• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2007

A representative group of 38 improved basmati lines including maintainers of sterile lines were studied for genetic diversity utilizing Mahalanobis $D^2$ statistics. A wide diversity was observed having ten clusters with high intra- and inter-cluster distance. Heterosis was estimated utilizing the cytoplasmic male sterile lines from the clusters having high intra- and inter-cluster distance. Highly heterotic hybrids were obtained from the hybridization programme. Cross combinations IR68281A/Pusa 1235-95-73-1-1, IR68281A/RP 3644-41-9-5, Pusa 3A/UPR 2268-4-1, IR 68281A/Pusa Basmati-1, IR68281A/BTCE 10-98, and IR58025A/HKR 97-401 were found to be highly heterotic for grain yield/plant with other agronomic and quality traits. Additionally, a positive association of intra-cluster distance with heterosis was observed, which could be utilized as a guideline for predicting heterosis in basmati hybrid rice breeding program. Also, a positive association between inter-cluster distance and heterosis was observed.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1998

Three different male-sterile cytoplasmic lines and their common maintainer 'Zhenshan 97B' and two elite restorer lines were used to study cytoplasmic effects on agronomic trait manifestation per se under different nitrogen supply levels. The result showed that cytoplasmic effects could be modified by nitrogen environments. The cytoplasmic effect on grain yield under 150 kg N/ha varied depending on crosses, while it was significantly negative in most crosses under both 60 and 330 kg N/ha. The correlation and path-coefficient analyses suggested that it was expected to improve cytoplasmic effects through reducing maximum tillers and increasing the percentage of productive tillers, leading to increased productive tillers and higher yield in hybrid rice by the aid of cultural practice and genetic transformation. This study also revealed that the same cytoplasm in different combinations had differential effect under the same nitrogen environment, indicating that cytoplasmic effect was produced by interaction of nuclear genes with cytoplasm rather than cytoplasm per se. These results indicated the usefulness of evaluating diverse cytoplasmic sources in various nuclear genotypes bred for hybrid rice breeding program. The finding also suggested that negative cytoplasmic effect could be effectively overcome by elite restorer lines through the interaction of nuclear genes with female cytoplasm.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.166-171
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• 1998

In order to improve the efficiency of F$_1$ hybrid seeds production(KF 114), some experiments were carried out in a greenhouse this year. Mother plant(MSNC567) and pollen plant(NC) were grown in some pots (30 x 30cm, WxH). The gathered pollens were mixed with celite, pollen deluent dusts and stored in refrigerator at l$0^{\circ}C$ before pollination. To establish the critical range of the mixed rate and the storage period of pollens, the change in a percent of capsule set, number of seed and seed weight per capsule, weight of 1000 seeds and germination percent of seed resulted of pollination with pollen deluent dusts were investigated. The results are as follows; Percent of capsule set showed the mixed rate 1:5 resulted in no difference and those of 1:10 and 1:20 decreased about 5 ～15% when compared with trials using pollen alone. There was no difference among duration of storage in a same mixed rate. Numbers of seed per capsule showed a significant difference among the mixed rates and among durations of storage. Numbers of seed per capsule were decreased about 55 ～ 90 % as the mixed rate increase, about 2 ～ 28 % as the duration of storage increase. Weight of seed per capsule decreased about 16 ～ 23 % as the duration increase and decreased about 3 ～ 89 % as the mixed rate increase when compared with trials using pollen alone. Weight of 1000 seeds showed non significant difference among duration of storage but were higher than trials used pollen alone as the mixed rate increase.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1980

영남작물 시험장에서는 우리 나라 남부지방의 답이작에 적합한 조숙 안전 다수성 보리 신품종을 보다 효율적으로 육성하기 위하여 1975년부터 보리의 웅성불임을 이용한 누환선발육종을 실시한 결과 1978년에 보리의 순환선발집단인 RSPYB#1을 육성하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 갈다. 1. 집단육성에 이용된 재료는 미국 California 와 Idaho 및 Montana 지방에서 육성된 Composite cross F_2 집단과 우리 나라 육성계통의 혼합집단을 사용 하였다. 2. 집단육성 과정에서 각 Cycle의 F_1 세대에서는 종자증식만 하고 F_2 세대에서는 웅성불임과 웅성임성을 인공교배 하였다. 3. 웅성불임 재료에 우리 나라 육성계통의 혼합집합이 2회 교잡되므로서 이론적으로 75%의 적응률을 가졌으며 남부지방의 답이작하에서 그 Cycle 이 반복되어 왔으므로 답이작에 대한 적응도가 높은 것으로 인정된다. 4. 각 Cycle의 F_2 세대에서는 우량개체를 주별로 선발하였고 선발된 계통은 계통 육종법에 따라 재배하였으며 유망한 계통은 생산력 검정시험에 공시하여 수량과 특성을 검정하였다. 5. 보리순환선발집단 RSPYB# 1에서 선발된 계통들은 기존장여 품종들에 비하여 조숙 다수성으로 답이작에 적응도가 높은 경향이었다. 6. 보리순환선발집단 RSPYB# 1은 Cycle이 진전될수록 답이작에 더욱 우수한 계통들이 선거될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 1996

수수류 청예용 품종 육성의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 1986과 1987년에 수수 및 수단그래스 유전자원의 특성조사를 실시한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 공시된 수수 유전자원의 개화기 및 초고의 변이폭은 사료용 수수, 수단그래스, 종실용 수수 순으로 켰으며, 평균 개화기는 수단그래스 및 종실용 수수가 빠른 편이었고, 사료용 수수는 늦은 편이었으며, 평균 초고는 사료용 수수 270 cm, 수단그래스 220 cm, 종실용 수수 120 cm 순으로 높았다. 2. 식물체색은 사료용 및 종실용 수수에서는 자주색이, 수단그래스에서는 옅은 갈색이 많이 나타났으며, 엽신의 중늑색은 모든 계통이 대부분 연록색이었으나 수단그래스에서는 흰색도 많이 나타났다. 3. 유의 색은 사료용 수수에서는 검정색과 자주색, 수단그래스에서는 갈색, 종실용 수수에서는 검정색이 대부분이었으나, 종피색은 사료용 수수에서는 갈색이, 종실용 수수에서는 노란색과 흰색이, 수단그래스에서는 갈색이 대부분이었다. 4. 이삭의 형태와 밀도는 사료용 수수에서는 산직립형부터 반편수형까지 나타났으며 수단그래스에서는 극산원잡형과 극산직립형이 대부분이었고, 종실용 수수는 밀수타원형이 대부분이었다. 5. 나실의 근피성 정도는 사료용 수수와 종실용 수수는 종실이 영으로 약간 덮혀 있거나 반이하 정도로 덮혀 있는 것이, 수단그래스는 종실이 영으로 완전히 덮혀 있거나 반 이상 덮혀 있는 것들이 대부분이었으며, 평균 100립중은 종실용 수수가 2.3 g, 수단그래스는 1.1 g이 었다. 6. 이상의 결과에서 공시된 웅성불임 종실형 수수와 수단그래스는 개화기가 유사하고, 초고에 차이가 크며 잎, 줄기, 이삭 및 종실 특성이 현저하게 달라서 청예용 수수류 교잡종 육성을 위한 모본으로 이용할 수 있으리라 기대된다.되지 않았으며, 또한 회분은 세 시기 모두 계통간 성분변이 폭이 좁아 NIRS에 의한 분석이 어려울 것으로 판단되었다. 나타났다.다. 6. 파종 10일후 묘의 생육에 있어서도 1대잡종벼가 양친이나 비교품종보다 건물중, 초장 등에서 잡종강세를 나타내었으며 묘의 생육과 a-amylase 활성간에는 유의한 정의상관이 있었다./TEX>, RH 50%)한 벼는 2년반 저장한 벼도 밥맛의 변화가 거의 없었다. 5. 1988년산 및 1989년산 일반계를 10분도와 12분도로 도정하였을 때 도정도에 따른 밥맛의 차이는 없었다.X>$CoO_x$는 $Co_3O_4$로 존재하고, 반응 전의 경우에는 이와는 다른 chemical state를 보여주었다. XRD 및 XPS 결과를 바탕으로, 촉매표면에 존재하는 $Co_3O_4$의 외부표면이 $Co_2TiO_4$와 $CoTiO_3$ 같은 $CoTiO_x$로 encapsulation되어 있는 모델구조를 제안할 수 있고, 이는 반응시간의 함수로 나타나는 촉매활성에 있어서 전이영역의 존재를 잘 설명할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, XRD와 XPS에서 얻어진 촉매의 물리화학적인 특성을 잘 반영할 수 있다. 나타냈고, 골격근과 눈 조직에서 피루브산에 대한 LDH의 친화력이 상당히 크므로 LDH가 혐기적 조건에서 효율적으로 기능을 하는 것으로 사료된다.5) and "Cleanliness of clothes ＆ features" (p ＜0.05) of VIP ward were significantly higher than those of a general ward.tive to apply.아울러 고려(考慮)해야 한다. 이것은 고무기술자(技術者)

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 1985

The objectives of present study is to investigate genetic damage of radiation in mammalian male germ cell and. to establish available screening method for determining genetic hazard by radiation. Several methods were employed to measure the genetic damage of radiation as follows: Sperm head counts, frequency occurrence of sperm with abnormal head shape, fertility, activity of LDH-X, and the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (U.D.S.) in male mouse were performed with the passing of time after irradiation by making use of the sequence of event that occurs during spermatogenesis. Sperm head counts and activity of LDH-X in testes were gradually reduced by increased radiation dose and with the passing of the time after irradiation. Frequency occurrence of sperm with abnormal head shape, sterile period, and the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis were increased by increased radiation dose. It is suggested that since germ cell is a direct reflection of genetic complement, the use of male germ cell is rapid and convenient method for measuring genetic damage by radiation.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.228-231
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• 1983

웅성불임기술을 이용한 침파리구제시 방산밀도는 야외밀도의 10배는 되어야 하기 때문에 일시적이기는 하지만 필요없이 방산되어 피해를 주는 자성충의 수를 줄이기 위해서는 용시기에 효과적인 성식별방법의 확립이 필요하다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 침파리의 용무게 및 크기를 조사하여 성식별을 실시하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 용체중과 제장은 웅충보다 자충이 무겁고 길었으며 용의 체장과 폭간에는 높은 상관이 있었다. 2. 용의 체장과 성충의 흉폭간에도 유의성이 있었다. 3. 자웅용의 체장과 체중의 평균치는 중립수를 이용하여 성식별를 한다면 체장의 경우는 1.4배, 체중에서는 2.2배의 웅성을 취득할 수 있겠다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.416-422
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• 2005

We previously used Southern blot analysis to detect restriction-length polymorphisms between male fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) cytoplasms at the coxII and atp6 loci of the mtDNA of Capsicum annuum L. Two copies of atp6 were found in each male fertile and CMS pepper lines. Interestingly, one of the copies of atp6 in CMS pepper was a 3'-truncated pseudogene. The open reading frame of the coxII gene was the same in the fertile (N-) and CMS (S-) lines. However, the nucleotide sequence in the S-cytoplasm diverged from that in the N-cytoplasm 41 bp downstream of the stop codon. To develop CMS-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, inverse PCR was performed to characterize the nucleotide sequences of the 5' and 3' flanking regions of mitochondrial atp6 and coxII from the cytoplasms of male fertile (N-) and CMS (S-) pepper plants. Based on these data, two CMS-specific SCAR markers, 607 and 708 bp long, were developed to distinguish N-cytoplasm from S-cytoplasm by PCR. The CMS-specific PCR bands were verified for 20 cultivars containing either N- or S-cytoplasm. PCR amplification of CMS-specific mitochondrial nucleotide sequences will allow quick and reliable identification of the cytoplasmic types of individual plants at the seedling stage, and assessment of the purity of $F_1$ seed lots. The strategy used in this report for identifying CMS-specific markers could be adopted for many other crops where CMS is used for F1 seed production.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2008

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), one of the most important traits in crop breeding, has been used for commercial seed production by $F_1$ hybrid cultivars of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). To develop reliable molecular markers for allelic selection of the Restorer-of-fertility (Rf) gene, which is known to be a major determinant of pollen fertility restoration in peppers, a sequence of approximately 10 kb flanking an RAPD fragment closely linked to the Rf locus was obtained by genome walking. A homology search revealed that this sequence contained an LTR retrotransposon and a non-LTR LINE-like retrotransposon. Sequencing of this Rf-linked region to search for polymorphisms between a dominant and recessive allele revealed 98% nucleotide sequence identity between them. A third polymorphic haplotype of the Rf-linked sequence, which has 94-96% nucleotide sequence identity with the two previously isolated haplotypes, was identified among a large number of breeding lines. Utilizing polymorphic sequences in the haplotypes, PCR markers were developed for selection of particular haplotypes and used to examine the distribution of the haplotypes in diverse breeding lines, cultivars, and C. annuum germplasms. Surprisingly, the third haplotype was the predominant type in C. annuum germplasms, while its frequency in $F_1$ hybrid cultivars was relatively low. Meanwhile, analysis of breeding lines whose Rf allele genotypes and male-sterility phenotypes were already known revealed that the third haplotype was mainly present in exotic breeding lines that cause unstable male-sterility when combined with sterile cytoplasms.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.347-351
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• 2000

Rye has been a major winter forage crop in Korea. Varietal improvement of rye has been practiced either by hybrid or population breeding systems. Hybrid breeding offers important advantages over population breeding since it is normally a cross-pollinated crop. The hybrid breeding in rye has been possible since cytoplasmically inherited forms of male sterility (CMS) and corresponding nuclear restorer genes were found. The objectives of this research were to develop the maintainer and restorer lines of Korean inbred lines and to estimate the effect of 'Pampa' type of CMS cytoplasm on yield and its related characteristics. For easy discrimination of male-sterile status of plants, anther scoring and the restore index system in which seed-setting and pollen quantity of viability were taken into account were established. High significant correlation between pollen quantity and pollen viability was found. For "Pampa" cytoplasm, four of 14 Korean inbred lines tested turned out to be a maintainer but no restorer was found. But for "235b" CMS cytoplasm, seven inbred lines acted as complete restorers. The Korean inbred rye lines acted mainly as maintainers in "Pampa" cytoplasm but acted mainly as restorer in "235b" cytoplasm. The 'Pampa' cytoplasm inducing male sterility reduced cohn length and plant height and increased the number of tiller, so forage yield and grain yield were enhanced. However, heading date was slightly delayed compared to the normal cytoplasm.elayed compared to the normal cytoplasm.