• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.345-355
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• 1999

This study was intended to provide basic information for nutrition education and meal planning by evaluating the nutritional status, food habits, and food preference of elementary school children with school lunch program and without school lunch program(lunch box). The subjects of this study consisted of 266 elementary school children aged from 10 to 12(136 male, 130 female) in Ulsan the area. The survey was conducted by questionnaires and data were analyzed by SPSS program. The average body weight was $38.4{\pm}6.9kg$ for boys and $36.8{\pm}7.4kg$ for girls and the average heights was $141.3{\pm}5.6cm$ for boys and $141.2{\pm}5.7cm$ for girls. These values were lower than that of the Korean reference. 56.0% of the subjects skip breakfast 1 to 2 times a week, 58.2% of the subjects had prejudice for special food, such as bean, anchovy, and pork. The food habit scores of the subjects was divided into poor(11.7%), fair(63.5%), and good(24.8%). The average score of girl's was significantly(p<150) higher than that of the boy's. Compare to 1/3 of RDA for children, the average intake of nutrients provided lower amounts of all nutrients. Therefore Calcium and vitamin A intakes were especially lower than the others. Therefore the importance of milk and green vegetables must be emphsized to them through nutrition education. Children preferred ssalbab to jabkogbab and liked beef-based soup, and baechu kimchi. There were significant differences in food habit scores with gender, parent's education, and exercise. The results of this study indicate that nutrition education and menu planning program should be applied to elementary school children who are served by the school lunch program.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.695-704
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand the elderly's attitudes toward dating and remarriage, as well as how they are influenced by their relationships with their children, and to categorize the attitudes toward dating and remarriage, and examine each type's characteristics. The results are as follows: 1. Widowed elderly were positive towards dating and remarriage, and were more positive towards dating than towards remarriage. 2. The influence of the relationships with the elderly's children was bigger on remarriage than on dating. 3. Among the typology of attitudes, 'pro-dating/anti-remarriage' group had the most participants, and 'anti-dating/anti-remarriage' group had the least participants. 4. It is worth noting that 'anti-dating/pro-remarriage' group had distinctly different characteristics compared to 'pro-dating/anti-remarriage' group, as was with "pro-dating/pro-remarriage" group and 'anti-dating/anti-remarriage' group. To elaborate, those who belonged to 'anti-dating/pro-remarriage' group were younger, mostly male, relatively highly educated, had weaker emotional ties with children, and got the least help. In contrast, the members of 'pro-dating/anti-remarriage' group were older, overwhelmingly female, and vast majority of them were lowly educated. Also, they had stronger emotional ties with the children, and got the most help. 'Anti-dating/anti-remarriage' group and 'pro-dating/pro-remarriage' group showed a contrast in the intensity of emotional ties with their children. The former was the strongest in emotional ties, and got a considerable amount of help, while the latter was weaker in emotional ties and got less help.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 1975

The third year dental caries survey of "K" primary school children was performed in June 1975, and evaluated their transitional trends of three consecutive past years, statistically. 1,421 children (782 boys and 639 girls) 6 to 12 years of age was surveyed at the third year. The results were as follows: 1) The average df person rate was 89.97%(boy 88.19%, girl 92.42%). It showed significant increment(P<0.005) compare to 1973 and nonsignificant to 1974. 2) The average dft index was 3.82(boy 3.76, girl 3.90). It showed nonsignificant difference compare to 1973 and 1974. 3) The average DMF person rate was 66.57%(boy 63.84%, girl 69.89%). It showed significant decrement(P<0.005) compare to 1973 and 1974. 4) The average DMFT index was 2.03(boy 1.88, girl 2.20). It showed significant decrement(P<0.005) compare to 1973 and 1974. 5) The sexual difference of df and DMF person rates, female showed a little higher value than male. It showed significant difference(P<0.005). 6) The increment of df and DMF person rates, the 7 to 8 year group showed the most and the 7 to 8 year group showed the least.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1164-1171
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• 1999

In this study, we investigated the effects of obesity index on the risk factors of chronic diseases in obese children. The subjects were male and female children aged 9 to 12. The average obesity index was 147.7$\pm$13.8% in boys and 147.6$\pm$16.5% in girls. The average percentages of body fat was significantly higher in boys(33.9$\pm$5.7%) than in girls(30.7$\pm$4.4%). It was found that 26% of subjects had abnormal serum GOT and GPT values. Percentages of subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD) based on corresponding criteria of TG, T chol, HDL chol, and LDL chol were 28.6%, 28.6%, 45.5% and 42.7%, respectively. The risk of CVD was increased with the degree of obesity, which was not significant. The AI(atherogenic index) was higher in boys(4.6$\pm$2.3) than in girls(3.6$\pm$1.2). The serum T chol and LDL chol levels of subjects whose mother are in thirties were significantly higher than those of subjects whose mother are in fourties. The T chol levels of subjects who had mother with job were significantly higher compaired to those of subjects who had housewife mother. The results indicated the urgent need of nu tritional management for the obese children to prevent further devel opment of childhood obesity and hyperlipidemia. Based upon this study, devising method and media for the mother nutritional education as well as for the children nutritional education is required for better growth and health promotion of primary school children.

• 대한피부과학회지
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2018

Background: Herpes zoster is a common dermatologic disorder. However, it rarely occurs in children and adolescents in Gwangju-Jeonnam province. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological features and clinical characteristics of herpes zoster in children and adolescents. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted on patients who visited the department of dermatology of Chosun University Hospital in Gwangju-Jeonnam province within the past 8 years. The medical records of 103 patients aged <18 years were reviewed. We analyzed for age, gender, accompanying symptoms, dermatomal distribution, underlying disease, treatment, and complications with serologic test. Results: The male-to-female ratio of the participants was 1.08:1, and their mean age was 13.0 years. Underlying diseases were observed in 3% (3/102) of the patients. The most common dermatomal distribution was thoracic dermatome (34%), followed by trigeminal (26%), cervical (20%), lumbar (15%), and non-skin (6%). The most common accompanying symptoms were headache (10%), fever (3%), and myalgia (3%). No difference was observed between patients who were varicella-zoster virus (VZV) IgM-positive and those who were VZV IgM-negative in terms of dermatome, visual analogue scale (VAS), severity, and body mass index (BMI). Conclusion: In children and adolescents with herpes zoster, the gender ratio and dermatomal distribution were similar to those previously reported, except for the low rate of underlying diseases. The incidence of herpes zoster in children was not significantly associated with immunosuppression and underlying diseases. Higher VZV IgM titer was not associated with dermatomal distribution, higher VAS score, or BMI. This study first compared the serological test results of children.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.425-429
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to identify the whether there is any correlation between Gross Motor Function Measures (GMFM) and Functional independence Measurement for children (WeeFIM) in order to identify a relevance of daily life motor with gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Subjects were instructed to evaluated by an occupational therapist using WeeFIM (reliability 0.83-0.99) and by a physical therapist using GMFM (reliability 0.93). 10 male children and 13 female children among 23 children being diagnosed as cerebral palsy were targeted for this study. A correlation between GMFM and WeeFIM was analyzed with Kendall correlation. Results: Participants showed significant correlation between GMFM and WeeFIM in all categories, except in the GMFM's walking running jumping category, standing category of GMFM and self care, sphincter control, communication category of WeeFIM. Lying rolling and sitting and crawling kneeling area of GMFM showed a significant correlation with self care(r=0.35, 0.39, 0.4), sphincter control (r=0.45, 0.43, 0.61), mobility transfer (r=0.44, 0.36, 0.64), locomotion (r=0.41, 0.35, 0.74), communication (r=0.4, 0.44, 0.51), and social cognition (r=0.43, 0.51, 0.64) area of WeeFIM (p<0.05). Standing of GMFM and mobility transfer (r=0.74), locomotion (r=0.47) and social cognition (r=0.4) area of WeeFIM showed a significant correlation (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicated significant correlation between activity of daily living (ADL) and gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy. However, because there are a few results that are not significant, both assessment tools should be used for evaluations so that treatment can be achieved with an accurate assessment and establish a therapeutic plan.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.179-191
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• 1998

The satisfaction of elementary school children and their parents with the school lunch program by foodservice system was assessed by questionnaire. 787 (347 male, 417 female) 5th grade elementary school children and 761 parents participated. Foodservice systems of the schools were of 4 types : central/commissary ; satellite /commissary ; conventional/contracted ; and delivery/contracted. The most joyful mealtime for children was identified as lunch because of eating with friends. Satiety and leftovers after lunch varied according to the foodservice system. For example , there was less satiety in the contracted system and more leftovers in the delivery system than in the others, Foods tasted better in the commissary system than in the contracted one. The contacted system , especially the delivery/contracted system, was poor for keeping rice and soup hot. The children's food habits such as eating a greater variety of foods and good table manner were improved through the school munch program. Most parents well understood the main purpose of the school lunch program to be a source of education on nutrition and table manner, as well as a way in which to provide the same meals to all students and save the time & work needed to prepare home lunches. Parents claimed that hygiene, taste, good nutrition and food amount should be improved. This was especially true for hygiene in the commissary system and taste in the contracted system. Furthermore, they stressed that better taste and hygiene are the most important criteria for good school foodservice systems. In conclusion, parents wanted the school lunch program should be selected with consideration of children's preference such as by periodical food preference tests. A nutrition education program should also be provided to correct bad food habits of childrens.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1998

목 적 : A형 간염은 수년동안 거의 발생 보고가 없었으나 최근 경인지역에서 A형 간염 발생이 증가하였다고 보고되고 있으며, 소아에서도 대전에서 집단 발생이 보고된 바가 있다. 이는 사회경제적으로 발전하고 주거환경이 좋아지면서 소아에서의 A형 간염에 대한 항체 보유율이 낮아진 결과, 감염원에 노출된 연장아와 성인에서 현증 감염이 증가된 것으로 추측된다. 이에 저자들은 경인 지역에서 건강한 소아의 A형 간염 항체 보유율을 조사하여 A형 간염의 역학적 특성을 이해하는데 도움이 되고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 경인 지역의 l세 76명의 유아와 3세 78명 및 5세 58명의 유아원생과 11세, 13세, 15세, 17세의 초중고생 각각 100명씩을 채혈하였고 혈청을 분리하여 $-80^{\circ}C$에 보관하였다가 Abbott사의 AxSYM$^{(R)}$ HAVAB(Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay : MEIA)를 이용하여 anti-HAV를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 1) 전부 612명을 검사하였고 남아 316, 여아 296명으로 남녀의 비는 1.1 : 1이었다. 2) 1세군에서는 10.5%(남아 6례, 여아 2 례)에서 anti-HAV가 양성이었고, 3, 5, 11, 13세 군에서는 전부 anti-HAV가 음성이었으며, 15세 군에는 6%(남학생 4례, 여학생 2례)에서 anti-HAV가 양성이었고, 17세 군에서는 11 %(남학생 7례, 여학생 4례)에서 양성이었으며 남녀간의 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 경인 지역의 유아 및 학동기 소아에서 A형 간염 항체가 거의 형성되어 있지 않으므로 감염자와의 접촉이나 오염된 음식들을 통해 학동기 소아에서의 현증 환자 발생의 위험이 있어, A형 간염에 대한 관심을 가지고 진료에 임하는 것이 필요하며 예방 방법에 대한 지침이 만들어져야 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2011

Branchial cleft anomalies are the second most common head and neck congenital lesions seen in children. Amongst the branchial cleft malformations, second cleft lesions account for 95 % of the branchial anomalies. This article analyzes all the cases of second branchial cleft anomalies operated on at Seoul National University Hospital from September 1995 to February 2011. We analyzed sex, age, symptom and sign, accompanied anomaly, diagnosis, treatment, pathologic report and outcome via retrospective review of medical records. In this series, we had 61 patients (27 female and 34 male). The mean age at the time of operation was 38 months. 31 lesions were on the right, 20 were on the left and 10 were bilateral. The most frequent chief complaints at presentation were non-tender mass and cervical opening without any discharge. According to anatomic type, 29 patients had branchial cleft sinuses, 14 had cysts, 14 had fistulas and 4 had skin tags. Complete excision was attempted if possible and antibiotics challenged when infection was suspected. Complete excision was achieved in 96.7 % of cases. Incision and drainage was done in 2 cases due to severe inflammation, and both recurred. Postoperative complications included wound infection in 2 cases. Microscopic examonation revealed squamous epithelium in 90.2 % and squamous metaplasia in one case in the branchial cleft cyst wall. In summary, second branchial anomaly is found more frequently on right side of neck. Fistulas are diagnosed earlier than cystic forms. Most cases could be diagnosed by physical examination. The definitive treatment is complete excision and sufficient antibiotics coverage for cases with inflammation. After drainage of infected lesions, follow up excision after 1 year might be beneficial for preventing recurrence.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2009

본 연구는 초등학생의 구강증상 경험 및 구강건강행위와 구강건강상태를 파악하여, 구강보건교육프로그램의 기초자료를 제공하고자 화성시에 위치한 초등학교 1, 4학년 학생 215명을 대상으로 구강검진 및 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료를 SPSS Win 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 아동의 영구치우식유병자율은 57.2%이었으며, 성별로는 남학생 61.1%, 여학생 53.3%가 우식치아를 보유하고 있었고, 학년별로는 1학년 56.0%, 4학년 58.1%가 우식치아를 보유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 성별에 따른 구강증상경험 중 '잇몸에서 피가 난다'고 응답한 남학생은 15.7%이었고, 여학생은 28.0%로 성별에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 3. 학년별에 따른 구강증상 경험 중 '차가운 음식을 먹을 때 이가 시리다'고 응답한 4학년생이 19.4%, 1학년생은 8.8%로 학년별 유의한 차이를 보였다.(p<0.05). 4. 학년별에 따른 구강건강행위 중 1일 잇솔질 횟수(p<0.05), 1일 간식섭취 횟수(p<0.05), 치과내원 경험(p<0.01)이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 5. 구강건강행위 중 잇솔질 횟수는 2회가 50.2%로 가장 많았으며, 1일 간식섭취 횟수는 2회(70.2%), 불소함유 치약사용은 사용한다(60.9%), 치과내원 경험은 있다(60.0%)는 응답이 가장 높게 나타났다.