• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.562-573
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate children and their mothers'purchasing behaviors for children's clothing. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to 640 students(5, 6th graders) and their mothers in the elementary schools in Seoul; 517 were used for the data analysis. Most children wanted to have clothing when they feel not having proper clothing to wear. When parents purchased a clothing, female students more actively expressed her opinion than male students. The comfort was the most important criteria by children about new clothing, and children most complained of monotonous style for their clothing after using the clothing. Mothers usually bought children clothing in changing season. The most important evaluatived criterion was design. The lower level of mothers'clothing interest had less complain than other groups about children's clothing.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.631-642
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• 2007

This study was an investigation of obesity, food habits and daily nutrient intakes of the 4th grade elementary school students in daejeon. A total of 148 children(male:71, female:77) participated in the study. We classified the subjects into normal group and obese group according to the grade of obesity indices by body fat ratio(BFR), 70% of the male and 31% of the female were obese group. The average height, weight were $140.1{\pm}4.9cm$, $33.0{\pm}3.6kg$(obese group), $141.9{\pm}5.7cm$, $42.0{\pm}3.6kg$(normal group) for the male, $141.2{\pm}6.4cm$, $42.4{\pm}6.2kg$(obese group), $139.5{\pm}6.4cm$, $33.0{\pm}4.5kg$(normal group) for the female. Weight showed a noticeable increase in the obese group, but height was not statistically significant. In dietary habits, it wasn't statistically significant but male obese group showed statistically increase in terms of eating fast(p>0.05) and eating snacks before sleeping(p>0.01) and female obese group was higher in frequency of eating out a month than normal group. Energy intakes of obese group was more than normal group and the average intakes of Vit. A, folic acid, Ca, were below the RI. The average intakes of vit A, vit C, folic acid, Ca, were also below the RI in normal group. The average intakes of vit A, folic acid, Ca, Fe were below the RI in female. Especially in female the intake of Ca was only 53.6%(obese group), 56.4%(normal group) of RI. From these results, we knew prevalence of obesity in elementary school students were high and obese groups were high in energy intakes but low in essential nutrients. Therefore we have to try to prevent and treat childhood obesity. So nutrition education of balanced diet and good dietary habits is needed for elementary school students.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between pet ownership and asthma symptoms in Korean children. Methods: This study used data from the 8th Panel Study on Korean Children in 2015. For the final study, 1598 cases were used. Wheezing as an asthma symptom was self-reported as an outcome variable. Whether children had owned dogs or cats or not was used as an independent variable. Results: A total of 6.8% of children lived with dogs and 2.1% of children lived with cats in their homes. There were 4.0% of children who had asthma symptoms in the past year. When comparing 'children who had owned dogs for more than 12 months' with 'children who had not owned dogs', the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for 'asthma symptoms' were 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-1.30) among male children and 2.19 (95% CI, 1.94-2.46) among female children. When comparing 'children who had owned cats for more than 12 months' with 'children who had not owned cats', the adjusted ORs for 'asthma symptoms' were 38.94 (95% CI, 35.55-42.65) among male children and 5.32 (95% CI, 4.60-6.16) among female children. When comparing 'children who had owned both dogs and cats for more than 12 months' with 'children who had not owned at all', the adjusted OR for 'asthma symptoms' was 13.22 (95% CI, 11.93-14.65), and when comparing 'children who had owned cats only' with 'children who had not owned at all', the adjusted OR for 'asthma symptoms' was 9.25 (95% CI, 8.50-10.08). Conclusions: As a result, children's asthma symptoms were higher in the case of cats than with dogs, and in the case of cats, boys were more at risk than girls. In the analysis for the risk of asthma symptoms when a dog and a cat are raised at the same time, it was statistically confirmed that the children in the home were more at risk than with single animal ownership. The results of this study can be considered to be of great importance in policy-making and for the use of educational materials in the field of environmental health.

• 아동학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.189-205
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• 2006

Gender role flexibility in social and non-social situations across 4 areas of gender-role concepts(appearance, activities, occupations, and personality traits) were studied in 74 1st, 3rd, and 5th grade children. They were interviewed with 16 pictures depicting cross-gender characteristics. Children showed higher flexibility in social than in non-social situations. In social situations, children justified cross-gender characteristics in all 4 areas of gender-role concept. In non-social situations, children showed (a) highest flexibility in occupations and lowest in appearance, (b) lower flexibility toward male than female target children, (c) peak flexibility at age 8, then remaining the same except for appearance, and (d) higher flexibility in girls than in boys. In social and non-social situations children gave variable justifications for flexibility.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.3013-3019
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• 2014

현대 지식정보사회에서 있어서, 한 나라의 국력은 IT 산업에 달려있다. 또한, 개인차원에 있어서도 IT 기술의 소양과 활용은 한 개인의 삶을 윤택하게 해준다. 현재 뛰어난 인재 몇 사람이 전체 IT 산업과 학계를 주도하고 있다. 따라서 정보영재 아동을 조기에 발굴하고 양육하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문의 목적은 정보영재아동의 성별 차이를 분석하고 조사하는 것이다. 특히 본 논문에서는 성별에 따른 성적차이에 관심을 두고, 프로그래밍 능력과 논리적 사고력을 중심으로 비교하였다. 성별차이분석을 위해서 서울지역의 대학부설 영재원의 정보영재아를 대상으로 하였으며, 8년 동안의 성적을 조사 및 분석하였다. 분석결과는 남녀 정보영재학생들 간에 있어서 프로그래밍 능력과 논리적 사고력에 유의미한 차이가 없음을 보여주었다. 이는 남녀 학생들 간의 성적차이가 없음을 의미한다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.129-146
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• 2006

본 연구는 아동의 성별과 출생순위, 형제간 성별구성에 따라 형제관계, 부모애착과 또래애착에 차이가 있는지 알아보고, 한 아동의 부모애착과 형제관계의 질, 그리고 또래애착 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 인천지역에 거주하는 초등학교 4학년과 6학년에 재학 중인 679명을 대상으로, 아동의 형제관계와 부모애착, 또래애착에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료는 SPSS WIN 10.0프로그램에서 신뢰계수(Cronbach's ${\alpha}$), t검증, 편상관관계를 이용하여 분석하였다. 수집된 자료를 분석한 결과, 첫째 아동의 성별과 출생순위에 따라 형제관계의 질과 부모애착 및 또래애착은 부분적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 맏이 남아와 맏이 여아 모두 동성(同性)의 동생을 둔 집단이 이성(異性)의 동생을 둔 집단보다 동생에게 온정, 친밀감을 높게 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 남아와 여아 모두 여아를 손위형제로 두었을 경우 주변인과의 관계를 긍정적으로 지각하는 정도가 높았다. 넷째, 부모에 대한 애착이 높을수록 형제관계의 질은 긍정적이었고, 부모에 대한 애착이 높고 형제관계의 질이 긍정적일수록 또래에 대한 애착도 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.141-151
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• 1999

This study investigated the relationships between parental child-rearing practices in early childhood and the perceived self-efficacy of college students. Subjects were 322 students attending 4-year universities. The sample was 66.1% female and had a mean age of 19.9 years. Research was conducted using questionnaires and descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, t-tests were used for data description and analysis. The major findings were as follows: 1) The difference between boys and girls in terms of parental child-rearing practices perceived by children was found. Girls perceived their parents’child-rearing practices as being more positive in early childhood than those of boys. 2) The difference between male and female students in terms of the level of the self efficacy was not found. 3) The difference between paternal and maternal child-rearing practices perceived by children was found. Children perceived maternal child-rearing practices as being more positive in early childhood than paternal child-rearing practices. 4) Parental child-rearing practices in early childhood was rebated to the self-efficacy of college students. Children who perceived their parents’child-rearing practices as being more positive in early childhood had a higher level of self-efficacy. The results support the importance of parental child-rearing practices in early childhood on the developmental pathways of children.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2007

2005년 3월부터 2006년 4월까지 어린이 74명(남 47, 여 27, 1-4세)을 대상으로 식품에 대한 IgE 특이 항체량을 검사하였다. 알레르기 증상을 나타낸 어린이의 연령은 영 유아(0-3세)가 34명, 4-6세가 24명, 7-9세가 8명, 10세 이상이 8명으로, 나이가 어릴수록 알레르기 증상을 보이는 어린이가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 검사한 어린이가 21종류의 식품 중 3종류, 4종류, 5종류의 식품에 반응을 보인 어린이는 각각 10명, 21명, 15명으로 나타났다. IgE 항체반응에서 class 2 미만으로 나타난 어린이의 식품은 콩 28명, 우유 29명, 치즈 21명, 난백 7명, 돼지고기 18명으로 나타났고 class 2 이상은 콩 20명, 우유 17명, 치즈 24명, 난백 20명, 돼지고기 21명으로 나타나 이러한 식품들이 주로 식품 알레르기와 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 가족력에서는 알레르기 증상을 나타낸 비율이 남아는 45.5%, 여아는 50%로 절반 정도로 나타났고, 가족 중 알레르기 질병의 병력은 아토피 피부염은 26%, 아토피 비염은 10.5%,아토피 피부염과 아토피 비염은 31.5%, 두드러기 21.0%, 천식 10.5%이었다. 섭식력은 모유와 분유를 혼합하여 섭취한 어린이가 분유만 섭취한 어린이, 모유만 섭취한 어린이보다 높았다. 알레르기 유발식품으로 제한하는 식품은 계란과 우유 12.5%, 우유 2.5%, 계란 10.0%등이었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.265-277
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• 2018

이 연구는 양적인 증가 및 사회적으로 중요도가 높은 1인가구 노인의 성별에 따른 우울 영향요인을 비동거자녀 지원에 초점을 두어 살펴보았다. 2014년 노인실태조사자료의 65세 이상 1인가구 노인 2,354명(남자 407명, 여자 1,947명)을 대상으로 성별로 사회인구학적 특성, 건강수준 및 행태, 친인척 및 친구관계, 여가 및 사회활동, 비동거자녀 지원 및 지원유형에 따른 우울 분포와 우울에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 비교분석하였다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 1인가구 남성노인은 도구적일상생활수행능력, 주관적건강상태, 친구 수, 여성노인은 주관적건강상태, 친구 수, 현재 일하는 여부, 만성질환수, 비동거자녀의 정서적 지원 등이 우울에 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 비동거자녀의 정서적 지원은 1인가구 남녀노인의 우울에 차이를 보이는 주요 요인으로 향후 1인가구 노인의 차별화된 정신건강증진 방안 마련 시 고려되어야 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1975

The maximum breathing capacity (MBC) and the maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMF) are widely used in evaluation of the ventilatory function, among various parameters of pulmonary function. The MBC volume is the amount of gas which can be exchanged per unit time during maximal voluntary hyperventilation. Performance of this test, unlike that of single breath maneuvers, is affected by the integrity of the respiratory bellows as a whole including such factors are respiratory muscle blood supply, fatigue, and progressive trapping of air. Because of this, the MBC and its relation to ventilatory requirement correlates more closely with subjective dyspnea than does any other test. The MMF is the average flow rate during expiration of the middle 50% of the vital capacity. The MMF is a measurement of a fast vital capacity related to the time required for the maneuver and the MMF relates much better to other dynamic tests of ventilatory function and to dyspnea than total vital capacity, because the MMF reflects the effective volume, or gas per unit of time. Therefore, it is important to have a prediction formula with one can compute the normal value for the subject and the compare with the measured value. However, the formulas for prediction of both MBC and MMF of the Korean children and adolescents are not yet available in the present. Hence, present investigation was attempt to derive the formulas for prediction of both MBC and MMF of the Korean children and adolescents. MBC and MMF were measured in 1,037 healthy Korean children and adolescents (1,035 male and 1,002 female) whose ages ranged from 8 to 18 years. A spirometer (9L, Collins) was used for the measurement of MBC and MMF. Both MBC and MMF were measured 3times in a standing position and the highest values were used. For measurement, the $CO_2$ absorber and sadd valve were removed from the spirometer in order to reduce the resistance in the breathing circuit and the subject was asked to breathe as fast and deeply as possible for 12 seconds in MBC and to exhale completely as fast as possible after maximum inspiration for MMF. During the measurement, investigator stood by the subject to give a constant encouragement. All the measured values were subsequently converted to values at BTPS. The formulas for MBC and MMF were derived by a manner similar to those for Baldwin et al (1949) and Im (1965) as function of age and BSA or age and height. The prediction formulas for MBC (L/min, BTPS) and MMF (L/min, BTPS) of the Korean children and adolescents as derived in this investigation are as follows: For male, MBC=[41.70+{$2.69{\times}Age(years)$}]${\times}BSA$ $(m^{2})$ MBC=[0.083+{$0.045{\times}Age(years)$}]${\times}Ht$ (cm) For female, MBC=[45.53+{$1.55{\times}Age(years)$}]${\times}BSA$ $(m^2)$ MBC=[0.189+{$0.029{\times}Age(years)$}]${\times}Ht$ (cm) For male, MMF= [0.544+{$0.066{\times}Age(years)$}]${\times}Ht$ (cm) For female, MMF=[0.416+{$0.064{\times}Age(years)$}]${\times}Ht$ (cm)