• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.336-341
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the lysine cell mass (LCM) as a dietary fish meal (EM) protein replacer in juvenile Israeli carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fishmeal, a major animal protein source in the control diet, was replaced by tCM on the protein equivalent base, Fish averaging 1,7 $\pm$ 0.1 g (Mean $\pm$ SD) fed one of nine diets containing isonitrogenous and isocaloric basis of $38\%$ crude protein and 15.2 kJ available energy/g diet: control, $100\%$ $FM; LCM_20$, $80\%$ $FM+20\%$ $LCM; LCM_40$, $60\%$ $FM+40\%$ $LCM; LCM_60$, $40\%$ $FM+60\%$ $LCM; LCM_100$, $100\%$ $LCM; LCM_20$l, $80\%$ $FM+20\%$ $LCM+0.07\%$ $Lysine; LCM_40$l, $60\%$ $FM+40\%$ $LCM+0.14\%$ $Lysine; LCM_60$l $40\%$ $FM+60\%$ $LCM+0.22\%$ Lysine; LCM_100l, $100\%$ LCM+$0.35\% Lysine. After 6 weeks of feeding trial there was no significant difference in weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and specific growth rate (SGR) among fish fed control and $LCM_20$ (P>0.05), while fish fed $LCM_40,\;LCM_60,\;LCM_100,\;LCM_40l,\;LCM_60l\;and\;LCM_100l$ diets had a significantly lower WG, FE, PER and SGR than did fish fed control diet (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in WG, PER and SGR among fish fed control and $LCM_20$l diets (P>0.05), while fish fed $LCM_20$l S had a significantly lower FE than did fish fed control diet (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in hematocrit and condition facto, among fish fed nine diets (P>0.05). Therefore, these results indicated that LCM could replace FM up to $20\%$ and dietary synthetic lysine supplementation did not show any positive growth effects in juvenile Israeli carp.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.440-445
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• 2000

To develop a new processed foods with prepersimmon, the contents of approximate composition, free sugar, organic acid, mineral and vitamins in prepersimmon(Diospyros kaki Thumb. cv. Fuyu) were investigated. The approximate composition was 89.08% of moisture, 0.26% of crude ash, 0.56% of crude fat and 0.75% of crude protein respectively. Free sugars were composed of glucose, fructose and sucrose. Glucose(3.34%) and fructose(3.01%) were major free sugars, and sucrose was detected a small quantities. The organic acids were composed of citric acid. maleic acid, fumalic acid and lactic acid. Lactic acid(68.65mg%) was major a organic acid and took 79% of total organic acid amount. Minerals were K, P, Na. Ca, Fe and Zn, and K was a major mineral and detected 126.l2mg%, and Fe and Zn were a small quantities. The content of vitamin A was 33.95 R.E., and less than that in hard persimmon, and the content of vitamin C was 171.01 mg%, 10 times higher in comparison with that in hard persimmon, and vitamin B$_1$ and B$_2$ were detected a small quantities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.176-187
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• 2001

This research was conducted to evaluate the general dietary quality(the balance and diversity of food intake, nutrient intake and adequacy) of 12 to 36-month-old toddler, through examining their actual food intake. It was conducted for 664(male-357, female-307) healthy toddler who were outpatients from Mar. to Aug., 1999 at university hospitals and private hospitals in Seoul and kyunggi province. The anthropometric parameters were measured. The 24-hr recall method were utilized to analyze the nutrient intake by months, based on the classification of The Korea Child Gorwth Standard. As for the subjects of this research, we found that the younger the age, the more frequent the pattern of intake of only 3 kinds of food groups. The results are that 1) the group with 1 point of the DDS(Dietary Diversity Score) mostly took only foods from the milk group, 2) the group with 2 points only took foods from the grain and milk group, 3) the group with 3 points did not take foods from the fruit and vegetable group, and 4) the group with 4 points took just about all kinds of food groups except for the vegetable group. This means that most of them were not taking various kinds of food even after the age of 12 months, and that they took more than twice the recommended amount of foods from the milk group until the age of 20 months. Thus, one could find a tendency of dependance on the milk group for food intake. Food intake for the vegetable group was severely under the recommended allowance, regardless of the age. The intake of iron was less than two thirds of the recommended allowance, except for the group of 12 to 14-month-olds who had been fed with infant formula. The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio(NAR) of major nutrients(protein, calcium, phosphorous, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, niacin, vitamin C) and the Mean Adequacy Ratio(MAR, shows the general quality of dietary intake) was 0.86$\pm$0.12, but the NAR of iron was 0.62$\pm$0.27, which was extremely low compared to those of other nutrients. Therefore, concerning the subjects of this research, the MAR value alone does not provide enough ground to conclude that the subjects dietary quality is satisfactory. (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 176-187, 2001)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1903-1907
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• 2010

Drying curves for raw Alaska pollack seemed to follow typical food dehydration process with a very short initial settling down period. It was evident that there are some differences in drying rates between each part of fish body showing the highest drying rate for fish head followed by that for fish skin and that for flesh, presumably because of differences in water holding capacity of the components of each part. Specifically, the drying curve of fish flesh revealed that a boundary layer, thereby, a time period, existed which showed a big difference in moisture content and/or water activity as drying proceeds. The boundary layer in fish flesh with high moisture content between the layer contributes to reduce drying rate mainly as a consequence of protein aggregation resulting in hardening of fish flesh. The first boundary layer in this work appeared to show within several hours after initiation of drying. For Hwangtae, a naturally cyclic freeze-thaw dried and aged Alaska pollack which was popular in Korea, manufacturing process, it is clear that periodic moistening of boundary layer in fish flesh prohibits hardening fish flesh in boundary layer and enables steady moisture diffusion from inside of the fish flesh to surface of the fish body.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.663-667
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• 2011

This study was performed to measure the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of peptide extracts derived from the enzymatic proteolysis of Hanwoo Musculus longissimus (M. longissimus) during cold storage. Thermolysin (80 ppm, w/w) and protease type XIII (100 ppm, w/w) were injected separately or in combination for the enzymatic proteolysis of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins prior to storage at $5^{\circ}C$ (T1) or at $-1^{\circ}C$ (T2) in a chilling room for 9 days. Beef injected with thermolysin (E2) and thermolysin+protease type XIII (E3) showed a significantly higher degree of hydrolysis at both storage temperatures (p<0.05). During the storage period, T1E2 at day 6 and T1E3 at day 9 showed the strongest ACE inhibitory activity with sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein proteolysates. Macromolecules greater than 10,000 Da were removed by ultra filtration, and the filtrates were separated into fractions using gel filtration. Five and three major fractions were collected from S-T1E2-6 and M-T1E3-9 extracts, respectively, and the $4^{th}$ fraction of the S-T1E2-6 extracts showed the highest ACE inhibitory rate of $61.96{\pm}7.41%$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.775-784
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• 1998

This study was conduced to investigate the seasonal variation of dietary intake and quality obtained by 24 hour recall method in Korean adults living in rural area. The mean daily intakes of 4 seasons were 1,692kcal for energy, 63g(14.8% of energy) for protein, 30g(15.7% of energy) for fat, 257g(60.7% of energy) for carbohydrate. Mean daily intakes were significantly highest in winter for most of the nutrients, and lower in summer for energy, fat, calcium, iron. Mena adequacy ratio(MAR), an index of overall nutritional quality was 0.65 in winter, 0.67 in spring, 0.65 in summer and 0.72 in autumn and nutrient adequacy ratio(NAR) was significantly different fro vitamin C agmong different seasons. Subjects consumed usually 15.3 different foods in winter, 14.5 in summer, 13.9 in spring and 13.7 in autumn. The number of food consumed was positively correlated with intake of most nutrients, especially in autumn. For variety among the five major food groups(grain, meat, dairy, fruit, vegetable) with a dietary diversity scores(DDS) calculated, the average socre of DDS was 3 in all seasons and omitted food groups were usually dariy and fruit. In conclusion, dietary intake and quality of Korean adults were different according to seasons.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.517-527
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• 1999

The health, anthropometry, food habits, food intake frequency and nutrition intake of 747(219 men and 528 women) elderly people living in Inchon were investigated. Mean BMI, WHR, triceps skinfold thickness, BIA, blood pressure of the subjects were 23.4, 1.0, 15.6mm, 28.6%, 137.5/78.8mmHg in men and 24.9, 0.87, 22.6mm, 36.2%, 130.8/73.8mmHg in women respectively. Over the half of the subjects perceived themselves unhealthy and 86.2% of the elderly suffered from one or more illness. Ratios of the smoking and the drinking elderly were 40%, 43% in men and 12%, 11% in women. The major reason to stop smoking or drinking was the concern about their health. Food habit score of the subjects was relatively high (14.45/18.0) but food intake frequency score were relatively low (21.18/33.0) except the food groups of cereal & grain, white vegetable and sweets. The foods consumed by the elderly were very limited in quality and also in quantity. The daily intakes of calorie, protein, iron, vit. B1, niacin and vit. C were less than 2/3 of RDA and the amounts of calcium, vit. A and vit. B2 consumption were less than 1/2 of RDA.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.sup1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Previous infant feeding guidelines recommended a delayed introduction of solids to beyond 6 months of age to prevent atopic diseases. However, scientific evidence supporting a delayed introduction of solids for prevention of atopic diseases is scarce and inconsistent. Current evidence does not support a major role for maternal dietary restrictions during pregnancy or lactation in the prevention of atopic disease. In studies of infants at high risk of developing atopic disease, there is evidence that exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months compared with feeding intact cow milk protein decreases the incidence of atopic dermatitis, cow milk allergy, and wheezing in early childhood. For infants at high risk of developing atopic disease who are not breastfed exclusively for 4 to 6 months, there is modest evidence that atopic dermatitis may be delayed or prevented by the use of extensively or partially hydrolyzed formulas, compared with cow milk formula, in early childhood. There is no convincing evidence that a delayed introduction of solid foods beyond 4 to 6 months of age prevents the development of atopic disease. For infants after 4 to 6 months of age, there are insufficient data to support a protective effect of any dietary intervention for the development of atopic disease.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.909-921
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• 2022

Eggs are considered an excellent complete food because they contain many major energy sources, including protein. Eggs are one of the most widely consumed foods worldwide, and egg consumption is steadily increasing. Eggs are generally classified according to their quality and weight. Various characteristics of eggs must be considered for the design and effective utilization of equipment used for the transport, processing, packaging, and storage of eggs. In this study, egg surface area, volume, density, etc. were measured according to the grade of the egg. The values of several geometrical properties that were measured tended to increase with increasing egg grade. The smallest grade eggs had the lowest shell thickness and density. The electrical conductivity of the eggshell and its contents was measured with a self-made electrode and equipment. The egg shell showed properties similar to insulators, and as the thickness increased, the electrical conductivity tended to increase. The electrical conductivity of the egg yolk showed almost constant values under all conditions. The electrical conductivity of the egg white and mixture was particularly low at 0.1 kHz. Fouling and electrode corrosion occurred in a low frequency region due to the egg white. In this study, various geometric and electrical characteristics of eggs were measured, and based on this, factors that could serve as new indicators for egg processed production were analyzed and investigated.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2017

To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of natural products, we determined the anti-inflammatory activity of purified epigallocatechin (EGC) from Camellia sinensis leaves. In the present study, we found that EGC inhibited the production of proinflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO, and $PGE_2$) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Suppression of IL-6 seems to be at least partly attributable to the inhibitory effect of EGC. TNF-${\alpha}$ is a major cytokine produced by LPS-induced macrophages, and they have a wide variety of biological functions including regulation of inflammation. The inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production by EGC may downregulate the acute-phase response to LPS, thereby reducing LPS-induced inflammation. In addition to IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$, EGC effectively reduced the production of other key inflammatory mediators, including NO and $PGE_2$. The inhibitory effect of EGC on NO and $PGE_2$ production was supported by the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX-2 at protein levels. These results support the traditional use of EGC in the alleviation of various inflammation-associated diseases and suggest that EGC might be useful in the development of new functional foods for inflammatory diseases.