• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 1992

DDVP, malathion and diazinon ECs which differ in chemical compositions and moisture contents were formulated with nine emulsifiers, three solvents(xylene, cyclohexanone and DMF) and epichlorohydrin. For the studies of decomposition characteristics, these technicals and ECs were subjected to the test under elevated temperature at $54^{\circ}C$ for 15 days and $38^{\circ}C$ for 90 days respectively. DDVP technical was rapidly decomposed in early stage of thermoaccelerated test at $54^{\circ}C$, but the decomposition rate slowed down with time. As for malathion and diazinon technicals, the longer they were incubated, the more decomposed. The decomposed AI in ECs increased with solvent polarity. The increment of moisture content in ECs accelerated the decomposition of AI, and that was remarkable especially in diazinon ECs. Addition of emulsifiers increased the moisture content to be accelerated the decomposition of AI, but the decomposition of AI was more affected by the kind of emulsifier than by the moisture content of emulsifier, Stabilizing effect by epichlorohydrin was distingished in malathion and diazinon ECs, but there was no effect in other solvent-based formulation except xylene.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.449-454
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• 1996

Cytogenetic effects of malathion and parathion, the organophosphorus pesticides were studied on goat lymphocytes in culture. The mitotic indices (% of blast cells + cells at metaphase) of goat lymphocytes showed corresponding decrease with the increase in dose of pesticides. Malathion had significant effect only at $150{\mu}g/ml$ or higher dosages while, parathion caused antimitotic effects even at the lowest dose ($5{\mu}g/ml$) tested. The clastogenic effects of malathion were significant ($p{\leq}0.05$) at $100{\mu}g/ml$. In higher doses, the effects were highly significant ($p{\leq}0.01$). The frequency of metaphase plates with chromosomal abnormalities were highest (22.0%) at $200{\mu}g/ml$. The incidences of chromosomal abnormalities were significant ($p{\leq}0.05$) in parathion treated series even at $5{\mu}g/ml$ dose level. At $10{\mu}g/ml$ or higher dose levels the difference between treatment groups and controls were more pronounced ($p{\leq}0.01$). Various types of chromosomal abnormalities were encountered in goat lymphocytes treated by malathion and parathion. However, the incidence of gaps, breaks, acentric fragments, dicentric chromosomes were higher than other types of structural and numerical abnormalities.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 1995

This study was carried out to compare the acute toxicity(96hr) of 13 chemicals to carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and israeli carp (Cyprinus israeli carpio L.) and the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in israeli carp exposed to five insecticides (diazinon, malathion, carbofuran, cartap, methomyl). $LC_{50}$ values of acute toxicity of the chemicals to israeli carp were endosulfan 0.0061ppm, captafol 0.041ppm, chlorothalonil 0.073ppm, butachlor 0.48ppm, captan 0.14ppm, carbofuran 1.13ppm, cartap 1.15ppm, diazinon 1.35ppm, nitrofen 3.72ppm, methomyl 4.39ppm, propanil 10.61ppm, malathion 11.78ppm and isoprothiolane 12.81ppm. The acute toxicity of endosulfan 0.0061ppm was 2100 times higher than that of isoprothiolane 12.81ppm. $LC_{50}$ values of acute toxicity of the chemicals to carp were endosulfan 0.0026ppm, captafol 0.062ppm, chlorothalonil 0.078ppm, captan 0.14ppm, and butachlor 0.47ppm, carbofuran 0.52ppm, nitrofen 0.58ppm, diazinon 0.81ppm, cartap 0.82ppm, methomyl 5.03ppm, propanil 10.67ppm, malathion 11.92ppm, and isoprothiolane 13.20ppm. The acute toxicity of endosulfan was 5,000 times higher than that of isoprothiolane. The toxicity of diazinon, carbofuran, cartap, endosulfan, and nitrofen to carp was approximately 2-6 times as high as that to israeli carp, but the toxicity of malathion, methomyl and captafol to israeli carp was slightly higher than that to carp. AchE activity was inhibited by 31% and 52% after 96hr’s exposure of israeli carp to diazinon and malathion respectively. GST activity in israeli carp was significantly induced by methomyl exposure for 96 hr.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 1989

살균제 Captan, 살충제 Diazinon, MEP, Malathion 및 EPN 의 단독 처리 그리고 Captan 반복처리와 이들 살충제와 서로 다른 조합으로의 동시적, 시간적 복합처리가 E. coli WP2S(uvrA-, trp-) 균주의 돌연변이유발 빈도 및 생잔율에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Captan, Diazinon, MEP, Malathion, EPN 및 UV 의 동시적 복합처리는 이들 농약의 단독 처리에서 보다 E. coli WP2S (uvrA-, trp-)균주의 돌연변이유발빈도가 높았고 이들 농약의 단독처리효과를 합한 가산적 영향으로 나타났으며, 동일조건하에서 이들 농약의 처리농도를 배로 늘렸을 때는 배가효과를 보였으나 이 균주의 증가된 돌연변이 유발빈도는 cinnamaldehyde 30ng 및 60ng/ml 그리고 tannic acid 50ng/ml 배지로 각각 첨가했을 때 감소되었고 생잔율은 증가되었다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.418-422
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• 1984

In order to determine the removal efficiency of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by washing processes, samples of lettuce, young Chinese radish, Chinese cabbage, green red pepper, strawberry and grape were artificially contaminated with malathion and washed according to the household practices. After three times washings with water, the remaining ratios of malathion residues in grape, green red pepper, strawberry, young Chinese radish, lettuce and Chinese cabbage were 9.7%, 25.2%, 28.0%, 29.7%, 38.9% and 57.5%, respectively. After washing with detergent solution followed by two times rinsing with water, the remaining ratios of malathion residues in the same food samples were 1.6%, 8.3%, 15.8%, 24.8%, 27.2% and 45.9%, respectively. The removal efficiency of malathion by detergent washing was significantly higher than the water washings only. The removal ratio of malathion residues was the highest in the first washing and the ratio fell greatly in the following washings. The removal efficiency was not quite different in the temperature range of $5-35^{\circ}C$ of the washing solution, but the efficiency at $100^{\circ}C$ was 2-3 times higher than other temperature ranges.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.314-317
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 백탄과 흑탄에서 농약의 제거 능력을 비교하였고, 연속 실험을 통하여 시간의 경과에 따른 농약의 제거율 변화를 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 실험에 사용된 농약은 Simazine, Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Butachlor, Malathion이다. 회분식 실험 결과에 따르면, 흑탄과 백탄 양을 0.1g, 1g, 10g, 50g씩 증가시킬수록 각 농약 성분의 제거율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 농약성분에 따른 제거율을 보면, Malathion과 Butachlor는 혹탄에서 상대적으로 잘 제거가 되는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 Diazinon은 흑탄의 회분식 실험, 연속식 실험 모두 상대적으로 낮은 제거율을 보였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2016

Background: Workers in pesticide manufacturing industries are constantly exposed to pesticides. Genetic biomonitoring provides an early identification of potential cancer and genetic diseases in exposed populations. The objectives of this biomonitoring study were to assess DNA damage through comet assay in blood samples collected from industry workers and compare these results with those of classical analytical techniques used for complete blood count analysis. Methods: Samples from controls (n = 20) and exposed workers (n = 38) from an industrial area in Multan, Pakistan, were subjected to various tests. Malathion residues in blood samples were measured by gas chromatography. Results: The exposed workers who were employed in the pesticide manufacturing industry for a longer period (i.e., 13-25 years) had significantly higher DNA tail length ($7.04{\mu}m$) than the controls ($0.94{\mu}m$). Workers in the exposed group also had higher white blood cell and red blood cell counts, and lower levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, and mean corpuscular volume in comparison with normal levels for these parameters. Malathion was not detected in the control group. However, in the exposed group, 72% of whole blood samples had malathion with a mean value of 0.14 mg/L (range 0.01-0.31 mg/L). Conclusion: We found a strong correlation ($R^2=0.91$) between DNA damage in terms of tail length and malathion concentration in blood. Intensive efforts and trainings are thus required to build awareness about safety practices and to change industrial workers' attitude to prevent harmful environmental and anthropogenic effects.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.17-24
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• 1987

Changes in cholinesterase (ChE) activity, electrophoretic pattern of ChE and histopathologic state on the mice serum, brain and liver by administration of organophos-phorous insecticides were studied. The mice ChE activities on serum, brain and liver decreased by increasing of concentration and time both administration of malathion and DDVP, whereas on serum and brain the activities of the 7 days after administration decreased, and then presented the gradually slight recovery in course of time. The ChE on serum and liver showed many isozyme bands by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis but several on brain. And isozyme bands disappeared and diffused by administration of organophosphorous insecticides and development of time. The mice liver with administration group of malathion on histopathologic test showed midzonal necrosis between central vein and portal area, and with administration group of DDVP mainly presented portal necrosis on location of potal area.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 1979

In preventing the infection of Clonorchis sinensis, there is one way in which life cycle of Clonorchis sinensis is cut off by eradicating the first intermediate host viz Parafossarulus manchuoricus, with molluscicides or insecticides. This survey was carried out in order to evaluating the molluscicidal effect of several insecticides upon P. manchauricus. In this survey, diazinon, heptachlor, E.P.N., E.M., and malathion was applied as molluscidies. Those insecticides had been generaly used in farming area. The results are summarized as follows. 1) In molluscicidal effect, E.M. showed the higher molluscicidal effect than any other insecticides in all experiment parts, and the order of insecticides upon molluscicidal effect was that of E.M., E.P.N., heptachlor and malathion. 2) $LD_{50}$ values are varied according to the exposure time in insecticide solution, and the longer the exposure time is, the lower the values of $LD_{50}$ is. 3) To take the exposure time in low concentration of insecticide solution for the long time would obtain the more molluscicidal effect. 4) The mortality rate increases in proportion as the concentration of insecticides increases.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.181-183
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• 2008

본 연구는 회분식과 연속식으로 나누어 숯의 농약 흡착 능력을 평가하였다. 실험에 사용된 농약은 Simazine, Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Butachlor, Malathion이다. 회분식 실험 결과에 따르면, 흑탄과 백탄 양을 0.1g, 1g, 10g, 50g씩 증가시킬수록 농약 성분의 제거율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 흑탄이 백탄 보다 농약 성분을 잘 제거하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 1g 주입시 흑탄은 백탄보다 Malathion을 약 15%, Rutachlor을 약 19%, Fenitrothion을 약 25%씩 제거율이 더 높게 나타난 것으로 보아 흡착이 잘된다고 판단된다. 반면에 회분식에서 Diazinon의 제거율은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났나. 연속식 실험에서도 흑탄이 백탄보다 더 높은 제거율을 나타내었으며, 특히 흑탄 칼럼에서는 흡착 시간$(21\sim31hr)$에서 농약 성분의 평균 제거율을 비교해 본 결과, Simazine은 90%, Fenitrothion은 82%, Butachlor은 81%로 나타났으며, 특히 Diazinon의 제거율은 55%로 나타나 상대적으로 흡착이 잘 되지 않는 것으로 나타났다.