• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2006

Objectives : Southern, northern, and wild types of Osterici Radix, and Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix imported from China are circulated in Korea. Morphological identification was attempted by comparing external and internal forms of these materials. Methods : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Results : 1. Southern type of Osterici Radix has short rhizome and many small and long roots, while northern type of it is mostly composed of rhizomes with little small reds and sometimes looks like bamboo because of the extention of the parts between joints. 2. Parenchymal cell of southern type of Osterici Radix is filled with starch grain, while that of nothern type includes less starch grain with lamination crossed on its cell wall. 3. Surface of root and rhizome of wild Osterici Radix has some marks of fibrous root raised in the form of nodule, but cultivated Osterici Radix does not have this kind of marks. 4. Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix is mostly composed of rhizomes, and its form is similar to that of a silkworm or joints of bamboo. Parenchymal cell is filled with starch grains, and lamination is crossed on its cell wall but not salient. Conclusion : Southern, northern, and wild types of Osterici Radix, and Notopterigii Rhizoma et Radix circulated in Korea can be easily identified because of their differences in their external and internal forms.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.300-309
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• 2010

The ability of sodium-exchanged clay particles as an adsorbent for the removal of commercial dyes, Methylene blue (MB) and Malachite green oxalate (MG) from aqueous solutions has been investigated under various experimental conditions. The effect of the experimental parameters, such as pH solution, agitation time, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dose were examined. Maximum adsorption of dyes, i.e. >90% has been achieved in aqueous solutions using 0.03 g of clay at a pH of 7 and 298 K for both dyes. The adsorption process was a fast and the equilibrium was obtained within the first 5 min. For the adsorption of both MB and MG dyes, the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics provides the best correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption equilibrium results follow Langmuir and Dubini-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms with high regression coefficients $R^2$ > 0.98. The mean free energies $E_a$ of adsorption from D-R model were 3.779 and 2.564 kj/mol for MB and MG respectively, which corresponds to a physisorption process.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.175-179
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• 2016

In this study, we evaluated the reusable leuco malachite green (LMG) micelle gel properties dependent on various components of chemical concentration and compared with leuco crystal violet (LCV). The gels were delivered to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy at 6 MV photon beam from linear accelerator and analyzed using spectrophotometry. We confirmed that the reusable LMG and LVC absorbance wavelength peak were made up at 630 nm and 600 nm respectively. The transparency of reusable LMG decreased with higher amount of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) and lower reusable LMG dyes. 1 mM reusable LMG was the lowest transparency. The sensitivity was increased depending on lower trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) concentrations and the amount of suitable surfactant (Triton X-100), which was found to be 7 mM. However, we were not able to investigate sensitivity effects factor from reusable LMG dyes. The gel dosimeter containing 16 mM TCAA, 7 mM Triton X-100 gel dosimeter showed the highest sensitivity at $0.0021{\pm}0.0001cm^{-1}.Gy^{-1}$. The sensitivity of LCV was found to be higher than reusable LMG at $0.0037{\pm}0.0005cm^{-1}.Gy^{-1}$. The reusable LMG and LCV dose responses were shown to be $R^2=0.997$, $R^2=0.999$ respectively, as stable measurement results. Future research is necessary to improve dose sensitivity, dose rate dependency and gel fading with extensive chemical formulations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 1974

When rearing fish at recirculating filter systems, some pesticides are often used for controling various fish diseases. In this case, the pesticides are usually applied after stopping the filteration, from a view point of affecting the filtering ability of oxidation and decomposition by killing the decomposing bacteria in the filter system. Therefore, a great inconvenience is usually net. The authors carried out a series of experiments, and the influence of 3 kinds of treatments of pesticides, formalin 33 ppm+matachite green 0.15 ppm, dipterex 0.25 ppm, and furanace 0.1 ppm, to the filtering ability expressed as the consumption rate of dissolved oxygen and depletion of ammonia-nitrogen during the passing time through the filter layer was investigated, and it was found out that these pesticides with above mentioned concentrations which is normally used for controling several kinds of diseases and parasites during the time of eel culture, did not affect the filtering ability. Consequently, it can be said that these pesticides with above mentioned concentrations can he used without stopping filteration.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2005

Objectives : A morphological classification among Achyranthes japonica Nakai (produced in Korea), A. bidentata Blume (imported from China), and Cyathula officinalis Kuan (used in China exclusively) was made through microscopic observation. Method : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Result : 1. Korean A. japonica Nakai has slim roots, whose diameter is $1{\sim}5\;mm$. 1) Most of its intersection is stele, which includes a lot of vascular bundles. The inside of vascular bundles shows the arrangement of $2{\sim}4$ cycles, the innermost wheel of which is divided into two parts. 2) Parts of parenchymatous cell include Crystal sand of calcium oxalate. 2. The diameter of the roots of Chinese A. bidentata Blume is $0.4{\sim}1\;cm$. 1) The xylem in the vascular bundle in the middle of its intersection is rather big, around which the inner parts of the vascular bundles are arranged in the shape of $2{\sim}4$ cycles around. The most outside part of it is small, and the middle part is gathered into $2{\sim}3$ groups. 2) Parts of parenchymatous cells include Crystal sand of calcium oxalate. 3. The roots of Chinese C. officinalis Kuan is thick, whose diameter is $0.5{\sim}3\;cm$. 1) Vascular bundle of its intersection is spotted, arranged in the shape of $4{\sim}11$ concentric circles, whose center is divided into $2{\sim}9$ groups. 2) Parenchymatous cells include crystal sand and square crystal of calcium oxalate. Conclusion : It is concluded that Achyranthes japonica Nakai, A. bidentata Blume, and C. officinalis Kuan have different shapes in both external forms and internal intersections, so that they can be easily distinguished from one another through microscopic observation.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 2012

The Donggwanwangmyo Shrine was built in the period of Joseon Dynasty in 1602. There are Clay Statues (Gwanwo, Jangbi, Woojanggun, Juchang, Jojaryoung and so on) enshrined in the inside of the main hall. Original color of these Clay Statues are deteriorated by inorganic pollutant like dust. And the origanal forms were damaged during several process of restorations and repaintings. This study carried out XRD, SEM-EDS, P-XRF and chromaticity measurement for characterization of pigments which painted on Clay Statues. As a result, cinnabar, hematite and red lead were used to paint in pigments for the red and brown colors. Light red pigment was made by gypsum with these minerals that make colors. Graphite and gold were used to color of black and gold pigment, respectively. Green pigment is identified of malachite, atacamite and glauconite. Blue pigment which is clearly painted on Clay Statues is interpreted a morden industrial pigment that were painted at repair work. White pigments are detected calcite, gypsum and silver white. Orpiment and litharge were used to color of yellow and light yellow pigment.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2013

The painted folding screen of Crown Prince Munhyo at Boyangcheong, Munhyo-seja Boyangcheonggyebyung, was made to record the court ceremony where Crown Prince Munhyo(1782-1786), the firstborn son of King Jeongjo, met his first teacher called Boyanggwan for the first time at Boyangcheong, a government agency specifically founded to provide education for a crown prince, in January 1784. Having never been treated before, this 8-fold screen is still in its original presentation of Joseon Dynasty screen paintings of court ceremonies in the 18th century. The mountings of folding screens in Joseon Dynasty has been researched through the study of the mounting of the Boyangcheong screen and the conservation treatment of the screen has been based on this research. The result of the pigment analysis shows the use of lead white, red lead, vermilion(cinnabar), azurite, malachite, litharge(massicot), carbon black(Chinese ink). The microscopic observation has proved that the painting was painted on verso in most areas and finished on recto to highlight the details or to produce subtle hues by applying light colors.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.525-536
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• 2015

Trapiche project corresponds to the advanced exploration stage which is thought to be a part of various porphyry copper deposits occurring in the margin of Andahuyalas-Yauri metallogenic belt. This deposit is genetically related to the monzonitic porphyry intrusion and Oligocene breccia pipe. Mineralization consists of primary sulfides such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and molybdenite and secondary sulfides such as chalcocite, covellite and digenite. It occurs malachite, tenorite and cuprite as copper oxide. As a result of lixiviation or enrichment process, mineralization shows untypical zonation structure. Breccia and porphyry areas characterize the vertical zonation patterns. In the northern area, lixiviation zone, secondary enrichment zone, transitional zone and primary mineralized zone are distributed in northern area. In the western area of deposit, oxidation zone and mixed zones are narrowly occurred. Inferred resources of deposit is estimated to be 920 Mt @ 0.41% Cu with the cut-off grade of 0.15%.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.14
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• pp.13-22
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• 2013

The Nectar Ritual Painting(Jeung7551) in National Museum of Korea is estimated to have been produced in the 16th century. Ezimagodo who is the head priest of Ruganji in Kyoto, Japan donated this painting in 2010. Overall, damages were serious, such as missing, staining, folding, insects of the face and mounting silk, therefore, it need to conservation treatment. The treatment of conservation in painting was removing surface stains and repairing missing area. It was mounted by following the original form. The analysis result of textile in mounting and support fiber used silk and hemp in microscope. Pigments in paint were divided into six color types. This painting was used that vermilion(cinnabar) and red lead for red color, litharge(massicot) and gold for yellow color, lead white for white color, malachite for green color, azurite for blue color, and carbon black(chinese ink) for black color.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.291-301
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• 2004

In order to charaterize weathering of chalcopyrite and behavior of dissolved metal ions in waste rocks from Manjang Cu mine, mineralogical studies such as refractive microscope, XRD and SEM/EDS analyses carried out. The weathering was mainly occurred in fractures and edge of the chalcopyrite within the mine waste rocks. The weathering process can be seen to reflect four stages based on the weathering degree of chalcopyrite. The main secondary minerals are goethite, covellite, azurite, malachite and brochantite. Dissolved Cu and As were mainly adsorbed Fe-hydroxide. Poorly crystalline Fe-oxide contains relatively high As contents. In oxdizing condition, the weathering of chalcopyrite mainly occurs along the fracture, while the replacement of chalcopyrite observed mainly in the grain and produced covellite and brochantite. The dissolved metals (Cu, Fe, As) in waste rocks from the abandoned Manjang mine area could attenuate naturally by precipitation, adsorption and replacement reaction.