malignant hypertension in order to evaluate PRA response. In contrast to the consistent increase in PRA in control subjects (from $2.5{\pm}1.95\;to\;4.5{\pm}2.51ng/ml/hr$), no consistent increase was observed in patients with chronic renal failure, especially in those who showed favorable response to antihypertensive therapy (from $2.5{\pm}2.21\;to\;2.9{\pm}2.46ng/ml/hr$). But poor responder to antihypertensive treatment showed considerably higher PRA before and after furosemide stimulation (from $4.9{\pm}1.96\;to\;6.4{\pm}1.71ng/ml/hr$) than the responder group did. Moreover, this group seemed to retain the ability to increase PRA in response to intravenous furosemide stimulation. Thus it became apparent that responder group was unable to increase PRA normally in response to furosemide as well as volume depletion, while poor responder seemed to retain that ability. Thus intravenous furosemode may serve as a convenient way to differenfiate those who might be benefited by conservative antihypertensive measures from those who would require more drastic measures such as bilateral nephrectomy for their optimal blood pressure control.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 1982

The present study was undertaken to find out fasting total plasma cholesterol levels of SHR at different phases(labile, established and malignant) in the course of hypertension development and also to investigate effect of nicotine on plasma cholesterol levels of these animals. In nicotine administered group, 2.18 mg/kg nicotine was given daily for six weeks. The results obtained are as follows; 1) Mean total plasma cholesterol levels of SHR at labile, established and malignant phases were $104.6{\pm}3.1\;mg/dl$, $120.8{\pm}2.6\;mg/dl$ and $136.6{\pm}2.5\;mg/dl$ respectively. The total plasma cholesterol level generally increased with age of experimental animals. 2) After administration of nicotine (2.18 mg/kg/day) for six weeks, mean total plasma cholesterol levels of SHR at labile, established and malignant phases were $130.2{\pm}3.1\;mg/dl$, $150.4{\pm}3.3\;mg/dl$ and $166.6{\pm}3.2\;mg/dl$, respectively. The result of present study strongly suggests that nicotine has a positive relationship with plasma cholesterol levels in SHR.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2953-2957
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• 2016

Background: Breast Cancer (BCa) is the most common malignant tumour in Mexican women. In BCa, several studies have linked ${\beta}2-adrenergic$ receptor activation with increased tumour growth and progression as related with Epinephrine-NorEpinephrine (E-NE) stimulation. The aim of this study was to describe Beta-Blocker (BB) treatment related with reduction of the risk of metastasis in Mexican patients with BCa. Materials and Methods: We collected data of 120 patients seen at the High-Specialty Naval General Hospital in Mexico City (HOSGENAES), all of these with a histopathological diagnosis of BCa. Four groups of patients were divided as follows: without Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH); with SAH treatment with non-selective BB; with SAH treatment with selective BB, and with SAH treatment with other antihypertensive drugs. Chi-square, Mantel-Haenszel, Student t, and ANOVA tests were performed for data analysis. Results: On average, patients were $54.8{\pm}11.8$ years of age. Risk factors such as smoking and consuming alcohol exhibited a frequency of 33 and 36.5% respectively. Clinical stages III- IV were found in 50% of patients, while, 30% of patients had arterial hypertension (n=29 and N=96, respectively) and 17.5% used BB. One hundred percent of patients with arterial hypertension treated with BB for ${\beta}1$ - and ${\beta}2$ -adrenergic-receptors did not present metastasis globally, but patients treated with ${\beta}1$ BB presented 30% of metastasis while patients treated with no BB or without SAH had around 70% of metastasis. Conclusions: In Mexican patients with BCa and SAH treated with non-selective (${\beta}1$- and ${\beta}2-adrenergic$ receptors) BB, a decrease in the risk for metastasis was observed at the time of diagnosis.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.229-233
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• 2003

Mortality and morbidity of malignant hyperthermia has decreased markedly by the avoidance of succinylcholine, and the earlier detection and introduction of dantrolene. We report a fourteen-year-old boy who developed malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia. He showed the earlier clinical signs, such as elevation of end-tidal $CO_2$, tachycardia, and hypertension. After prompt administration of dantrolene, operation was continued with profopol and midazolam. Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria followed, and were managed by hydration and alkalinization of urine. Azotemia did not occur, and he was discharged without any sequelae on the $10^{th}$ postoperative day.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.81-84
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• 1978

A 15 years Old girl was admitted with chief complaints of intermittent claudication of lower extremity, dizziness, and headache for 5 years. On admission, malignant hypertension was noted in the upper part of body [190-150/120-110] but femoral & dorsalis pedis pulse could not palpate. Once she had experienced C. V. A. due to hypertension of upper part, about years ago. On auscultation, systolic murmur was audible along the left sternal border. E.C.G. Showed left ventricular hypertrophy pattern, and others within normal limit. Retrograde aortography demonstrated diffuse narrowing of entire thoracic aorta with underdeveloped lower abdominal aorta [below the renal artery] & both common lilac artery, and rich collaterals, but normally visualized greater arteries in the aortic arch. On left posterolasteral thoracotomy, entire descending thoracic aorta revealed marked narrowing with mild perivascular adhesion, but no mediastinal pleura adhesion. These findings suggest as congenital type of atypical coarctation in the entire thoracic aorta with mild secondary change. But histopathology was showed the findings of chronic non-specific aortitis, later. Dacron by pass graft was performed with end to side anastomosis between graft and aortic wall. After operation, all her preoperative symptoms & signs were disappeared, and discharged with good general condition.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1179-1183
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• 2000

Objective : The treatment of malignant posttraumatic brain swelling remains a frustrating endeavor for neurosurgeon. Mortality and morbidity rates remain high depite advances in medical treatment of increased intracranial pressure. If conventional therapy fails in patients suffering from intracranial hypertension, there is only small number of second-tier option left including decompressive craniectomy. The role of decompressive craniectomy in posttraumatic brain swelling remains controversial. We assessed the efficacy and indications of decompressive craniectomy. Methods : The authors performed decompressive bifrontotemporal craniectomy in 22 patients with malignant posttraumatic brain swelling. Epidural pressure monotoring was performed in all patients. The clnical data and surgical outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. Result : The favorable outcome(GOS score 4-5) was 59%(13 of 22 patients), whereas the mortality rate was 32% (7 of 22 patients). Two patients(9%) remained in severely disabled state. Increased rate of favorable outcome was seen in the patients who had 8 or more of GCS score at admission and exhibited B wave in ICP monitoring and who showed steady state or slow deterioration in clinical course. Conclusion : If conservative therapy fails, decompressive bifrontotemporal craniectomy should be considered in the management of malignant posttraumatic brain swelling before irreversible ischemic brain damage occur.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.387-401
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• 2020

Radiomics and deep learning have recently gained attention in the imaging assessment of various liver diseases. Recent research has demonstrated the potential utility of radiomics and deep learning in staging liver fibroses, detecting portal hypertension, characterizing focal hepatic lesions, prognosticating malignant hepatic tumors, and segmenting the liver and liver tumors. In this review, we outline the basic technical aspects of radiomics and deep learning and summarize recent investigations of the application of these techniques in liver disease.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2022

Objective: Percutaneous portal vein (PV) stent placement can be an effective treatment for symptoms associated with portal hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PV stenting on the overall survival (OS) in patients with malignant PV stenosis. Materials and Methods: Two groups of patients with malignant PV stenosis were compared in this retrospective study involving two institutions. A total of 197 patients who underwent PV stenting between November 2016 and August 2019 were established as the stent group, whereas 29 patients with PV stenosis who were treated conservatively between July 2013 and October 2016 constituted the no-stent group. OS was compared between the two groups before and after propensity score matching (PSM). Risk factors associated with OS were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Procedure-associated adverse events were also evaluated. Results: The stent group finally included 100 patients (median age, 65 [interquartile range, 58-71] years; 64 male). The no-stent group included 22 patients (69 [61-75] years, 13 male). Stent placement was successful in 95% of attempted cases, and the 1- and 2-year stent occlusion-free survival rate was 56% (95% confidence interval, 45%-69%) and 44% (32%-60%), respectively. The median stent occlusion-free survival time was 176 (interquartile range, 70-440) days. OS was significantly longer in the stent group than in the no-stent group (median 294 vs. 87 days, p < 0.001 before PSM, p = 0.011 after PSM). The 1- and 3-year OS rates before PSM were 40% and 11%, respectively, in the stent group. The 1-year OS rate after PSM was 32% and 5% in the stent and no-stent groups, respectively. Anemia requiring transfusion (n = 2) and acute thrombosis necessitating re-stenting (n = 1) occurred in three patients in the stent group within 1 week. Conclusion: Percutaneous placement of a PV stent may be effective in improving OS in patients with malignant PV stenosis.