• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.731-738
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge, practice, and awareness toward oral health in the special school teachers. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 133 teachers in special education schools in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungbuk, and Jeonbuk. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS WIN 12.0 for frequency, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test(post hoc test), and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results : In oral health knowledge, the average score of female teachers was 8.31 in comparison to 7.75 in male teachers(p<.05). In oral health practice, the average score of female teachers was 3.71 and that of male teachers was 3.69. In oral health awareness, the average score of female teachers was 4.12 and male teachers had 3.93. The teachers in special schools had a close positive correlation between oral health awareness and practice(r=.448, p<.05). Conclusions : The teachers tended to have better knowledge of oral health but they did not practice the oral health behavior. The teachers have the important role in oral health management for the disabled children by providing the right toothbrushing method.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.486-495
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and to examine the eating habits of elementary school students in Kwangju. The study was carried out on 931 students(male : 454, female : 477) in September and October of 1996. The results are summarized as follows ; Obesity was defined as body mass index(BMI) that exceeds 20. The rate of obesity was 10.0%(male 4.7$\%$, female 5.3$\%$) in subjects. Subjects were divided into 3 groups : normal group(BMI〈20), mildly obese group(20〈BMI〈25), and moderatly obese group(25〈BMI〈30), respectively. With regard to frequency of skipping breakfast, 9.1$\%$ of normal children and 17.5$\%$ of mildly obese children and 33.3$\%$ of moderately obese children had skipping every morning(p$\ll$0.001). With regard to the regularity of meal time, 62.1$\%$ of normal children had ‘regular meals’but 58.0$\%$ of mild obese children and 50.0$\%$ of moderate obese children had‘irregular meals’(p$\ll$0.05). With regard to meal volume, obese children consumed much more meal volume than normal children(breakfast p$\ll$0.001, lunch p〈0.005, dinner p$\ll$0.001). With regard to try to lose weight, 22.9$\%$ of normal children and 55.6$\%$ of mild obese children and 83.3$\%$ of moderated obese children indicated they had attempted(p$\ll$0.001). The results of this study showed that the prevalence of obesity in elementary school students in Kwangju has a tendency to be increased. Obese children need to correct their eating habits. This reasserts the importance of nutrition education in children through teachers, parents and dietitians. The findings of this study should be applied to nutrition education to ensure better physical fitness of children. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 486-495, 1997)

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.181-189
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• 1984

1,840 school children aged 6 to 13 years who live in inland area in CHOONG CHUNG BUK DO were surveyed epidemiologically on the dental caries prevalence. The results were as follows; 1. The prevalence of dental carries was 76.35 percentage in male, 76.15 percentage in female, and 76.25 percentage in both sexes. 2. d.m.f rate was 77.72 percentage in male, 80.07 percentage in female, and 78.86 percentage in both sexes. D.M.F rate was 30.73 percentage in male, 38.52 percentage in female, and 34.51 percentage in both sexes. 3. d.m.f.t. rate and index was 27.94 percentage,2.55T, and d.m.f.s. rate & index was 13.62 percentage, 6.22T. 4. D.M.F.T rate & index in permanent teeth was 4.86 percentage,0.72T, and D.M.F.S. rate & index was 1.20 percentage,0.89T. 5. The filling rate was 3.90 percentage in decidious teeth, 2,00 percentage in permanent teeth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

This study was designed to explore problem solving process to earth science area by elementary science gifted children, which compared and analyzed the questionnaires and problem solving to earth science area by gifted Science education center, Seoul National University Of Education, The analyzed results showed difference by gender that in the science study level at the time of entrance to the gifted Science education center, male students was the highest in the middle school as 37.5%, and female students in the elementary 6th grade as 61.5%. And male students were investigated to do more precedent study than female students. Secondly, in the problem solving process of earth science related problems, males made most use of problem solving process area(30.3%), and females symbolizing (27.5%) area. Thirdly, comparison of reasoning technology in problem solving process by gender indicated that both sexes made the most use of analytical reasoning (male 62.0%, female 53.6%) to solve problems.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-27
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• 1987

Mass electrocardiographic (ECG) examination was performed on 13,801 children (male 7,526 and female 6,275) of elementary and middle school in Taegu from May 1. 1986. to April 30. 1987. We read their ECG according to the "Pediatric Electrocardiography." The results were as following; The Incidence of ECG abnormality was 1.05%(male 1.3% and female 0.75%). Fifty eight children (0.42%) had atrial and ventricular hypertrophy; two right atrial hypertrophy, five left atrial hypertrophy, thirty five fight ventricular hypertrophy and sixteen left ventricular hypertrophy respectively. Ectopic beats occurred in 25 children (0.18%) ; They were atrial in 12 children, ventricular in 8 children and junctional in 5 children. There were 62 children (0.45%) of conduction disturbance ; They were first degree atrioventricular (A-V) block in 21 children, type I second degree A-V block in 1 child, A-V dissociation in 1 child, right bundle branch block in 36 children, left bundle branch block in 1 child and WPW syndrome in 2 children. Nonspecific ST, T changes and sinus tachycardia were found in 3 and one children respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1604-1611
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• 2013

The purpose is to figure out the effects of education for environmental pollution prevention through forest experiences on children's nature-friendly attitudes and scientific problem solving ability. To achieve this, an experiment was conducted on total 44 kindergarten children in a class for 5-year-olds, who are classified into experimental group of 22 children(12 male children, 10 female children) and comparative group of 22 children(13 male children, 9 female children), in a C farming village. The results are as follows. First, the change of children's nature-friendly attitudes by group showed that education for environmental pollution prevention through forest experiences had an effect on the improvement of children's nature-friendly attitudes. Second, the change of children's scientific problem solving ability by group showed that education for environmental pollution prevention through forest experiences had an effect on the improvement of children's scientific problem solving ability. This implies that children's forest activities are useful in improving their nature-friendly attitudes and scientific problem solving ability.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.362-370
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• 2007

The study was designed to assess the effect of iron and cereal supplementation on children's iron nutritional status in social welfare institutions. Dietary survey was carried out methods of food weighing and record by interview (n=74). A nutritional intervention study was carried out through supplementing iron supplements and cereal for 4 weeks in 4-12 years old children. Children received daily 40 mg elemental Fe as iron protein succinylate (n=23) and 3.6 mg elemental Fe as 100 g cereal (n=24), respectively. Blood samples were drawn before and after supplementation. Nutrients which children's intake was less than two-thirds of the RDA were vitamin A, vitamin B-1, vitamin B-2, calcium and iron. The mean daily intake of iron was 5.1 mg for male and 4.9 mg for female, and 52.3% for male and 45.4% for female of Korean RDA. The proportion of children with iron depletion assessed by TIBC (> 360 ${\mu}g$/dl) and serum ferritin (< 20 ng/ml) were 56.6% and 58.7%, respectively. The proportion of children with the iron deficient erythropoiesis assessed by serum iron (< 70 ${\mu}g$/dl), Hb (< 12 g/dl), Hct (< 36%) were 76.0%, 58.7%, 64.0%, respectively. After iron supplements treatment, Hb (p<0.001), Hct(p<0.001), serum iron (p<0.001), transferrin saturation (p<0.001) and serum ferritin (p<0.Ol) increase significantly and only TIBC decreased slightly. After cereal supplementation, in anemic children, Hct (p<0.001), serum iron (p<0.001) and transferrin saturation (p<0.001) were significantly increased. The effect of iron supplements and cereal supplementation in children with iron deficient erythropoiesis were more effective to improve the iron nutritional status than children with iron depletion. It was concluded that cereal supplementation program in anemic children was also effective to improve iron nutritional status.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 1985

This study was designed to investigate the nutritional anemic state and hematological findings of children, aged 11 and 12 years, living in Haenam Koon (living at home) and in Mokpo City (living in an orphan asylum) located in Chonnam. The mean red blood cell number of male was higher than female in both groups of living in the rural area and in the city orphan asylum (p<0.01), but the white blood cell count was not significantly different. The levels of average hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the children in both groups were similar, and 19.8% of children living at home in the rural area and 32.1% of children living in the city orphan asylum were anemic. The mean levels of serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio in children of both group were not statistically different, and 18.4% of children living at home in the rural area and 13.2% of children living in the city orphan asylum were insufficient in the serum total protein value. The average serum cholesterol level of children living at home in the rural area was higher than that of children living in the city orphan asylum(p<0.01), and that of female living at home was higher than that of male (p<0.05). The mean levels of serum iron, total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation of children living at home in the rural area were significantly higher than those of children living in the city orphan asylum (p<0.01).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in Korean children and adolescents using representative samples and questionnaires. Methods: A survey involving the interview of 10-, 12-, and 15-year-old children and adolescents regarding the symptoms of TMD was conducted as a part of the 2010 National Oral Health Surveys. The study population included 18,112 subjects (male, 9,734; female, 8,378). The interview involved three questions related to the symptoms of TMD. The prevalence of symptoms of TMD, correlation of the symptoms with sex and age, and the difference in the number of symptoms according to sex and age were analyzed. Results: Among the symptoms of TMD in children and adolescents, the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds during mouth opening was 13.0%, while those of TMJ pain and limitation were 3.1% and 4.3%, respectively. While the prevalence of TMJ sounds during mouth opening did not show any statistically significant difference between the sexes, the rates of prevalence of TMJ pain and limitation of mouth opening in were higher in the female subjects than the male (p<0.05). It was also observed that the older the subjects, the higher the prevalence of TMJ sounds, TMJ pain, and limitation of mouth opening (p<0.05). The number of symptoms of TMD was found to be increased among female subjects as well as the older ones (p<0.05). Conclusions: There are variations in the prevalence of symptoms of TMD among Korean children and adolescents according to sex and age, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. It is necessary to conduct a national cohort study to evaluate the risk factors for TMD in children and adolescents.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to observe the children's perception for divorce remarriage and resilience according to their gender and school grades so that the relation between children's resilience and the perception for parents' divorce and remarriage could be established theoretically, practically and educationally. The subjects were 537 elementary school students who were in 4, 5, 6 grades, The data was collected by a self-administered socio-demographics and children's perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience. The data from this research were analyzed by using SAS program. The results were as following: 1. The female students had the positive perceptions about divorce even if there was no statistical significant differences in the perception between male and female students, and the more optimistic ideas towards divorce also apply to the higher grade students rather than the lower grade ones. 2. The female students showed more positive perceptions for remarriage more than the male did. There was no statistical significant difference in the general idea about remarriage according to the school grades, but in terms of the absence of children and the financial status, the statistical significant differences existed. 3. The students' resilience was higher in the females rather than in the males and became lower with the grade. 4. There were no relations between divorce remarriage and children's resilience degrees. As mentioned above, the students' perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience expressed differently according to genders and school grades. The result of this study can be used for the counseling and developing the programs for the families which experience divorce and remarriage.